神经网络计算机及其在遥感应用中的展望

本文概述了神经网络计算机的基本特点、神经网络的形式化描述、目前国际上神经网络计算机的现况以及在遥感图像处理中应用的潜力和展望。     

一种基于卫星云图定量估计的三维显示方法

对卫星云图进行云地分离、云分类、云高估计等定量计算,并利用这些定量结果,用OpenGL进行三维建模,首先叠加地形,然后以混合的形式实现半透明与非透明云及全透明的地表区别显示,以云顶高估计结果作为云高,高程作为地面高度进行三角网格绘制,最终实现与实际云团基本相一致的三维云图。     

RLS-BP人工神经网络算法在降水预报中的应用

RLS—BP是一种新发展起来、自动设置网络主要参数和具有快速收敛能力的人工神经网络模型，用预报对象动态消空处理加以改进，应用于大连地区短中期降水MOS预报，实施了其预报效果与普通BP网络对比的试验。结果表明，改进后的新模型既提高了降水的预报精度，又有良好的计算稳定性．并且适合推广应用于气温、能见度等诸多气象要素的预报和预测问题。     

The differences of the size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) between urban and rural sites of Guangzhou, China

Size distribution aerosol samples collected at two urban locations (Liwan and Wushan) and a suburban location (Xinken) in Guangzhou (South China) in autumn using a MOUDI (Micro-orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor) have been analyzed for 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MS). Different PAH size distribution models were found for urban locations and a suburban location. The particle size distributions of PAHs tend to shift toward a larger size in a suburban location than in an urban location caused by aerosol aging processes. The ratios of total-PAH/TSP changed greatly during different sampling periods, even though the samplings were conducted consecutively. This can be the result of reactions between PAHs and atmospheric photooxidants, and the formation of SOAs (secondary organic aerosols) during the aging process. Adsorption behavior on available aerosol surface area, absorption behavior in available aerosol organic mass and multilayer adsorptive accumulation in coarse mode aerosols were the three mechanisms which control the size distribution of PAHs.     

HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS COLLECTED FROM DRAINAGES RECEIVING DIFFERENT ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Surface drainage sediments were collected, between January and April in 2005, from 6 sampling sites in Peninsular Malaysia suspected to have received different anthropogenic sources. These drainages included sites near a petrochemical plant, an electronic factory, a metal factory and 2 townships in addition to a relatively unpolluted site (a reference site). Based on the aqua-regia method, the metal concentrations for all the sampling sites except for the agricultural site (reference site) at Sg. Benut were between 60.92-1 019 μg/g dry weight for copper (Cu), 65.32-1 266.6μg/g dry weight for plumbum (Pb), 1.46-15.93 μg/g dry weight for cadmium (Cd), 330.10-484.14 μg/g dry weight for zinc (Zn) and 47.03-120.90 μg/g dry weight for nickel (Ni). All of these ranges were significantly (p< 0.05) higher than those (Cu: 8.77 μg/g; Pb: 57.42 μg/g; Cd: 0.96 μg/g; Zn: 68.21 μg/g; and Ni: 17.87 μg/g) of the reference site at Sg. Benut that only received agricultural disposal. The concentrations for the 5 metals from all the sites (except for the reference site) were higher than the Sediment Quality Values for Hong Kong by Chapman et al (1999) for the 5 metals. Based on the sequential extraction technique, 3 geochemical fractions [easily, freely leachable and exchangeable (EFLE), acid-reducible and oxidisable-organic] were also useful in identifying these polluted sites. The elevated metal concentrations found in the sediments might be related to point sources of industrial effluent and urban waste. Hence, the results emphasized the necessity for the treatment of effluents into this drainage area. As part of the effort to control illegal discharges and dumping into drainages, public awareness should be enhanced.     

2016年12月8日新疆呼图壁MS6.2地震震害调查分析

2016年12月8日,新疆呼图壁县发生6.2级地震,造成3人轻伤。地震灾区主要涉及昌吉回族自治州昌吉市、呼图壁县、玛纳斯县等市、县的共25个乡、镇（团场）及呼图壁县城、玛纳斯县城等城市的部分区域,灾区面积12450km2。本文在概述震区地震构造环境及地貌特点的基础上,依据《地震现场工作（第4部分）:灾害直接损失评估》等规范,介绍了各结构类型房屋和生命线系统的破坏情况及震区地震地质灾害的类型,分析表明此次地震直接经济损失以土木结构和砖木结构的破坏为主,安居富民工程在地震中起到了关键的减灾作用。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF CRUSTAL DEFORMATION RELATED TO Ms8.1 KUNLUNSHAN EARTHQUAKE

1　IntroductionTheBogedabanapexofKunlunmountainanditsneighborhoodregionlocatedattheboundaryofXinjiangandQinghaiprovinceswerehitbyaMs8.1earthquakeonNovember 1 4,2 0 0 1 .ThisisthestrongestearthquakewithmagnitudebiggerthanMs8.0inmainlandChinasinceacomparableearth quakehappenedinDangxiongofTibetonNovember1 8,1 95 1 .TheepicenterdeterminedbyChineseseismicnetworkislocatedatN36.2°,E90 .9°,40 0kilometersawayfromRuoqiangcountyofXinjiangprovinceand 35 0kilometersfromGolmudcityre spectively.Mea…     

昭通盆地茨营组沉积演化及聚煤规律研究

昭通盆地是云南省重要的褐煤产地。为了对区内褐煤资源进行客观评价,以野外地质调查和钻探成果为基础,通过对盆地的沉积相展布和区域地质背景分析,系统研究了盆地形成、演化过程和聚煤规律。研究结果表明:①盆地新近系茨营组广泛发育冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积体系、泥炭沼泽沉积体系和湖泊沉积体系;上新世早期盆地主体发育扇三角洲-半深湖-深湖沉积体系;上新世晚期发育泥炭沼泽-半深湖沉积体系;更新世早期发育半深湖-深湖沉积体系。②盆地经历了快速断陷期(上新世早期)、稳定坳陷期(上新世晚期)和稳定扩张期(更新世早期),形成了可采煤层M1、M2、M3,其中M1、M2煤层形成于湖平面相对上升泥炭沼泽,是盆地内分布最广泛的可采煤层,煤层M3主要分布于海子向斜。     

An individual cognitive evacuation behaviour model for agent-based simulation: a case study of a large outdoor event

Route selection is a complex issue in simulating the pedestrian’s walking behaviour during the evacuation. In many current studies, the agent-based model has been widely used to simulate the individualized behaviour, and growing concern is given to the cognitive aspects in route selection. However, the influence of incomplete spatial knowledge and the preferences for different routing strategies has not been fully considered. To represent more reliable route choice by different pedestrians, this study presents an individual cognitive evacuation behaviour model which is mainly focusing on the individual differences in routing strategy and spatial knowledge. The model consists of two major components, namely the multiple routing strategies and personalized spatial cognitive road network. Based on a review of the previous studies, the potential factors that may affect the evacuation behaviour were discussed. The quantitative relationships between these potential factors and the pedestrian’s routing preference, as well as the possibilities of recognizing different roads, were explored using the regression method. As a case study, the proposed model was implemented using the data collected from a field survey of a real outdoor event. When applied in an agent-based simulation, the implemented model will support more reliable simulation of route choices corresponding to the pedestrians’ behaviour in the real event.