Integrated gravity and magnetic study on patterns of petroleum basin occurrence in the China seas and adjacent areas

The China seas and adjacent areas contain numerous petroleum basins. One of the main challenges for future oil and gas exploration is to identify the inherent patterns of petroleum basin distribution. The formation and evolution of petroleum basins along with the migration and accumulation of oil and gas are often closely related to the tectonic environment. The gravity and magnetic fields with high lateral resolution and wide coverage provide important data for regional tectonic research. Based on the gravity data in the Global Satellite Gravity Anomaly Database (V31.1) and magnetic data from the Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (2-arc-minute resolution) (V2), this study uses integrated gravity and magnetic field technique to obtain integrated gravity and magnetic field result for the China seas and adjacent areas, and then adopts the normalized vertical derivative of the total horizontal derivative technique to conduct partition. Finally, it identifies the relationship between the partition characteristics and tectonics as well as the patterns of petroleum basin occurrence. The research shows that the partition of gravity and magnetic field integrated result has a good correlation with the Neo-Cathaysian tectonic system and tectonic units. The petroleum basins are characterized according to three blocks arranged from north to south and four zones arranged from east to west. The north?south block structure causes the uneven distribution of oil and gas resources in the mainland area and the differences in the hydrocarbon-bearing strata. Petroleum basins are more abundant in the north than in the south. The ages of the main oil- and gas-bearing strata are “Paleozoic–Mesozoic, Paleozoic–Mesozoic–Cenozoic, and Paleozoic–Mesozoic”, in order from north to south. The difference in the overall type of oil and gas resources in all basins is controlled by the east–west zonation. From east to west, the oil and gas resource type exhibits a wave-like pattern of “oil and gas, gas, oil and gas, gas”. The vertical distribution is characterized by an upper oil (Mesozoic–Cenozoic) and lower gas (Mesozoic–Paleozoic) structure. Within the study area, the Paleozoic marine strata should be the main strata of future natural gas exploration.     

乌鲁木齐地震台地电阻率异常变化特征的初步研究

初步分析乌鲁木齐地区1 990年后发生的9个地震前后地电阻率的变化特征,发现:地电阻率观测值曲线在地震前几个月开始下降.用月距平法分析消除地下水位、温度、气压和降雨对地电阻率的影响,对其前兆异常加以验证,可见震前短临异常变化明显.     

节理控制的降雨入渗通道对黄土开挖边坡稳定性的影响

黄土节理控制着黄土开挖边坡地表径流的主要入渗通道,在降雨作用下黄土节理将逐步发育成大的入渗通道,加剧了黄土开挖边坡的破坏.通过野外现场地质调查,统计黄土开挖边坡的节理裂隙、入渗贯穿通道分布状况,得出不同开挖边坡高度的入渗通道间距与开挖边坡高度高斯拟合关系式;根据入渗通道分布关系式,概化建立降雨入渗通道的演化数值分析模型,利用岩土工程软件Flac3D模拟分析山西忻州河曲运煤大道黄土开挖边坡在降雨状况下入渗通道发育过程,分析了40mm/d、80mm/d、120mm/d三种降雨工况下降雨24h的入渗通道演化过程及开挖边坡破坏程度,以及降雨对黄土开挖边坡的影响;指出在降雨作用下入渗通道在坡高60m左右破坏严重,坡高高于此高度应注意入渗通道的剧烈扩展并加以防治.借用野外统计、调查结果概化建立入渗通道扩展演化数值模型,可以为工程地质条件相同黄土开挖边坡地区降雨作用下稳定破坏分析以及防治提供一种有效分析方法.     

基于气象监测网络的森林火险快速预警模型

森林火灾发生频繁且突发性强,进行森林火险快速预警对于减小森林火灾损失和促进森林资源可持续发展至关重要。本文基于GIS空间分析和可视化技术,利用地面气象站构建实时气象监测网络,设计了运用气象监测网络的森林火险预警模型,可实现森林火险及时、快速预警。模型应用层次分析法建立了预警因子重要性层次结构并确定预警因子的权重;运用Voronoi图技术,基于气象站点和实时气象数据,构建气象监测网络;利用叠置分析技术计算得出预警结果。基于该模型设计的森林火灾快速预警系统应用于青海省林业局,验证了系统可行性与适用性,该模型可全面、准确、快速地实现对森林火险的预警。结果表明：① 根据预警模型及实时气象监测数据,可及时发出预警信号,快速实现县级、林场级别的森林火险早期预警和及时响应;② 运用GIS可视化技术,可快速生成相关区域森林火险的空间分布专题图,直观地观察预警等级的变化情况。实践表明,森林火险快速预警对森林火灾进行有效预防、中断管理和制定扑救措施具有重要的指导作用,并对森林防火工作、保护森林资源和人类生命财产安全具有重大意义。     

近年我国矿产勘查重大成果特征与分析

2010~2014年,我国矿产资源重要勘查成果不断涌现。为开展矿产勘查进展长期动态跟踪与成果集成,进一步服务十三五全国矿产勘查规划部署,笔者依托原中国地质调查局发展研究中心承担的地质调查项目,以我国21个重点成矿区带和铁、铜、铝等14类重要矿种的勘查进展为研究对象,分析了勘查成果特征,开展了成果概况、分布区域、探获资源量、加权平均品位等多方面综合评价。     

Effects of NOxand VOCs from Five Emission Sources on Summer Surface O3 over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

The impacts of emissions from industry,power plant,transportation,residential,and biogenic sources on daily maximum surface ozone （O3DM） over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei （BTH） region in North China in the summer of 2007 were examined in a modeling study.The modeling system consisted of the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model and the photochemical dispersion model,CAMx.The factor separation technique （FST） was used to quantify the effect of individual emission source types and the synergistic interactions among two or more types.Additionally,the effectiveness of emission reduction scenarios was explored.The industry,power plant,and transportation emission source types were found to be the most important in terms of their individual effects on O3DM.The key contributor to high surface O3 was power plant emissions,with a peak individual effect of 40 ppbv in the southwestern BTH area.The individual effect from the biogenic emission category was quite low.The synergistic effects from the combinations of each pair of anthropogenic emission types suppressed O3 formation,while the synergistic effects for combinations of three were favorable for O3 formation when the industrial and power plant emission source types coexisted.The quadruple synergistic effects were positive only with the combination of power plant,transportation,residential,and biogenic sources,while the quintuple synergistic effect showed only minor impacts on O3DM concentrations.A 30％ reduction in industrial and transportation sources produced the most effective impacts on O3 concentrations,with a maximum decrease of 20 ppbv.These results suggested that the synergistic impacts among emission source types should be considered when formulating emission control strategies for O3 reduction.     

POM模式边界条件的数值试验及其在环台湾岛海域风生流模拟中的应用

通过一个数值试验，对运用POM模式做风生流模拟时边界条件的选取方案做了初步的讨论。试验表明，POM“外模式”采用辐射边条件、“内模式”采用辐射方案的改进形式是一种可行的方法：如果用水位作为控制条件，也可以使用辐射边条件。文章同时给出了环台湾岛海域冬、夏风季生流的模拟结果。     

Study on System of Faults in the Gulf of Mexico and Adjacent Region based on Gravity Data

In the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent landmasses,faults are very complex,and their distribution is closely related to plate tectonics,ocean-land boundary,and former structure.The plane position of the faults can be identified by the maximum characteristic of the vertical derivative of the normalized vertical derivative of the total horizontal derivative(NVDR-THDR)of the Bouguer gravity anomaly.The apparent depth of the faults is inverted by the Bouguer gravity anomaly curvature property.Based on tectonic evolutionary processes and the plane distribution and apparent depth characteristics of the faults,a complete fault system for the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent areas has been established,including 102 faults.The apparent depths of 33 first-class faults are 16-20 km and for 69 second-class faults are 12-16 km.The F_1-2and F_1-3subduction fault zones are two caused by the subduction of the Cocos Plate into the old Yucatan and Chorti landmasses;F_1-11and F_1-12fault zones extend westward to the coast of Guatemala and do not extend into the continent;F_1-17and F_1-20faults,which control the boundary of the oceanic crust,do not extend southward into the continent.The fault system,which radiates in a"fan-shaped"structure as a whole,unfolds to the northeast.Faults of different nature and sizes are distributed in the Cocos Plate subduction zone,Continental,Gulf of Mexico,Yucatan old landmass and Caribbean Plate in NW,NNW,NS,NE and NEE directions.In the Gulf of Mexico region,the fault system is a comprehensive reflection of former tectonic movements,such as plate movement,drift of old landmasses and expansion of oceanic crusts.The first-class faults control the plate and ocean-continental boundaries.The second-class faults are subordinate to the first-class faults or related to the distribution of different sedimentary layers.