坦桑尼亚Shoga金矿控矿构造特征及找矿方向

文章分析了Shoga金矿区NW向断裂构的造特征及其与金矿的空间关系,认为NW向断裂构造是该矿区主要的控矿构造,NW向糜棱岩化韧性剪切带是金矿体的主要赋存部位。     

Abnormal Karyotype of Pen Shell ( Atrina pectinata ) During Its Early Embryonic Development in Late Breeding Season

The pen shell, Atrina pectinata, distributes globally. It is one of the most important edible bivalves in east Asian countries. However, there are multiple     

Emergency countermeasures against marine disasters in Qingdao City on the basis of scenario analysis

Storm surge, sea wave, sea ice, red tide and harmful marine creature bloom are main marine disasters occurring in the coast and offshore areas of Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China. Marine disasters mentioned above can be divided into five categories, namely, marine meteorological disasters, marine hydrological disasters, marine geological disasters, marine ecological disasters and man-made marine disasters. Over the past century, the marine disasters in the coast and offshore areas of Qingdao City have caused great economic losses and casualties. In recent years, some problems still exist in emergency management against marine disasters in Qingdao City, such as inaccurate predictions of disasters, untimely early warning and lack of social participation in the emergency management. On the basis of scenario analysis, the authors try to predict different possible scenarios of marine disasters at different early warning levels and propose some optimized emergency countermeasures against marine disaster in Qingdao City. Results of our research can provide a theoretical basis for the revision and improvement of emergency plans and thus guarantee timely and effective emergency management actions against marine disasters in Qingdao City.

     

地质灾害航空遥感技术应用现状及展望

我国地质灾害发生十分频繁,因灾损失尤为严重,近年来发生的多起重大地质灾害事件表明高植被覆盖山区,以及一些受地形条件限制人迹罕至区域的地质灾害防治工作仍是传统群测群防的难题。航空遥感技术因其独特视场角、机动灵活等优势可快速高效地揭示地质灾害的空间分布特征和时空演化规律,在地质灾害调查评价、应急响应等方面发挥了重要作用。本文在简要概述航空遥感技术、平台及传感器的基础上,系统总结了国内外航空遥感在地质灾害识别解译、调查评价、长期监测、应急响应、VR展示等方面的研究应用,阐述了目前地质灾害航空遥感应用所面临的机遇和挑战,并对航空遥感在地质灾害应用研究的发展趋势做出了展望。     

联合InSAR与无人机航测的白鹤滩库区蓄水前地灾隐患广域识别

白鹤滩水电站位于我国西南高陡山区,是我国实施“西电东送”的国家重大工程之一。水库两岸是地质灾害高易发区,传统的地质灾害调查手段存在工作效率低、危险性高、无法覆盖高位隐患点等弊端。联合星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术(InSAR)与无人机航测技术应用于广域地灾隐患探测对于库区地灾隐患广域识别、掌握其分布规律及辅助后续重点防治具有重要意义。本文基于142景Sentinel-1卫星升降轨影像,采用时间序列InSAR技术对白鹤滩库区重点库岸段蓄水前两岸活动性坡体进行探测,同时利用无人机航测技术对其进行了野外验证与辅助分析,根据航片生成的数字高程模型(DEM)、数字正射影像图(DOM)、三维模型等航摄数字产品,结合形变与地形地貌特征,确定了32处地灾隐患点。并结合隐患点的形变量级、形变面积、是否涉水、是否具有明确威胁对象等因素给出了防治建议,建立了全面而准确的蓄水前地灾隐患灾害库。最后基于此案例对两种技术优势特长、适用范围以及如何高效联合应用进行了总结。本文揭示了两种技术在广域地灾隐患识别时的结合应用,无人机航测不仅能对InSAR技术探测到的形变区进行验证,同时InSAR也可以指导重点航测区域,提高航测飞行效率。通过结合两项技术提供的实时与历史信息、形变与地质信息可实现综合研判,形成基于空天遥感技术的高效库岸地质灾害综合遥感识别方法。     

岩屑测量在智利Henan D矿区地质勘查中的应用

在智利北部地区的地质找矿工作中,对安托法加斯塔Henan D矿区开展了岩屑粒度试验和1∶10 000岩屑地球化学测量。粒度试验表明,采集B+C层或C层-5~+40目岩屑样品能较好的反映地质特征;岩屑测量圈定了6处Cu-Au-Ag综合异常,通过槽探和钻探异常查证,发现了良好的找矿线索,该区具有找到铁氧铜金型铜矿的潜力。工作表明,在智利安托法加斯塔大区荒漠化景观区实施岩屑测量能够达到明确找矿目标、缩小找矿范围、确定找矿靶区的目的。     

强震触发崩塌滚石运动特征研究

高强度、长持时汶川地震诱发大量边坡滚石,滚石源于岩体结构面切割而成的块体或岩土质边坡中尺寸较大的孤石。以汶川地震未扰动现场滚石痕迹的判识、测量取样及分析,得出强震作用下块体(石)是以一定初始速度抛射而出的; 其坡面运动表现为滑动、滚动、跳跃与3种方式的组合。选取2个典型强震崩塌点为例进行研究,基本结论:(1)与重力作用下崩塌滚石运动特征是有显著区别的,地震触发滚石具有一定的平抛速度,初始速度除与地震烈度有关外,还与地形地貌有关,其中变坡点、凸起点、端部速度较大; (2)滚石三边(长、宽、高)比例越接近,其运距越远; 坡面相对1/2高度以上,运动方式表现为跳跃-滚动、跳跃-滑动为主,其下滚石则以滑动、滚动运动为主; (3)规模(质量)大的滚石多停留于第一着地点附近或边坡坡脚宽缓地带,滚石运动消能方式为摩擦或碰撞解体; 滚石平台阻滞率为54％,树(灌)木拦阻率为12％。通过反演,计算了非弹性碰撞法向恢复系数Rn与切向恢复系数Rt,其中裸露基岩Rn=0.2,Rt=0.6,一般覆盖层Rn=0.3,Rt=0.8。滚石在运动过程中的弹跳理论高度在0.2~1.3m之间,坡面相对高差与最远滚动距离之比约为1/2。     

Inhibition of norsolorinic acid accumulation to Aspergillus parasiticus by marine actinomycetes

Thirty-six strains of marine actinomycetes were isolated from a sample of marine sediment collected from the Yellow Sea and evaluated in terms of their inhibitory activity on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and the production of norsolorinic acid using dual culture plate assay and agar diffusion methods. Among them, three strains showed strong antifungal activity and were subsequently identified as Streptomyces sp. by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The supernatant from the fermentation of the MA01 strain was extracted sequentially with chloroform and ethyl acetate, and the activities of the extracts were determined by tip culture assay. The assay results show that both extracts inhibited mycelium growth and toxin production, and the inhibitory activities of the extracts increased as their concentrations increased. The results of this study suggest that marine actinomycetes are biologically important for the control of mycotoxins, and that these bacteria could be used as novel biopesticides against mycotoxins.     

The effect of chemical cues on the settlement of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) larvae

The effects of four ions and eight neuroactive compounds on inducing larval settlement of A. japonicus were assessed in the present study. All bioassays were conducted in 60 × 9 mm Petri dishes, each contained 10 mL of the test solution and 10 doliolaria larvae. There were significant inductive effects of K+(10- mmol L-1), NH+4(0.1 mmol L1), GABA(10-3 mol L-1), acetylcholine(10-5 mol L-1), L-DOPA(10-5 mol L-1), norepinephrine(10-5 mol L-1) and dopamine(10-7 mol L-1 and 10-5 mol L-1) on the settlement of sea cucumber larvae. L-DOPA and dopamine are the most efficient chemical cues to induce A. japonicus larvae to settle. The highest percentage of larval settlement was induced by 10-5 mol L-1 L-DOPA and dopamine(33% and 40%) compared to the control(7%). However, Ca2+, Mg2+, choline, serotonin, and epinephrine were less effective on larval settlement at all tested concentrations. This study evaluated the stability and feasibility of chemical cues for larval settlement in different culture systems, which can be applied to improve the hatchery production of this valuable species.     

北京居民活动与出行行为时空数据采集与管理

本研究对传统活动日志调查与基于GPS、LBS的移动数据采集在居民活动—移动数据的获取和应用方面进行对比,并以2010年7月在北京进行的居民活动与移动调查为例,探讨了个体行为时空数据采集的方法、存在问题和处理方式。北京市的实验调查采取活动日志调查与基于GPS、GSM两种不同定位方式的移动数据采集相结合的方法,以定位设备为基础、以互动式调查网站为平台、以面对面和电话访谈为补充,对天通苑和亦庄两个郊区居住区的样本居民进行了为期一周的行为时空数据采集。针对时空轨迹和活动日志存在的问题分别进行处理,并对数据质量进行管理,旨在为城市活动—移动系统研究中的精细化的数据采集与管理提供理论、方法和实践经验。