全球大气数值模式动力框架研究进展

随着数值计算方法和高性能计算机技术的发展以及大气科学理论的完善,国外研制出了许多全球高分辨率非静力大气数值模式,为了让国内的模式开发者对当前全球大气数值模式的现状有一个清晰的了解,归纳总结2012年8月在美国大气研究中心参与评估测试的全世界17个非静力全球大气数值模式,主要从基本方程组、球面网格、离散方法、守恒性质、参数化物理过程与动力框架的耦合和全球大气模式的评估等进行回顾、归纳和讨论,对国内的模式研发者有一定的参考意义。     

9711号台风的路径分析与预报

分析了“9711”号台风的大气环流形势、涡度场、潜热能场、θse场以及日本和北京的数值预报,认为台风有向这几种要素场的相对高值区或远离其低值区移动的趋势,副热带高压的强弱和进退制约着台风的移动方向。     

Long-Term Integration of a Global Non-Hydrostatic Atmospheric Model on an Aqua Planet

A global non-hydrostatic atmospheric model, i.e., GRAPES_YY (Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System on the Yin–Yang grid), with a semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian (SISL) dynamical core developed on the Yin–Yang grid was coupled with the physical parameterization package of the operational version of GRAPES. A 3.5-yr integration was carried out on an aqua planet to assess the numerical performance of this non-hydrostatic model relative to other models. Specific aspects of precipitation and general circulation under two different sea surface temperature (SST) conditions (CONTROL and FLAT) were analyzed. The CONTROL SST peaked at the equator. The FLAT SST had its maximum gradient at about 20° latitude, giving a broad equatorial SST maximum in the tropics and flat profile approaching the equator. The tropical precipitation showed different propagation features in the CONTROL and FLAT simulations. The CONTROL showed tropical precipitation bands moving eastward with some envelopes of westward convective-scale disturbance. Less organized westward-propagating rainfall cells and bands were seen in the FLAT and the propagation of the tropical wave varied with the SST gradient. The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), Hadley cell, and westerly jet core were weaker and more poleward as the SST profile flattened from the CONTROL to FLAT. The climatological structures simulated by GRAPES_YY, such as the distribution of precipitation and the large-scale circulation, fell within the bounds from other models. The stronger ITCZ precipitation, accompanied with stronger Hadley cells and convective heating in the CONTROL simulation, may be summed up as a result of stronger parameterized convection and the non-hydrostatic effects in GRAPES_YY. In addition, mechanism of the zonal mean circulation maintaining is analyzed for the different SST patterns referring the transient eddy flux.     

内蒙古哈达门沟金矿床成矿年代学研究

乌拉山-大青山成矿带为华北板块北缘重要的金多金属成矿带,其中产出有哈达门沟-柳坝沟大型金矿床,金矿床成矿时代和构造背景一直存在争议,长期被认为是中生代构造岩浆活动产物,最近在哈达门沟金矿床深部发现了与金共生的石英脉型和钾化蚀变岩型钼矿化,笔者等利用Re-Os同位素分析方法,首次对与含金黄铁矿共生的辉钼矿进行了年代学研究。4件辉钼矿Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为386.6±6.1Ma（MSWD=1.18）,加权平均年龄为386.4±2.7Ma（MSWD=0.55）,初始187Os值为-0.02±0.41 ng/g。根据辉钼矿的年龄,并且结合其它地质证据,可以推测,哈达门沟地区金矿化发生的事件可追溯到早泥盆世,属海西早期构造-岩浆活动事件,而矿区北部西沙德盖钼矿获得辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为226.4±3.3Ma,钼矿床形成于三叠纪,说明乌拉山地区内至少存在两期钼矿化,其中早期钼矿化与金矿化同时发生,且以金矿化为主,上述数据的取得,对重新认识该区金（钼）矿成矿作用及区域地质演化历史有着重要的理论和实际意义。     

2006年上半年全国生态气象监测与评估研究

为了对2006年上半年全国生态环境进行以气象条件为主要驱动因子的监测与评估,研究创建了基于植被第一性生产力（NPP）估算的生态气象监测与评估指数（EMI）模型。通过计算生态气象指数、划分生态气象等级,进行生态气象监测与评估。2006年上半年全国大部地区生态气象条件较差,平均生态气象优劣评价指数仅为-30;生态气象等级好、中、差的比例大约为2：45：53。对我国生态及生产起重要作用的林地、草灌、农田的生态气象等级在中等以上的面积较2005年上半年显著减少。1—6月平均生态气象指数在逐月降低,虽处于正常等级范围之内,但5、6月份处于临界状态已接近较差等级。其主要原因是持续干旱和低温冷害的影响,多起森林与草原火灾和大范围高频度的沙尘天气与生态状况互为因果。所构建的生态气象监测评估模型,有良好的理论基础和科技含量,也有较好的时空分辨能力,可以进行生态气象定量监测和评价,监测与评估结果科学、客观、合理,能够反映气象条件对生态环境的作用。     

Phosphorus speciation and availability in intertidal sediments of the Yangtze Estuary,China

In order to better understand P cycling and bioavailability in the intertidal system of the Yangtze Estuary, both surface (0–5 cm) and core (30 cm long) sediments were collected and sequentially extracted to analyze the solid-phase reservoirs of sedimentary P: loosely sorbed P; Fe-bound P; authigenic P; detrital P; and organic P. The total sedimentary P in surface and core sediments ranged from 14.58–36.81 μmol g⁻¹ and 17.11–24.55 μmol g⁻¹, respectively, and was dominated by inorganic P. The average percentage of each fraction of P in surface sediments followed the sequence: detrital P (54.9%) > Fe-bound P (23.7%) > organic P (14.3%) > authigenic P (6.3%) > loosely sorbed P (0.8%), whereas in core sediments it followed the sequence: detrital P (61.7%) > Fe-bound P (17.0%) > authigenic P (13.1%) > organic P (7.5%) > loosely sorbed P (0.7%). Post-depositional reorganization of P was observed in both surface and core sediments, converting organic P and Fe-bound P to authigenic P. The accumulation rates and burial efficiencies of the total P in the intertidal area ranged from 118.70–904.98 μmol cm⁻² a⁻¹ and 80.29–88.11%, respectively. High burial efficiency of the total P is likely related to the high percentage of detrital P and the high sediment accumulation rate. In addition, the bioavailable P represented a significant proportion of the sedimentary P pool, which on average accounted for 37.4% and 25.1% of the total P in surface and core sediments, respectively. This result indicates that the tidal sediment is a potential internal source of P for this P-limiting estuarine ecosystem.     

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昌马断裂带断层岩研究及其粘滑,蠕滑特征

在对断层岩的分布、内部结构、宏观变形及断层泥中石英颗粒形态、表面特征研究分析的基础上，讨论了昌马断裂带粘滑、蠕滑特征。同时指出，昌马断裂带虽以粘滑运动为主，但仍伴有一定量的蠕滑活动。     

菲尔德斯半岛植物和表层土壤中部分金属元素的富集特征

利用湿法消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对南极菲尔德斯半岛地区植物和表层土壤中的化学元素进行了分析,讨论了其元素含量、相关性、富集系数及污染指数等化学特征。研究发现,南极菲尔德斯半岛土壤和植物中的Ni、Li、As、Cs变异系数波动较大,且土壤中元素的区域性变化小于植物。植物中的Al、Fe、Mn元素丰度主要依赖于土壤元素丰度的高背景值,而对Ca、K、Cr、Ba元素具有较强的选择吸收能力,对重金属元素Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb富集能力很强。进行重金属污染评价表明,南极菲尔德斯半岛地区受到不同程度的污染,Cu元素存在普遍污染,Cd和As均达到了轻度污染,Cd元素的潜在生态风险最大。     

太阳星云凝聚过程的岩石学模型：（Ⅲ）类地行星区星云凝聚作用和地球原始成分的估算

在建立了小行星区星云凝聚模型的基础上,对类地行星区中上物质（硅酸盐、氧化物、金属、硫化物等）的凝聚作用,以及凝聚物的水化作用进行了讨论,进而建立了包括小行星区在内的整个类地行星区的星云凝聚模式。根据地球核慢质量比和关于地球初期演化的研究结果;使用顽火辉石球粒陨石和Ｃ１陨石的化学成分分别做为地球形成区中类顽火辉石球粒陨石质星子和类Ｃ１陨石质星子的成分数据;假定类顽火辉石无球粒陨石质星子的成分与类顽火辉石球粒陨石质星子的硅酸盐部分成分相同,计算出原始地球可能由１．５８％的类铁陨石质星子、１３．９％的类顽火辉石无球粒陨石质星子、８２．５２％类顽火辉石球粒陨石质星子、２％的类Ｃ１陨石质星子组成。