富有机质页岩有机质孔隙度研究——以黔西北下志留统五峰—龙马溪组为例

黔西北下志留统五峰—龙马溪组是我国南方海相页岩气勘探的重要目的层,其孔隙类型除了与常规储层相似的粒间孔、粒内孔、溶蚀孔等孔隙外,还发育了大量的有机质孔。近年来,越来越多的研究发现,页岩气储层中有机质孔占有十分重要的地位。本次研究中发现页岩岩石样品中占主要体积的孔隙类型是中孔(2 nm～50 nm)占比44.16%～82.39%,其次是微孔(<2 nm)占比8.57%～41.23%,宏孔(>50 nm)最少,占比4.02%～16.41%;从场发射扫描电子显微镜照片中可以看出,许多宏孔、中孔有明显的挤压变形现象,说明岩石经历了较长时间的压实作用,并可能伴随着部分孔隙被其他矿物充填的过程。由回归分析可以看出:总有机碳(TOC)含量强烈影响微孔和中孔的发育和演化,尤其是对中孔的影响明显,TOC与这两种孔隙体积之间都存在着明显的正相关关系;石英对中孔发育有一定影响,但不如前者明显,同时石英与微孔之间存在一定的负相关关系;黏土矿物与中孔发育之间存在负相关关系;Ro与微孔、中孔占总孔隙体积的百分比有着良好的正相关关系,而与宏孔占总孔隙百分比有着良好的负相关关系。     

塔里木盆地深层走滑断层分段特征及对油气富集的控制:以塔北地区哈拉哈塘油田奥陶系走滑断层为例

塔里木盆地奥陶系走滑断层是发育在克拉通内部稳定区的小滑移距走滑断层,对于深部储层形成与油气富集具有重要的控制作用。基于哈拉哈塘油田4 140 km2三维地震资料,在高精度相干切片提取与地震精细解释基础上,对研究区奥陶系走滑断层进行了分段研究并讨论了分段性对于储层发育与油气富集的控制作用。结果表明：(1)哈拉哈塘油田奥陶系走滑断层整体格局为由北东、北西向断层组成的纯剪机制下形成的共轭走滑断层,单条走滑断层的构造特征符合Riedel剪切模型,主干断层周围主要发育R剪切分支断层。(2)根据走滑断层不同部位构造样式、应力状态的差异,建立了小滑移距走滑断层分段发育模式。走滑断层端部为应力发散区,多表现为马尾状构造,可分为伸展型和挤压型马尾状构造。走滑断层内部由线性段、斜列叠覆段、分支断层段、辫状构造段组合而成。线性段呈线性延伸,剖面上为孤立的高陡直立断层。斜列叠覆段分为拉张型叠覆段和挤压型叠覆段,其类型受控于次级断层旋向与阶步的关系。分支断层段多为斜交压扭样式,羽状断层发育较少。辫状构造段内部断垒与断堑交错发育,划分为张扭段、压扭段。(3)不同段具有不同的储层发育特征。马尾状构造段、斜列叠覆段、辫状构造段储层最为发育,分支断层段储层较为发育,线性段储层相对不发育。(4)综合储层发育位置、油源断裂与分支断层配置关系、局部构造高3方面因素,建立了6类与走滑断层相关的油气富集模式。R剪切分支断层与主干断层夹持部位、压扭段内部、马尾状分支断层高部位是北部潜山顺层岩溶区最为发育的3种油藏富集模式;压扭段内部、张扭段是南部断控岩溶区油气更富集的部位。论文成果认识对于完善克拉通盆地稳定区小滑移距走滑断层分段发育规律具有重要的理论意义,对于受控于走滑断层的岩溶缝洞型油气藏的勘探开发具有一定的生产指导意义。     

Study of the effect of temperature on microbially induced carbonate precipitation

Acta Geotechnica - Temperature is a key factor that contributes to microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation. At low temperatures, low enzyme activity results in a lack of calcium...     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部宜参1井烃源岩评价及气源分析

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部宜参1井获得天然气重大突破,但对其各层系烃源岩生烃潜力并未开展研究。通过采集山西组和马家沟组烃源岩样品开展相关研究,结果表明:山西组4个泥岩样品的残余总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)含量分布范围为0.54%~2.31%,均值为1.65%,总烃[(S 1+S 2)]含量分布范围为0.12~0.46mg/g,均值为0.34mg/g,泥岩烃源岩有机质丰度较高,生烃潜力较强;马家沟组泥岩残余TOC含量分布范围为0.09%~0.33%,均值为0.17%,(S 1+S 2)含量分布范围为0.03~0.17mg/g,均值为0.12mg/g,评价为非-差烃源岩。对比宜参1井天然气中甲烷(CH 4)和乙烷(C2H6)碳同位素含量,δ^13C 1>δ^13C2倒转的天然气主要为煤成热解气,混入了少量δ^13C2轻的油型气,其中煤成气主要来自于上古生界煤系地层,混入的少量油型气可能主要来自于上古生界太原组优质海相烃源岩。查明奥陶系马家沟组的生烃潜力及油气来源不仅可以认识奥陶系产层的油气生成和组成特征,同时对气田的形成模式、资源前景及勘探部署也具有重要意义。     

复奇异值分解方法的构造及度量特征

提出并构造出研究两个移动场相互关系的新方法——复奇异值分解方法（ＣＳＶＤ），并利用两个简单的正弦波场讨论了部分度量特征     

微机在中文地质文献检索中的应用

本文介绍了国际上先进的ＣＤＳ／ＩＳＩＳ文献管理软件及其与“中文地质文献库”的接口试验。作者在中国地质矿产信息研究院中文地质文献库的基础上，建立了河南省地矿厅的中文地质文献库，成功地将微机应用于中文地质文献检索中。利用微机进行文献检索可大大提高文献检索的查准率和检索速度。     

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

副高与阻高形成的Rossby孤立波理论I:不存在临界层

针对不存在临界层情况下非均匀纬向流中的Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ孤立波，从正压、无辐散、准地转自由大气涡度方程出发，经过变量替换，用小参数展开法，得到流函数的各阶近似方程，推导出振幅函数满足的ＫｄＶ方程及修正ＫｄＶ方程（ＭＫｄＶ），并给出它们的孤立波解。对不同风速分布下伴随这些孤立波而出现的流场进行了近似计算，分别得到了副高型Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ孤立波流场、阻高型Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ孤立波流场及偶极子型流场，它们移动的规律性与实际大气的流场移动情况较一致。     

THE ROLE OF THE MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION IN STATIONARY WAVE PROPAGATION

In a general baroclinic atmosphere,when the basic state includes meridional circulation,the sta-tionary waves might not only pass through the equatorial easterlies,but also strengthen significantly.The orographic forcing in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude might cause marked responses in thelow latitude atmosphere.This suggests that the meridional circulation plays an important role in theconnection of stationary responses in mid and low latitudes,and so does the heating forcing in theNorthern Hemisphere mid-latitude.Forced by the heating forcing in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude,the features similar to the Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon circulation can be ob-tained.It appears that the meridional circulation plays certain role in the formation of summer mon-soon circulation.The heating anomaly forcing located at the eastern equatorial Pacific makes the sta-tionary waves present PNA(Pacific-North America)pattern in the winter hemisphere,but it doesnot in the summer hemisphere.It suggests that the meridional circulation has a marked influence onthe route of stationary wave propagation both in the winter and summer hemispheres.     

Sources and paleoclimatic significance of Holocene Bignell Loess, central Great Plains, USA

This paper reexamines the stratigraphy, sources, and paleoclimatic significance of Holocene Bignell Loess in the central Great Plains. A broadly similar sequence of loess depositional units and paleosols was observed in thick Bignell Loess sections up to 300 km apart, suggesting that these sections record major regional changes in the balance between dust deposition and pedogenesis. New optical ages, together with previously reported radiocarbon ages, indicate Bignell Loess deposition began 9000–11,000 yr ago and continued into the late Holocene; some Bignell Loess is <1000 yr old. There is little evidence that Holocene Loess was derived from flood plain sources, as previously proposed. Instead, thick Bignell Loess occurs mainly near the downwind margins of inactive dune fields, particularly atop escarpments facing the dunes. Thus, the immediate loess source was dust produced when the dunes were active. Previous work indicates that widespread episodes of dune activity are likely to have resulted from drier-than-present climatic conditions. The regionally coherent stratigraphy of Bignell Loess can be interpreted as a near-continuous record of climatically driven variation in dune field activity throughout the Holocene.