Numerical analysis of the seismic inertial and kinematic effects on pile bending moment in liquefiable soils

In an effort to study the seismic pile moment induced by the combined structure–pile inertial and soil–pile kinematic effects for single piles and pile groups in liquefiable ground, an extensive series of 3D finite element simulations are conducted in this paper. The roles that lateral inertial and kinematic interactions play on the pile moment are found to differ in different soil–pile–structure systems. Inertial structure force and kinematic soil displacement of the same direction could cause pile head moments of the same or opposite directions depending on the rotational constraint at the pile head. Kinematic interaction has a dominating influence on the pile moment for pile foundations with pile head rotation constrained by the existence of a pile cap, while inertial interaction is strongly influential for free-head piles. The coupling of inertial and kinematic interactions depends on the soil–pile–structure system configuration and the magnitudes of the inertial structure force and the kinematic soil displacement. Many current pseudo-static methods for calculating the seismic pile moment through summing a percentage of the kinematic induced moment with another percentage of the inertial induced moment could produce very inaccurate results under certain conditions.     

An experimental study on controlling post-earthquake debris flows using slit dams

Post-earthquake debris flows often break out in groups frequently, which are usually caused by the abundant loose solid materials that produced by earthquake. Slit dams represent a practical and effective kind of countermeasure for controlling the post-earthquake debris flow. Flume experiments were carried out to study the interaction mechanism and the effect of slit dams on the post-earthquake debris flows. The results showed that affected by the slit dams, some certain types of deposits formed on the upstream. The steeper the flume slope, as well as the greater the width and the density of slits, the easier the lateral deposit became “V” shaped. Otherwise, the lateral deposit was more likely to be “–?” shaped. When the flume slopes were 12°, 16° and 20°, the profiles of the deposits would be long-shallow type, short-thick type and short-shallow type, respectively. The slope of the deposition first decreases and then increases with the flume slope increasing within a certain range. The slit dam can trap the coarse sand and discharge the fine sand. The maximum attenuation rate can reach 44.4%. The effect of this capacity gradually weakens as the flume slope is increased. When the width or the density of slits is smaller, the greater the rate of decrease in peak sand discharge and the greater the effect of peak cutting will be. The reduction in the sediment storage rate is likely due to the increase in the width and the density of the slits. With the increase in flume slope, the sediment storage rate first increases, then decreases, which reaches a maximum value when the flume slope is 16°.     

反馈地震计低频扩展方法研究

根据反馈地震计的反馈模型推导传递函数,并将其频率特征分解为低频端和高频端两部分。基于反馈模型中低频端频率特性的二阶高通滤波器传递函数,提出低频截止频率扩展的方法,包括降低机械固有角频率ω0、增加摆的质量m、降低灵敏度Sv、增大反馈线圈阻值或减少线径、选用更高电阻率的线圈材料、使用更弱的磁场。通过井下反馈地震计实验,验证了其低频端扩展与理论推导的一致性。     

技术进步、能源结构与能源效率的动态关系研究——基于VAR模型的实证分析

从技术进步、能源结构两个方面,通过VAR模型探究了技术进步、能源结构与能源效率间的关系。结果表明：技术进步、能源结构与能源效率存在稳定的协整关系。利用脉冲响应函数及响应进行了15 期的详细刻画,揭示了技术进步对能源效率的冲击效应较大,能源效率受到能源结构的冲击效应较小。研究结果对中国制定碳减排、节能减排政策和气候变化政策的制定等具有一定的参考作用。     

CG-5重力仪零漂特性研究

CG-5相对重力仪是加拿大Scintrex公司生产的全自动重力仪,传感器类型为无静电熔凝石英弹簧,其测量精度优于5.0×10-8 m·s-2,读数分辨率为1.0×10-8 m·s-2,残差长期零漂率通过软件实时改正优于2.0×10-7(m·s-2)/d,具有8.0×10-2 m·s-2全量程反馈、自动观测读数、可选择的潮汐、倾斜、温度、滤波等修正项进行自动重力改正等功能(曹金国等,2007).     

基于地震监测台网资料近实时插值计算震动图的初步研究

本文首先介绍了国内外有关震动图研究方面的动态。针对国内大部分地区的地震监测台网密度还比较低的现状,在已知震源位置和发震时刻的前提下,作者提出了利用实际地震台网观测资料近实时插值计算网格点处地震图的方法,在插值计算时充分考虑地震波在时间上的传播特征及在空间上的衰减规律。随后,对该方法的适用性进行了验证。以0．05°（约5Km）为尺度先对整个福建地区进行网格化划分,并以顺昌MIA．9级地震为例采用以上方法计算得到所有网格点处的地震时程。随后以1s为间隔,分别得到该时间间隔内的最大值等值线图,最后将所有的等值线图连续播放,得到了一种新形式的“ShakeMap”。作者还给出了顺昌地震最终的峰值地震动（PGV、PGA）分布,并分别对实际记录最大值及插值记录最大值随震中距的衰减关系进行了对比分析,结果充分证实了本文结果的可靠性。     

一种ARMA模型地震子波提取方法研究

在地震子波因果、混合相位的假设下,本文突破突破滑动平均(MA)型假设的地震子波提取技术,提出一种阶数吝啬的自回归滑动平均(ARMA)模型对地震子波进行参数化准确建模的方法.针对地震子波ARMA模型定阶困难,超定阶容易造成计算量大、运算速度慢,欠定阶不能满足精确子波的要求,本文采用基于自相关函数的奇异值分解(SVD)法确定AR模型阶数,同时将信息量准则法与高阶累积量法相结合,提出了一种新的MA模型定阶法.数值仿真和实际地震数据处理结果表明,本文所用方法可以有效地压制加性高斯色噪声,信息量准则法可有效提高MA定阶的准确率,在保证子波精度的同时尽可能降低模型阶数,实现运算高效率.     

福建省“九五”地震监测台网台站震级校正及单台震级应用研究

首先介绍了福建省地震监测台网的建设和发展情况,在总结震级计算方法的基础上,分析了福建省"九五"地震监测台网中29个台站的平均震级偏差对台网震级确定造成的影响,并以此为依据对台网内单台测定震级进行校正。然后分网内和网外两种情况,分别回归得到了由单台(首台)震级确定最终震级的关系,并对单台震级测定所需时间进行了统计。结果表明,对平均台间距60 km的网内地震,一般在单台P波到达后的10 s内即可由单台震级估计出最终震级。     

深海全向性高精度质子磁力仪的研制及应用

对国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)子课题"远海区低功耗全向性磁日变数据采集与控制系统研究"所研制的深海地磁仪的性能特点以及如何移植应用于陆地地磁场观测,进行了归纳分析,并着重阐述了应用于深孔地磁场观测的四大优势。