Mesoproterozoic Earthquake Events and Breakup of the Sino-Korean Plate

In the Mesoproterozoic time, the northern part of the Sino-Korean Plate experienced a period of intensive tectonic extension and breakup. 1. An abundance of sedimentary earthquake records is preserved in the Chuanlinggou, Tuanshanzi and Gaoyuzhuang formations in the Mesoproterozoic Changcheng System （1800-1400 Ma） and in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation of the Jixian System （1400-1000 Ma）. These earthquake records are characterized by various liquefied sand-veins, carbonate microspar and coarser spar veins, limestone dikes, liquefied breccia and various forms of liquefied contorted bedding. This deformation is always associated with synsedimentary faults and igneous activity. 2. Three liquefaction models for soft carbonate sediments are recognized, including liquefaction in laminated carbonate rocks, liquefaction in thin-bedded carbonates and large-scale liquefaction along huge carbonate dikes. 3. Based on the record of earthquake and volcanic activities, the Sino-Korean Plate experienced at least twice intraplate breakups. One occurred between 1800-1400 Ma, and the other occurred at about 1200 Ma. The last breakup resulted in formation of the Yan-Liao aulacogen, a tectonic zone characterized by deeper material vibrancy, active faults, major igneous activity and frequent earthquakes.     

The influence of slope gradient and gully channel on the run-out behavior of rockslide-debris flow: an analysis on the Verghereto landslide in Italy

Landslides - Rockslide-debris flow may cause catastrophic damages because of its high speed and long run-out distance. The influences of slope gradient and gully channel on the entrainment,...     

ICP-AES法测定金属硅中硼磷铝锰钙镁铁等28种微量和痕量元素

采用ICP-AES法对金属硅中的B、P、Al、Mn、Ca、Mg、Fe等28种微量和痕量元素进行分析。根据元素的化学性质制定预处理方法,优化ICP-AES光谱仪测试样品的最佳工作条件。在缺少金属硅标准物质的情况下,选择硅含量较高的国家一级岩石标准物质（GBW07106）进行试验,该标准物质的回收率在95.0%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差RSD在0.21%～4.01%之间。实际分析工作表明,该方法准确、快速,符合DZ/T 0130—2006的要求。     

磁法在云南武定地区铁铜矿勘查中的应用

矿产资源远景调查目的主要就是圈定找矿靶区及寻找隐伏矿体,磁法勘探对于寻找铁铜矿有较大的优势。在云南武定地区开展的1：5万磁法测量工作,共圈出了四个异常区块（A、B、C、D异常区）。在B异常区块进行1：1万高精度磁测,解析延拓显示位于该区块东南部的三度体异常具有深源性,规模较大,并出现较大的磁异常梯度带,且处于主控矿构造断裂带上,划定为该区域的重点勘探远景区。     

Hydro-mechanical experiments on suffusion under long-term large hydraulic heads

The long-term large hydraulic head in flood season is the main cause of suffusion failure or dam break, while the suffusion failure mechanism in this case has not been specially studied. First, a newly designed hydro-mechanical coupling suffusion apparatus was introduced. Second, two short-term suffusion experiments under different confining pressures were carried out to determine the suitable large hydraulic heads. Finally, four experiments on suffusion under long-term large hydraulic heads and different confining pressures were performed to investigate the influences of the long-term large hydraulic heads and the confining pressures on the evolution of suffusion. The results indicate that: (1) The signs of suffusion failure in the short-term experiments are the sudden decrease in hydraulic gradient and the sharp increase in eroded mass. While the flow rate in the long-term experiments appearing suffusion failures increases rapidly with the decrease in hydraulic gradient. (2) The suffusion failure in the long-term large hydraulic head experiment is more likely to happen and much more serious than that in the short-term experiment. The long-term large hydraulic head can reduce the suffusion failure hydraulic gradient significantly and increase the eroded mass dramatically. The results gained here provide a deeper understanding on the suffusion failure caused by the rapid increase in the high water level upstream the hydraulic earth structures in flood season.     

Spatio-temporal differentiation of spring phenology in China driven by temperatures and photoperiod from 1979 to 2018

Large amounts of data accumulated in ecology and related environmental sciences arouses urgent need to explore useful patterns and information in it. Here we propose coclustering-based methods and a temperatures-photoperiod driven phenological model to explore spatio-temporal differentiation in long-term spring phenology in China. First, we created the first bloom date(FBD) dataset in China from 1979 to 2018 using the extended spring indices and China Meteorological Forcing Dataset. Then we analyzed the dataset using Bregman block average co-clustering algorithm with I-divergence(BBAC_I) and kmeans algorithm. Such analysis delineated the spatially-continuous phenoregions in China for the first time. Results showed three spatial patterns of FBD in China and their temporal dynamics for 40 years(1979–2018). More specifically, overall late spring onsets occur in 1979–1996, in which areas located in Jiangxi, northern Xinjiang and middle Inner Mongolia experienced constant changing spring onsets. Overall increasingly earlier spring onsets occur in 1997–2012, in which areas located in Fujian,Hunan and eastern Heilongjiang experienced the most variable spring onsets. Stable early spring onsets over China occur after 2012. Results also showed 15 temporal patterns of spring phenology over the study period and their spatial delineation in China.More specifically, most areas in China have the same FBD category for 40 years while northern Guizhou, Hunan and southern Hubei have the same category in 1979–1997 and then fluctuate between different categories. Finally, our results have certain directive significance on the design of existing observational sites in Chinese Phenological Network.     

塔里木盆地西北缘露头区奥陶系古溶洞地质建模

塔里木盆地西北缘奥陶系大型古溶洞广泛出露,为古溶洞露头地质建模提供了优越的条件。综合野外资料和Google Earth影像分析,将大型古溶洞以形态结构特征为依据划分成管道—厅堂连通型溶洞、单一管道孤立型溶洞、流线型溶洞3种类型;以存在形式划分成单一溶洞和溶洞群。其中,管道—厅堂连通型溶洞以潜流带型为主,在平面上沿主方位通过岩溶管道连接厅堂分布,厅堂大小不等,在50～50000m³之间变化;单一管道孤立型溶洞以渗流带型为主,平面上呈现单一管道线条状;流线型溶洞分布在潜流带中,从剖面上看呈近圆形、椭圆形和豆荚状等多种形状,包括顺层和斜交地层2种类型。结合各露头剖面中构造、地层条件及发育溶洞类型,明确管道—厅堂联通型溶洞受不整合面控制,分布在三间房、五道班和西克尔剖面中;单一管道孤立型溶洞受断裂系统控制,分布在一间房和硫磺沟剖面中;流线型溶洞主要分布在西克尔剖面,沿溶蚀沟道两侧分布;多种不同因素的耦合控制了溶洞群的分布。以此建立了综合大型古溶洞特征及其控制因素的古溶洞发育概念地质模型,以溶洞群为主要体积计算单元,通过与塔北奥陶系串珠进行体积对比,明确了地质模型的油气勘探意义。     

A comparative study of landslide susceptibility mapping using weight of evidence,logistic regression and support vector machine and evaluated by SBAS-InSAR monitoring: Zhouqu to Wudu segment in Bailong River Basin,China

The determining of landslide-prone areas in mountainous terrain is essential for land planning and hazard mitigation. In this paper, a comparative study using three statistical models including weight of evidence model (WoE), logistic regression model (LR) and support vector machine method (SVM) was undertaken in the Zhouqu to Wudu segment in the Bailong River Basin, Southern Gansu, China. Six conditionally independent environmental factors, elevation, slope, aspect, distance from fault, lithology and settlement density, were selected as the explanatory variables that may contribute to landslide occurrence based on principal component analysis (PCA) and Chi-square test. The relation between landslide distributions and these variables was analyzed using the three models and the results then used to calculate the landslide susceptibility (LS). The performance of the models was then evaluated using both the highly accurate deformation signals produced by using the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar technique and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results show more deformation points in areas with high and very high LS levels, and also more stable points in areas with low and very low LS levels for the SVM model. In addition, the SVM has larger area under the ROC curve. It indicates that the SVM has better prediction accuracy and classified ability. For the interpretability, the WoE derives the class of factors that most contributed to landsliding in the study area, and the LR reveals that factors including elevation, settlement density and distance from fault played major roles in landslide occurrence and distribution, whereas the SVM cannot provide relative weights for the variables. The outperformed SVM could be employed to determine potential landslide zones in the study area. Outcome of this research would provide preliminary basis for general land planning such as choosing new urban areas and infrastructure construction in the future, as well as for landslide hazard mitigation in Bailong River Basin.     

Seismic Sequence in Carbonate Rocks By Vibrational Liquefaction1

Abstract On the basis of the records of strong seismic events taking place in soft carbonate sediments, a new seismic sequence system of vibrational liquefaction is established, which consists of a series of units, such as escaped structure of micrite veins and liquefied deformation formed in the period of seismic liquefaction, land subsidence structure after liquefaction, tsunamic hummocky and turbidite produced by seismic events, This sequence is a generalization and summation of field observation in vast areas, which shows the whole process of a strong seismic event and provides an unified theoretical explanation. The pattern of the seismic sequence by vibrational liquefaction provides one of correlation standards for geologists in the field to discriminate events in carbonate sequences. Based on the pattern of seismic sequence, the authors first advance a new conception of the Palaeo - Tanlu (Tancheng - Lujiang) Zone and discuss primarily its geological significations.