Characterization of Water Quality in Xiao Xingkai Lake: Implications for Trophic Status and Management

Increasing cases of lake eutrophication globally have raised concerns among stakeholders, and particularly in China. Evaluating the causes of eutrophication in waterways is essential for effective pollution prevention and control. Xiao Xingkai Lake is part of and connected to Xingkai(Khanka) Lake, a boundary lake between China and Russia. In this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal variabilities in water quality(i.e., dissolved oxygen(DO), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), chemica...     

Developmental Dynamics of the Larval Muscle System of Bay Scallop (Argopecten irradians)

Though the larval development of bivalves has been extensively studied for commercial purposes,the dynamic development of larval muscle system remains largely unknown.In this study,we characterized the larval muscle system at different developmental stages(D-shaped veligers,umbo veligers and spats)in the bay scallop(Argopecten irradians)by phalloidin staining and under a confocal microscopy.The functional muscles are initially established at the early stage of veligers,which have four pairs of velar retractors and one anterior adductor.At the veliger stage,the velum and posterior retractor muscles are functionally important for velar contractility but undergo an irreversible shrink until they disappear at the end of the larval stage.During metamorphosis,three crucial modifications take place in the larval muscle system.The metamorphosis process involves the gradual degeneration of velum retractors,mantle margin development from an unfolded to a three-fold state,and remodeling of the adductor muscle system from dimyarian(two adductors)to monomyarian condition(one adductor)as in juveniles/adults.All retractor muscles are composed of striated muscle,but both anterior and posterior adductors have smooth and striated components.These findings highlight that the morphological changes at different stages are typical features of myogenesis in scallops.The present knowledge on the developmental dynamics of myogenesis in the bay scallop will not only improve our understanding of phenotypic diversity of larval myoanatomy in bivalves,but also provide useful information on the larval culture in hatcheries.     

利用高密度电阻率法进行断层破碎带探查的数值模拟方法

为明确不同条件下断层破碎带的异常特征 ,提高高密度电阻率法 (HDR)的应用效果 ,该文在大量探测实例的基础上提出断层破碎带的地电模型 ;用有限元数值模拟的方式计算出不同地表电性层的情况下 ,高、低阻断层破碎带在不同电测的异常特征并确定最佳采集装置形式 ;并正演模拟倾斜断层的异常分布形态 ,给出为提高视电阻率断面对断层产状反映能力的数据处理方法     

复杂深海工程地质原位长期监测系统研发与应用

海底滑坡、浊流等深海底地质灾害严重威胁海洋工程安全,是国家深海开发亟待解决的风险问题。为避免深海海底地质灾害对海底工程造成危害,解决深海海底地质灾害监测预警的难题,我们研发了一套复杂深海工程地质原位长期监测系统。该系统通过声学、电阻率、超孔隙水压力等方法监测深海海底沉积物的物理力学性质变化,实现了对深海海底地质灾害的监测和预警。该系统主要包括海床基搭载平台、监测系统、通信控制系统、供电系统等。其中监测系统主要通过原位长期监测海底沉积物的电阻率、声学、超孔隙水压力等的变化来获取海底沉积物的物理力学性质变化;通信控制系统可以实现海底到海面,再到陆地的双向通信和数据传输。其中供电系统通过独特设计的海水电池工艺,可以满足该系统在海底长期工作一年的电量需求。复杂深海工程地质原位长期监测系统已完成了近海测试,并搭载“海洋地质六号”“东方红三号” “张謇号”等科考船在南海进行了多次远海海试,获取了丰富的实测数据。电阻率监测系统采用温纳法滚动测量,测得的水土界面位置平均电阻率为0.207 Ω·m。超孔隙水压力监测系统采用开放式结构的压差式光纤光栅孔压测量方法,监测到孔压观测的4个标志性阶段:(1)贯入过程引起的超孔隙水压力累计,峰值为34.942 kPa,历时0.182 h;(2)贯入完成后累积的超孔隙水压力衰减,衰减到9.973 kPa,历时为0.810 h;(3)环境应力引起的超孔隙水压力实时响应,超孔隙水压力的变化范围为8.327~14.384 kPa;(4)残余孔隙水压力平均值为11.150 kPa。声学监测系统采用两个一发三收模式,测量的海水平均声速为1 533 m/s,测量的海底沉积物自上而下的平均声速依次为1 586、1 587、1 784、1 735、1 831 m/s。复杂深海工程地质原位长期监测系统的成功研制将显著提升目前海洋工程地质原位长期观测的技术能力,解决复杂深海工程地质评价及地质灾害监测预警的技术难题。     

Dynamic process analysis of the Xinmo landslide via seismic signal and numerical simulation

Landslides - On 24 June 2017, a rockslide-debris avalanche occurred in Xinmo Village, Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, China. The displaced materials traveled approximately 2.6 km and...     

Experiment and analysis of the formation,expansion and dissipation of gasbag in fine sediments based on pore water pressure survey

Deep-seated gas in seabed sediments migrates upwards from effect of external factors, which easily accumulates to form gasbags at interface of shallow coarse-fine sediments. Real-time monitoring of this process is important to predict disaster. However, there is still a lack of effective monitoring methods, so we attempt to apply multi-points pore water pressure monitoring technology when simulating forming and dissipation of gasbags in sediments through laboratory experiment. This study focuses...     

3D激光扫描工艺与锦屏Ⅰ级水电工程右岸建基面绿片岩实测迹长分布研究

锦屏Ⅰ级水电站右岸建基面发育有大量的绿片岩,它们是水电站建设中重大工程地质问题研究中需要注意的对象之一。为了研究它们的迹长分布规律,利用3D激光扫描工艺,对锦屏Ⅰ级水电工程右岸建基面高差50m范围内的绿片岩出露区域进行了扫描,获得了准确的绿片岩出露的迹长数据,从而使绿片岩迹长分布研究成为可能。研究发现,迹长数据样本最集中分布于0～3m的区间;随着迹长的增加,落在子区间内的条数(频数)递减;在0～9m的各个子区间内,样本呈正态分布。整体而言,实测迹长样本数据服从对数正态分布。     

A catastrophic rockslide-debris flow in Wulong, Chongqing, China in 2009: background, characterization, and causes

On June 5, 2009, a catastrophic rockslide-debris flow occurred at the crest of the Jiweishan Mountain in Wulong, Chongqing, China. Approximately five million cubic meters of limestone blocks slid along a weak interlayer of bituminous and carbonaceous shale. The source mass descended from the upper part of the slope rapidly, crossing a 200-m wide and 50-m deep creek in front of it. Blocked by the opposite steep creek wall, the sliding mass changed its direction and traveled a further 2.2 km along the creek in debris-flow mode, finally forming a large accumulation zone with an average depth of 30 m. This is one of the most catastrophic rockslide events in recent years in China. It buried 12 houses and the entrance of an iron mining tunnel where some 27 miners were working inside. Ten people died, 64 missing, and eight wounded. Immediately after this disaster happened, the government organized an expert team to assist the rescue work. As one of the geological experts, the author did a lot of field investigations and collected first-hand information. Multi-methods including the remote sensing, 3D laser scanning, geophysical exploration, and numerical modeling were used for analyzing the characteristics and the triggering mechanism of the Wulong rockslide. The preliminary investigation results reveal that this rockslide with poor geological conditions was mainly induced by the gravitation and the karst effect and also affected by the previous mining activities. The research in this paper is meaningful and useful for further research on such kind of rockslides that are geologically similar to the Wulong rockslide.     

渭河盆地地震活动性分区模糊综合评判

地震活动性分区综合评定是一项十分复杂的系统工程问题。本文选用模糊数学中模糊综合评判的理论与方法，建立了渭河盆地地震活动性分区模糊综合评定模型与评判指标及模糊综合评判计算模型。通过综合评定，分选出了与渭河盆地地震活动性相吻合的弱活动性区、中等活动性区、较强活动性区和强烈活动性区，其结果较好地反映出了本区地震活动的实际强弱程度。为该区的地震预报及开发建设之布局等提供了科学依据。     

柴达木盆地全球末次冰期介形类动物群的演变

晚更新世晚期，柴达木盆地达参1井井深46m以下的沉积物内，水生生物化石有很高的丰度和分异度。介形类为 Cyprideis torosa-Ilyocypris inermis组合，伴生有轮藻类、腹足类、双壳类、植物和鱼类等化石。井深46m~10m，为全球末次冰期盛冰阶（25ka~10ka B.P）沉积，当时气候极端干冷，出现干盐湖地质事件（playa），沉积物由湖相泥岩迅速演变为石盐层，生物化石罕见，几近绝迹。平均40m厚的石盐沉积遍及三湖(台吉乃尔湖、达布逊湖和霍布逊湖)地区，形成了该区天然气赖以保存的最后一道屏障-天然气藏的盖层。井深约10m以上，为全新世暖期或称现代间冰期沉积物，渐变为浅湖相泥岩和粉砂岩夹膏盐沉积。当时处于氧同位素阶段1，湖水盐度逐渐降低，水生生物丰度和分异度再度增高，介形类更替为半咸水-淡水介形类Candona neglecta-Candoniella lactea组合，伴生有丰富的轮藻、腹足类、双壳类等。直到现代，台吉乃尔湖、达布逊湖和霍布逊湖以南由于受昆仑山充足的淡水补给影响，水生生物丰富。三湖以北，远离主要淡水补给区，水体较咸，介形类则为典型的盐湖介形类Eucypris inflata所替代，膏盐沉积比三湖以南明显增多。