SIFT和SVD相结合的GF-2影像感知哈希算法

为解决GF-2影像在传输、存储及实际使用中面临的局部篡改问题,本文提出了一种用于GF-2影像完整性认证的感知哈希算法。首先采用固定分块的方式,将整幅影像分割成多个子块,运用SIFT算子提取子块的关键点特征信息;然后采用SVD方法提取SIFT关键点特征信息的特征值,选取其中较大的10%特征值构建子块的感知哈希序列;最后串联所有子块的感知哈希序列生成整幅影像的感知哈希值。在影像认证过程中,通过计算原始影像与待认证影像的感知哈希值的差异,从而实现对影像内容的认证。试验表明,该算法能够实现GF-2影像中地物篡改的检测与定位,同时对LSB水印嵌入、DAT格式转换及BMP格式转换等内容保持操作具有良好的稳健性,为GF-2影像的安全使用提供保障。     

从激光点云中提取古建筑线性和圆形特征的比较

对古建筑激光扫描点云进行分割、识别,并利用Hough变换和最小二乘法从点云中提取直线和圆,取得了较满意的结果。对两种算法的提取效果进行了比较。     

对流温度的数值计算及热力对流云预报应用

对流温度(Tc)可用于估计局地热对流发展的可能性,但在实际业务中囿于有限的探空时次和诸多前提假设,其实用性受到限制.针对此问题,首先给出Tc的一种数值计算方案,进而提出基于模式探空制作热力对流云预报的思路,即:利用数值预报输出的2 m露点温度、地表气压和等压面温度计算各预报时刻的Tc,结合2 m高度气温(T2 m),构...     

Endogenous viral elements in algal genomes

Endogenous viral elements （EVEs） are host-genomic fragments originated from viral genomes. They have been found universally in animal and plant genomes. Here we carried out a systematic screening and analy-sis of EVEs in algal genomes and found that EVEs commonly exist in algal genomes. We classified the EVE fragments into three categories according to the length of EVE fragments. Due to the probability of sequence similarity by chance, we ignored the potential function of medium-length EVE fragments. However, long-length EVE fragments probably had capability to encode protein domains or even entire proteins, and some short-length EVE fragments had high similarity with host＇s siRNA sequences and possibly served functions of small RNAs. Therefore, short and long EVE fragments might provide regulomic and proteomic novelty to the host＇s metabolism and adaptation. We also found several EVE fragments shared by more than 3 algal genomes. By phylogenetic analysis of the shared EVEs and their corresponding species, we found that the integration of viral fragments into host genomes was an ancient event, possibly before the divergence of Chlorophytes and Ochrophytes. Our findings show that there is a frequent genetic flow from viruses to algal genomes. Moreover, study on algal EVEs shed light on the virus-host interaction in large timescale and could also help us understand the balance of marine ecosystems.     

天文古气候理论及其进展—从米兰柯维奇到贝尔杰

扼要介绍了天文古气候学的创立和发展简史。太阳是地球大气运动的第一驱动力，地球气候的长期演变在很大程度上受到入射太阳辐射变化的影响。入射太阳辐的变化主要和三个地球轨道参数有关，即地球绕太阳运行的椭圆轨道偏心率，地球自转轴倾角及岁差。太阳辐射的长期振荡主要集中在与这三个参数有关的频率上，这些频率通常被称为米兰柯维奇频率，数值模拟和地学记录都证实地质时间尺度的古气候的演化大多位于米兰柯维奇频率带上。     

区域生态服务价值约束的可持续经济规模量化方法构建

The article conducts a research through theoretical carding, framework construction, and calculation path selection, and concludes that the contribution of ecosystems to human activities mainly comes from the ecological service function. Therefore, based on the relationship between the natural capital stock and flow, ecological services value (ESV for short) or eco-exergy services value (EEV) reflects the output capacity of ecological services. Regional ecological services value is connected to GDP through property ownership and main pressure sources. GDP or the ecological services value reflects the pressure of man-made capital on natural capital. The article attempts to use the ecological services value, eco-exergy services value, and GDP to construct the ecological service output capacity index (R) and pressure index (U), and by introducing the decoupling theory, it proposes a method to “return” the re-coupling GDP to a decoupling state and calculate the sustainable economic scale. It takes Ningdong Energy-Chemical Industry Base in Ningxia as the subject, and has three findings. Firstly, from 2007 to 2017, the economic development and ecological services were in a re-coupling state and the sustainable economic scale was 2.33×10⁹ to 64.3×10⁹ yuan, which was significantly lower than the total industrial output value in the corresponding year. Although the base deploys protection during construction, the R index began to decline after 2015, and there exists a risk of degradation. Secondly, the method uses the “declining turning point” of the R index to mark the bottom line, and attempts to put forward a quantitative method of regional sustainable economic scale from the perspective of the internal generation principle of the ecological contribution of capital value, which is helpful to the analysis method of reasonable population size, green GDP and ecological compensation. Thirdly, combined with the decoupling theory, the method can analyze the boundary of economic scale under regional ecological constraints, which has certain application value to enrich evaluations methods on sustainability.     

中国降水回归模型设计策略与回报检验

利用中国160站降水记录及欧洲中心ERA-Interim再分析数据等构建了16种线性回归降水预测模型,包括“站点”降水直接/间接预测模型（间接模型是指先预测东亚季风指数,再以此估计站点降水）, 以及“区域-站点”降水直接/间接预测模型,即先预测一个区域的降水再分配到站点。此外,还构建了所有模型集合的降水预测模型。预报因子包括两种ENSO指数、北大西洋涛动（NAO）指数和青藏高原积雪深度等4个因子。模型亦分为3因子和4因子（包括积雪因子）组及对降水取/不取对数组等前处理。2005—2016年的回报试验表明,“站点”模型优于“区域-站点”模型,对降水取对数模型优于不取对数模型。另外,“站点”模型组中的间接降水预测模型优于直接模型,但“区域-站点”组却相反。ERA-Interim积雪深度资料不确定性带来的偏差超过该因子对降水预测的贡献。平均PS评分最高的是3因子的直接站点降水取对数模型（MDS-3Ln）,平均达到71分,高于集合模型（MEM）得分。这些结果表明,线性回归降水模型的设计理念与实际预测效果可能并不一致,其原因是因子的选取或数学处理过程会引入新的不确定性或偏差,必须综合评估各种设计方案的“成本-效益”关系。     

2009年4月19日阿合奇Ms5.5级地震的前兆异常初步分析

2009年4月19日在新疆阿图什市阿合奇县（41.1°N,78.3°E）发生了Ms5.5级地震。此次地震前,阿合奇台地倾斜资料、乌什台水管倾斜资料和二氧化碳、巴楚台地应力均出现了明显的震前异常。趋势异常表现为年变畸变;短临异常表现在矢量加速和减速。     

Influence of the Moho surface distribution on the oil and gas basins in China seas and adjacent areas

Owing to the strategic significance of national oil and gas resources, their exploration and production must be prioritized in China. Oil and gas resources are closely related to deep crustal structures, and Moho characteristics influence oil and gas distribution. Therefore, it is important to study the relationship between the variation of the Moho surface depth undulation and hydrocarbon basins for the future prediction of their locations. The Moho depth in the study area can be inverted using the Moho depth control information, the Moho gravity anomaly, and the variable density distribution calculated by the infinite plate. Based on these results, the influences of Moho characteristics on petroleum basins were studied. We found that the Moho surface depth undulation deviation and crustal thickness undulation deviation in the hydrocarbon-rich basins are large, and the horizontal gradient deviation of the Moho surface shows a positive linear relationship with oil and gas resources in the basin. The oil-bearing mechanism of the Moho basin is further discussed herein. The Moho uplift area and the slope zone correspond to the distribution of oil and gas fields. The tensile stress produced by the Moho uplift can form tensile fractures or cause tensile fractures on the surface, further developing into a fault or depression basin that receives deposits. The organic matter can become oil and natural gas under suitable chemical and structural conditions. Under the action of groundwater or other dynamic forces, oil and natural gas are gradually transported to the uplift or the buried hill in the depression zone, and oil and gas fields are formed under the condition of good caprock. The research results can provide new insights into the relationship between deep structures and oil and gas basins as well as assist in the strategic planning of oil and gas exploration activities.     

关于大气涡动热通量参数化问题研究

用NCEP/NCAR等再分析资料计算和分析表明,月平均瞬变涡动热通量和月平均温度梯度的局域相关性很低,甚至在一些纬度是负相关,更严重的是二者之间存在非线性的多值对应函数关系.如果用非局域参数化,参数化水平将有所提高,但改进并不明显.通过与分子运动论输运理论进行数学、特别是物理类比提出了考虑"风暴路径"效应的瞬变涡动热通量的参数化方案,经再分析资料的检验,结果表明它能大大提高参数化的水平.其次,还证实采用空间非局域参数化仍然是进一步提高瞬变涡动热通量参数化水平的方法之一.此外,资料分析显示中高纬度纬向平均温度梯度和纬偏涡动温度通量之间也存在负相关及多值函数关系,说明仅用温度梯度去参数化纬向平均涡动热通量难以得到好的结果,需要考虑多元参数化或非同步参数化等.