用单台Z／H法研究陕西地区深部电导率

利用陕西地磁台站的磁静日资料和单台Ｚ／Ｈ磁测深法研究了陕西地区深部电导率状况。多年和多台的平均结果为：陕西地区电磁感应比例尺度Ｃｒ１约９００ｋｍ，高于磁场梯度法测定的华北地区结果，但接近单台Ｚ／Ｈ法测定的兰州地区值；Ｃｒ２为５００ｋｍ，和华北地区的结果接近；Ｃｉ－Ｔ曲线高于华北地区值；内外场之比｜Ｑ１｜、｜Ｑ２｜、｜Ｑ３｜约为０．４，和全球平均结果一致；σ＊－ｈ１曲线显示在２５０ｋｍ附近有一高电导层。     

地质雷达在湖南邵阳金江水库坝体隐患探测中的应用研究

在金江水库坝体隐患探测中,使用地质雷达发现坝体的主要隐患来自坝体基岩的溶洞和因断裂、裂隙等渗漏通道在残坡积土层中所成的土洞。水库水位浸润线标高和残坡积土与基岩接触界面标高较接近,而使此高程的防渗能力更加薄弱,这也是此坝体的隐患之一。同时,根据地质雷达影像特征可探测灌浆工程的灌浆深度和水泥浆扩散半径,提出它可作为水利部门堤坝灌浆工程质量无损检测的一种新的技术手段。     

隧道下穿既有结构物引起的地表沉降控制标准研究

解决好隧道下穿既有结构物引起的地表沉降问题,对城市地下交通和高速铁路的建设具有重要的意义.在调研国内大量隧道下穿开挖引起的地表沉降控制标准和方法的基础上,根据隧道下穿公路、铁路、隧道和建筑物时引起的地表沉降的不同特点,结合隧道的施工、开挖面积、埋深和工程地质条件等因素,对隧道下穿不同的结构物提出不同的控制沉降措施和建议...     

粘土矿物对有机质生烃的催化作用

烃源岩的有机质主要以有机粘土复合体的形式存在。有机质生烃是一种有机粘土化学反应。反应过程中,有机质与粘土之间存在质子和电子迁移,粘土通过对水分子的吸附和离解为有机质加氢裂解提供H+,而有机质生成的有机酸激活了粘土的催化活性,也为蒙皂石伊利石化反应创造了条件。烃源岩不同粘土矿物的选择性催化特征是影响油气组成的最重要因素。粘土的催化活性大小和发育时间是决定烃源岩生烃潜力大小的因素。由于烃源岩在蒙皂石伊利石化阶段具有最大的催化活性,而且与有机质生烃反应同步,因此富含伊$蒙混合层的烃源岩是世界含油气盆地的最有利烃源岩。不同地质时期的烃类地质储量与烃源岩膨胀性粘土的丰度有密切关系。     

DME/TACAN interference mitigation for GNSS: algorithms and flight test results

The Galileo E5a/E5b signals and the Global Positioning System (GPS) L5 signal lie within the aeronautical radionavigation services (ARNS) band. They suffer interference from the services in this frequency band, in particular, pulsed signals from distance measuring equipment (DME) and tactical air navigation (TACAN) systems. To maintain system accuracy and integrity, interference mitigation is beneficial and necessary. We first present the real DME/TACAN environment at Stanford, CA as an example to illustrate the need for mitigating DME/TACAN interference. We then propose a time and frequency joint mitigation algorithm—Hybrid Blanking and its simplified version, frequency domain adaptive filtering (FDAF) for hardware implementation. Finally, a flight measurements campaign was performed over a European DME/TACAN hotspot near Frankfurt, Germany, to record a worst-case DME interference environment. Recorded data from the flight tests mixed with injected GNSS signals verify the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation algorithm.     

Full-scale linear cutting test in Chongqing Sandstone and the comparison with field TBM excavation performance

In this study, determination of some machine parameters and performance prediction for tunnel boring machine (TBM) are conducted based on laboratory rock cutting test. Firstly, laboratory full-scale linear cutting test is carried out using 432-mm CCS (constant cross section) disc cutter in Chongqing Sandstone. Then, the input parameters for TBM cutterhead design are extracted; some TBM specifications are determined and then compared to the manufactured values. Finally, laboratory full-scale linear cutting test results are compared with the field TBM excavation performance data collected in Chongqing Yangtze River Tunnel. Results show that laboratory full-scale linear cutting test results, combined with some engineering considerations, can be used for the preliminary and rough design of TBM machine capacity. Meanwhile, combined with some modification factors, it can also well predict the field TBM excavation performance.

     

陕西及其邻近地区地磁短周期异常和上地幔高导层的初步研究

近年来,随着对地震孕育背景和上地幔地球物理特性的研究,人们日益注意用地磁短周期异常来研究地壳和上地幔的电性结构。在我国继陈伯舫提出渤海地区西部地磁短周期异常并推测其下存在电导率异常后,徐文耀等人分析了甘肃东部的地磁短周期异常,也提出该区存在一东西向高导带。最近,祁贵仲等人利用渤海地区25个台站的地磁资料,进一     

陕西地区单台Z／H地磁测深研究

应用陕西地磁台网Ｓｑ资料和单台Ｚ／Ｈ地磁测深法对陕西地区地下电导率分布进行了研究，结果表明，理想代换导体视探ｈ约为５００ＫＭ，电导率σ为０．０７ｓ／ｍ（周期为１２小时），且存在２５０ＫＭ和７００ＫＭ深度附近的高导层，感应比例尺度实部Ｃ＾１ｒｅａｌ和Ｃ＾２ｒｅａｌ及内外场之比│Ｑ＾１│和│Ｑ＾２│似有１１年周期变化。各台测定的结果相当接近，和其他方法测定的范围结果基本一致。用冬夏季静日均值结果较春秋     

On shear-wave splitting in the Los Angeles basin

Three-component seismograms at the three USC stations, PVP, GFP and DHB, have been examined. Most earthquakes, with magnitudes ranging from 1.4 to 5.0, within a period from 1985 to 1988, show evidence of shear-wave splitting. The preferred polarization of the first split-shear wave arrivals at PVP is nearly in N-S which is consistent with both regional maximum horizontal compressive stress direction and local subsurface fault strike, showing that shear-wave splitting is caused by liquid-filled cracks or fractures associated with the N-S faulting. The polarizations of first shear wave arrivals at GFP are roughly divided into two almost perpendicular directions, ENE-WSW and NNW-SSE, which are parallel or perpendicular to the strike of the geology or topography near the station. Because GFP is near the foothills of Santa Monica Mountains, the shear-wave arrivals may be disturbed by topographic irregularities and by subsurface dipping interfaces. Two examples at DHB clearly display shear-wave splitting. Their polarizations of shear wave are in the direction of N-S, which agree with the fragmentary surface and fracturing direction there. From some relatively reliable delay times, the crack densities at three stations are given, that is, 0.025 at PVP, 0.020 at GFP and 0.045 at DGB. No systematic change of shear-wave polarization is discovered in this study.     

Comparison and correlation between the laboratory,semi-theoretical and empirical methods in predicting the field excavation performance of tunnel boring machine (TBM)

Acta Geotechnica - Many methods have been proposed to predict the field excavation performance of tunnel boring machine (TBM). They can usually predict the general trends of the field rock cutting...