重庆市实物地质资料管理工作中的难点与对策探讨

实物地质资料管理是自然资源主管部门和馆藏机构的一项法定工作职责。由于历史原因,重庆市自变为直辖市以来实物地质资料管理工作相对滞后,近年来实物地质资料筛选工作的分级开展,实物地质资料的种类和数量呈增长趋势,粗放式分散保管在地勘单位和野外工作现场的方式已不再适应新形势,亟需规范管理。本文主要论述了重庆市实物地质资料管理现状,阐述了在实物地质资料管理工作中急需解决的难点,提出了加强实物地质资料馆藏机构建设、理顺实物地质资料管理体系、落实实物地质资料管理专项资金以及编制重庆市实物地质资料收藏规划等相关对策,为推进重庆市实物地质资料管理工作提供参考。     

云南广南早泥盆世新发现文山鱼及相关地层问题讨论

迄今为止,纸厂文山鱼（Wenshanaspis zhichangensis Zhao,Zhu et Jia,2002）仅在文山古木地区发现唯一一件较为完整的头甲;笔者等通过全面系统的古生物化石调查,在云南文山广南珠街一带下泥盆统坡松冲组首次采获了一件较为完整的纸厂文山鱼化石标本,这一发现拓宽了纸厂文山鱼的分布范围,丰富了化石层段层序地层的研究,对早泥盆世古地理面貌恢复提供了有力的化石证据。通过与正型标本的对比,新发现一个连接眶上管与侧背管的椭圆形开孔,并对其功能作了分析讨论。     

低软化点防塌减阻剂研究及在复杂地层中的应用

为解决现有沥青类防塌剂软化点高及较低温度条件下润滑性差等问题,采用沥青及石油树脂等为主要原料,研制出软化点30℃~60℃可调的防塌减阻剂GFT。室内性能评价表明,GFT具有胶体稳定性好、软化点低、乳液粒径小及润滑能力强等特点,而且与冲洗液配伍性强,不会明显增加冲洗液的粘度,并能有效地降低冲洗液的滤失量。在淡水膨润土基浆中加入1%软化点为46℃的防塌减阻剂,基浆的润滑系数降低率达69%。经在山东及安徽等地多个复杂地层钻孔中现场应用,证明了防塌减阻剂GFT对松散破碎地层、见水易分散地层及硬碎地层具有良好的护壁效果,同时能较好地降低钻具扭矩及摩擦阻力。     

浮游有孔虫标准化壳体重量测试方法及在西太平洋的应用

使用标准化壳体重量法和传统壳体重量法分别对中国南海(South China Sea,简称SCS)站表层沉积物和MD06-3052岩心沉积物样品进行了测试,获得了浮游有孔虫种属Globigerinoides ruber(G. ruber)的标准化壳体重量和传统壳体重量.通过对SCS站表层沉积物中G. ruber标准化壳体重量与传统壳体重量的比较,认为在该海域使用标准化壳体重量替代性指标能够更好的排除壳体粒径的干扰.通过对MD06-3052岩心中G. ruber标准化壳体重量与南极Vostok冰心的CO₂浓度(pCO₂)曲线进行对比,认为标准化壳体重量方法能够较好的反映出表层海水[CO₃2-]的变化.标准化壳体重量方法快速简便,指示性好,在探讨晚更新世以来表层海水在全球碳循环的重要作用中,是一个很有潜力的指标.      

Influence of bare soil and cultivated land use types upstream of a bank gully on soil erosion rates and energy consumption for different gully erosion zones in the dry-hot valley region,Southwest China

This study assessed temporal variation in soil erosion rates in response to energy consumption of flow (ΔE). It employed an in situ bank gully field flume experiment with upstream catchment areas with bare (BLG) or cultivated land (CLG) that drained down to bare gully headcuts. Water discharge treatments ranged from 30 to 120 L Min⁻¹. Concentrated flow discharge clearly affected bank gully soil erosion rates. Excluding minimal discharge in the CLG upstream catchment area (30 L min⁻¹), a declining power function trend (p ≤ 0.1) was observed with time in soil erosion rates for both BLG and CLG upstream catchment areas and downstream gully beds. Non-steady state soil erosion rates were observed after an abrupt collapse along the headcut slope after prolonged scouring treatments. However, as the experiment progressed, ΔE and energy consumption of flow per unit soil loss (ΔEu) exhibited a logarithmic growth trend (p < 0.1) at each BLG and CLG position. Although similar temporal trends in soil erosion and infiltration rates were observed, values clearly differed between BLG and CLG upstream catchment areas. Furthermore, Darcy–Weisbach friction factor (f) values in the CLG upstream catchment area were higher than the corresponding BLG area. In contrast to the BLG upstream catchment area, lower ΔEu and higher soil erosion rates were observed in the CLG upstream catchment area as a result of soil disturbances. This indicated that intensive land use changes accelerate soil erosion rates in upstream catchment areas of bank gullies and increase soil sediment transport to downstream gullies. Accordingly, reducing tillage disturbances and increasing vegetation cover in upstream catchment areas of bank gullies are essential in the dry-hot valley region of Southwest China.

     

大兴安岭中北段塔尔气地区早白垩世白音高老组火山岩地球化学特征及意义

塔尔气地区早白垩世白音高老组火山岩主要由流纹岩、流纹质(含角砾)岩屑晶屑凝灰岩及流纹质岩屑晶屑凝灰熔岩等组成。岩石地球化学研究表明,火山岩具有富铝(Al2O3含量13.37%~15.79%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O含量6.10%~8.56%)、贫镁钙的特点;稀土元素丰度总量较高,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显[(La/Yb)N=3.72~17.9],且HREE有较明显的凹陷;微量元素以相对富集K、Rb、Ba、LREE等大离子亲石元素,而相对亏损Sr元素以及高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti为特征。结合前人研究结果表明,塔尔气地区白音高老组火山岩来源于基性下地壳物质的部分熔融。结合火山岩所具有的A型流纹岩的特点,暗示为伸展构造体制下的产物,可能与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合后的伸展环境有关。     

高光谱影像信息向量机分类

信息向量机是一种基于贝叶斯理论的稀疏高斯过程方法,其模型训练速度快、内存耗费小、稀疏性强,具有良好的预测性能。本文从高斯过程回归模型出发,提出了一种基于信息向量机的高光谱影像分类方法,针对高斯过程分类中的非高斯噪声模型,采用假定概率滤波算法将分类问题转化为回归问题,通过最大化边缘似然函数进行模型训练,选择活动子集中的信息向量数量达到了稀疏的目的。通过ROSIS影像试验,表明了基于信息向量机的高光谱影像分类方法的优势。     

湘东锡田地区太和仙金多金属矿找矿潜力分析

文章通过对太和仙金多金属矿区地层、构造、岩浆岩、矿体特征等的综合研究与分析,认为该矿区矿源层分布广泛,成矿构造条件优越,成矿序列明显,矿床属岩浆热液成因的破碎带蚀变岩型金多金属矿床,并以此为基础,建立了太和仙矿区破碎带蚀变岩型金多金属矿的成矿模式;重力异常特征、水系沉积物异常特征显示矿区处于隆起的热液活动区,下伏可能存在一隐伏岩体。推测太和仙矿区找矿潜力大,可作为寻找中大型以上规模金多金属矿床的有利地段。     

A Spatial Consistency Quality Control Method for Daily Surface Temperature Observations

A new spatial consistency quality control method (SRF) based on the spatial regression test (SRT) and random forest (RF) was adapted to identify potential outliers in daily surface temperature observations in this article. For the new method, the SRT method was used to filter the data and the RF method was used to conduct regression. To evaluate the performance of the quality control method, the SRF, SRT and RF methods were applied to a surface temperature dataset with seeded errors from different regions of China from 2005 to 2014. Compared to SRT and RF, the results indicate that the SRF method outperforms the other two methods for the most cases. And the results of the comparison led to the recommendation that the SRF method improves the regression accuracy of traditional spatial consistency quality control methods and reduces the runtime of random forest through data refinement.