PRIMARY ANALYSIS OF DROUGHT AND WATERLOGGING LAW IN NORTH CHINA

According to the drought and waterlogging disaster statistics over the last 30 years (1950-1979), the annual average area suffering from drought was about 300 million mu (1 mu= 1/ 15 ha) in the whole country, among which about 100 million mu were disastrous areas where the output reduced more than 30%. and the annual lost grains totalled about 5 billion kg. The waterlogging disaster was less than drought disaster. The area suffering from waterlogging was about 100 million mu, among which 60 million mu were disastrous. Drought and waterlogging disasters affect directly the development of the national economy. So it is important to study drought and waterlogging variations, especially the drought and waterlogging variation laws of the areas where the disasters frequently occur.The historical literatures and recent observation data reveal the fact that there existed drought and waterlogging variations. For example, the occurrence frequency of the outstanding and severe drought years in north China is highe     

The effects of temperature and substrate on ontogenetic behavior of bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus （T.et S.）

The effects of temperature and substrate on ontogenetic patterns and settlement behavior of bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus （T. et S.） were studied in a series of laboratory experiments. Analysis on stage-based data revealed that except for settlement, and compared to the substrate, the ambient temperature dominantly controlled the hatch success and subsequent development of the species. The oosperm optimum survival rate of 60% during hatching occurred at 20℃, and survival rate of 29%, at 18℃ for larval rearing. The survival rate of larvae reared under variable temperature of 3.5-4.5℃ was higher than that of those reared under stable temperature. The maximum survival rate of 29%, corresponded to variation at temperature of 4℃. With increase in age newly settled juveniles preferred to lie on the fine substrate and gradually moved on the coarse substrate. GLM （general linear model） analysis showed that the combination of temperature and substrate had no significant impact on the survival of settling larvae, but definitely affected the duration of settlement.     

2013年北京地区一次强对流降水天气成因分析

通过对2013年6月6日20时—7日20时北京地区出现的中到大雨、局地暴雨的天气过程的大尺度天气环流背景、物理量场、北京多普勒雷达产品和海淀风廓线探测数据、VDRAS反演物理量等多种资料详细分析,得出如下结论：1）本次过程500 hPa北京处于从河套以东至长江中下游地区的低槽槽前,温度槽落后于高度槽,地面处于东高西低的形势场中。2）北京处于850 hPa θse高能舌的前部,为对流性天气的出现提供了良好的能量条件。3）强回波在单点稳定少动或多个降水云团先后经过同一地区,造成该地区降水偏大。4）超低空急流加强,且风向由东南转为偏南,南风分量明显加大,有利于水汽的输送和辐合,有利于出现短时强降水。5）据VDRAS反演物理量场的分析,某地区较长时间处于扰动温度相对大值区（0.9～1.2 ℃）,与该区域降水较大相对应。强回波的合并与维持和其位于东南风和偏南风的辐合区中相关联。6）对EC、T639数值模式降水预报的检验表明,数值模式对明显大尺度系统影响的降水过程预报效果较好,EC对本次过程的预报能力优于T639。     

青海湖1.8万年以来甲藻Dinoflagellate群落变化及其古气候环境的指示意义

近年来,有学者通过古DNA方法成功地重建了海洋沉积记录中古微生物群落变化,并借此反演了当地古环境—气候变化。然而,此种方法对于陆地湖泊沉积记录是否适用仍然有待研究。采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR,Polymerase Chain Reaction)、变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE,Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis)与实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Q-PCR,Quantitative PCR)相结合的综合分析技术手段,系统研究青海湖5.8 m(时间跨度为~18 500 a)沉积柱中的甲藻(Dinoflagellate)多样性和丰度变化。研究结果显示,青海湖Dinoflagellate藻18S rRNA基因序列主要与海洋型藻类Woloszynskiahalophila和Scrippsiellahangoei相近(~98%序列相似性)。定量Q-PCR结果显示,每克沉积物含有dinoflagellate藻类18S rRNA基因丰度范围为2.27×10~3~8.55×10~6拷贝。另外,Dinoflagellate藻类18S rRNA基因丰度与总有机碳含量成显著正相关(R=0.408,p=0.0001)。对比分析揭示,较高的藻类丰度对应高总有机碳含量和较低的可溶解性盐电导率;反之,较低的藻类丰度对应较高的可溶解性盐电导率和较低的总有机碳含量。在青海湖区,总有机碳指示着季风降雨变化,并间接地指示着外源输入和湖泊营养状况变化,然而可溶性盐电导率则指示着湖泊盐度变化。综上所述,青海湖沉积柱Dinoflagellate藻类丰度可能反应了历史时期湖泊营养状况和盐度波动情况。     

新疆乌拉根铅锌矿赋矿岩层特征与成矿环境分析

乌拉根铅锌矿大地构造位于塔里木地台塔里木台坳西南坳陷的喀什凹陷内的乌拉根向斜东段,铅锌矿化体产于向斜南北翼及核部并受控于古近系古新统乌拉根组第一岩性段第二层中。矿化层主要为砂砾岩、含砾砂岩、砂岩及薄层泥岩,由25个粒序5个韵律层组成。各韵律层在向斜南北翼具可对比性但略有差异,铅锌矿体主要产于砂砾岩交互产出的韵律层中,反映矿体形成于相对高能动荡环境。含矿岩层岩石地球化学特征显示碎屑物源为长英质火成岩及石英岩沉积物,形成于大洋衰减-闭合期板块活动大陆边缘及大陆岛弧环境,因此推断矿床形成于浅海三角洲-滨海相。     

Effects of drought stress on agriculture soil

Natural Hazards - Droughts often affect the soil ecosystem directly. To address this question, a series of prototype observation experiments were designed in this study. The objective of this study...     

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Metals in lacustrine sediment have both anthropogenic and natural sources. Because of intensified human activities, the anthropogenic input of metal elements has exceeded the natural variability. How to distinguish the anthropogenic sources in lake sediments is one of the tasks in environmental management. The authors present a case study, which combined the geochemical and statistical methods to distinguish the anthropogenic sources from the natural background. A 56 cm core (core DJ-5) was collected from Dongjiu Lake, Taihu Lake catchment, China. The concentration distributions of Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V and Zn in core DJ-5 indicated that Dongjiu Lake had serious Cd pollution, and the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn had also exceeded the Chinese State Standards of Soil Environmental Quality in the upper layer of the core. Using Al as a reference element, the other metals were normalized and compared with their baselines to calculate the enrichment factors (EFs). The principal component analysis (PCA) of metal concentrations was performed using ViSta6.4. The results of EFs and PCA indicated that the concentration variations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn were mainly caused by the anthropogenic sources, and the concentration variations of Cr and Ni were influenced by both the anthropogenic and natural factors, while the other metals were mainly derived from the natural sources. Intensified human activities within the lake catchment area resulted in the increase of heavy metal inputs directly and the acceleration of erosion which caused other metal elements to deposit in the aquatic environment. The results of this work will be useful in probing changes forced by humans in the lake environment and in adjusting human activity in restoring the lake environment.

威宁地区下石炭统祥摆组：一个潜在的薄互层煤系气新层系

水页1井未压裂煤系高产气流的偶然发现,昭示黔西北威宁及其邻区下石炭统祥摆组可能成为我国西南局部地区煤系气勘查新层系。然而,该区祥摆组前期煤系气地质调查有限,关于资源条件和前景区的认识存在一定差异,且对煤系特点考虑不足。鉴于此,基于近期地质调查进展,结合前人基础地质研究成果,探讨了威宁及其邻区祥摆组煤系气地质条件和勘查前景。结果显示,威宁地区祥摆组是一套典型的薄互层煤系,下段潮坪—潟湖相煤系气显示强烈,但煤系储层总体上具有低孔特低渗的特征。单井研究发现,随埋深加大,祥摆组储层吸附气含量存在一个“临界深度”,一旦超过该深度,煤系页岩吸附甲烷含量快速增高,煤层吸附甲烷含量开始降低但其游离气含量可能增大,导致总含气量可能明显增大。综合分析认为,威宁地区祥摆组在埋深大于1500 m之后可能具有综合开发价值,龙街、羊场、海改地、二都、天星洞、玉龙6个深向斜是下一步勘查的重点构造单元,往东可扩展到黔西地区格目底、晴隆、朗岱等较大规模深向斜构造。同时,逆冲推覆构造对祥摆组煤系气保存条件的影响值得高度关注。基于上述分析,提出了落实祥摆组煤系气勘查战略选区的5条原则性建议。     

基于语句模板的遥感影像地物空间关系语义理解

空间关系作为连接地物目标的纽带,是遥感影像语义理解的重要内容.基于编码-解码模型的图像字幕网络能使用自然语言对目标间的空间关系进行表达,但其结构复杂,且需要为训练RNN提供大量语料样本,生成的空间关系描述语句准确率不高.因此,文中提出基于语句模板的遥感影像地物空间关系语义理解方法,该方法的模型结构简单,不需要大量语料样本进行训练,且能生成合理的空间关系描述语句.实验结果表明,该方法生成的描述语句相比编码-解码模型,定量评价的分数相近,定性评价的准确率高约30％,且该方法泛化性能较好,能应用于不同领域的遥感影像中,为遥感影像添加语义信息.