Annual time-series analyses of total gaseous mercury measurement and its impact factors on the Gongga Mountains in the southeastern fringe of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Long-term monitoring programs for measurement of atmospheric mercury concentrations are presently recognized as powerful tools for local,regional and global studies of atmospheric long-range transport processes,and they could also provide valuable information about the impact of emission controls on the global budget of atmospheric mercury,their observance and an insight into the global mercury cycle. China is believed to be an increasing atmospheric mercury emission source. However,only a few measurements of mercury,to our knowledge,have been done in ambient air over China. The highly-time resolved atmospheric mercury concen-trations have been measured at Moxi Base Station （102°72′E 29°92′N,1640 m asl） of the Gongga Alpine Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） from May 2005 to June 2006 by using a set of Automatic Atmospheric Mercury Speciation Analyzers （Tekran 2537A）. Measurements were carried out with a time resolution of every 15 minutes. The overall average total gaseous mercury （TGM） covering the measurement periods was 4±1.38 ng·m^-3 （N=57310）,which is higher than the global background level of approximately 1.5～2.0 ng·m^-3. The measurements in all seasons showed a similar diurnal change pattern with a high concentration during daytime relative to nighttime and maximum concentration near solar noon and minimum concentration immediately before sunrise. The presence of diurnal TGM peaks during spring and summer was found earlier than that during autumn and winter. When divided seasonally,it was found that the concentrations of TGM were highest in winter with 6.13 ± 1.78 ng·m^-3 and lowest in summer with 3.17 ± 0.67 ng·m^-3. There were no significant differences in TGM among wind sectors during each season. Whereas Hg generally exhibited significant correlations with the parameters,such as temperature,saturated vapor pressure,precipitation,ultraviolet radiation （UV） and atmospheric pressure at the whole measurement stage,and t     

云南禄劝噜鲁铅锌矿床铷-锶同位素年代学与硫、铅同位素地球化学特征

云南禄劝噜鲁铅锌矿床地处扬子地块西南缘,矿体赋存于下寒武统梅树村组下段,呈脉状、似层状产出。矿石矿物主要有方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿等;脉石矿物主要有重晶石、石英、方解石。噜鲁铅锌矿床硫化物成矿时的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值为0.7112~0.7115,暗示成矿物质可能来自于基底地层;Rb-Sr等时线年龄为202.8±1.4Ma,成矿年龄为印支晚期—燕山早期。硫化物硫同位素组成δ~(34)S变化范围为6.33‰~9.75‰,暗示成矿流体中的硫主要是海相硫酸盐热化学还原的产物;铅同位素~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围分别为18.259~18.342、15.608~15.639、38.46~38.821,位于上地壳和造山带铅演化线之间,落入基底岩石(昆阳群)及不同时代碳酸盐岩铅同位素组成范围内,表明成矿物质具有壳源特征,主要由基底岩石提供。综合各类地质-地球化学信息认为,噜鲁铅锌矿床成矿流体中不同组分来源不同,但主要来自于基底地层,成矿机制是在印支运动强驱动力的作用下,促使含矿基底地层成矿元素活化-迁移混合-空间就位,形成工业矿床。     

基于遥感技术的兖济滕矿区采煤沉陷区现状及动态变化特征

利用遥感技术,对兖济滕矿区2000-2010年的采煤沉陷区动态变化进行了研究,结果表明,2010年,兖济滕矿区累计沉陷面积为88．43km^2,占整个矿区面积的3．53％。10年来,沉陷区面积呈直线上升趋势,由2000年的57．37km^2,增加到2010年的88．43km^2,平均年增沉陷地面积约为3．45km^2。采用遥感手段,在大范围内,可以较直观、准确地确定采煤沉陷区的范围、面积、形态、动态变化等特征,可为沉陷区的综合治理提供科学依据。     

山东齐河—禹城地区李屯富铁矿床地球化学特征及地质意义

李屯铁矿为近年在山东省齐河—禹城地区发现的隐伏富磁铁矿床,为空白区地质找矿新发现。本文通过详细野外调查、室内镜下观察及地球化学分析测试,对矿床地质、地球化学特征进行了系统研究,初步揭示矿床成因。磁铁矿体赋存于李屯岩体与石炭纪—二叠纪地层接触带附近的砂泥岩地层内。李屯铁矿中岩体微量元素分配模式具有较好的一致性,均不同程度地富集Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Zr、Nb、Ta等高场强元素,磁铁矿石中富集大离子亲石元素Sr,亏损K;高场强元素富集U、P、Hf、Ta,亏损Nb、Ti。岩体与磁铁矿石稀土元素均表现出轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾型配分模式。李屯铁矿形成于岩石圈大规模快速减薄期,成矿构造背景应为板块伸展扩张环境。李屯岩体的岩浆来源为壳幔混源,尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩发生部分熔融产生的的岩浆熔体;成矿物质来源于深源岩浆及其形成的岩浆岩。磁铁矿成矿与李屯岩体关系密切,矿床成因类型应是接触交代型矽卡岩铁矿床。     

超前帷幕注浆技术在蔡园煤矿导水断层治理中的应用

蔡园煤矿中部发育一条走向近NW向的正断层,对开采12煤层有影响,在分析断层特征及水文地质条件基础上,采用超前帷幕注浆技术对断层破碎带进行了加固,并对影响断层富水性的灰岩含水层进行了预注浆封堵,实现了对断层破碎带加固、堵水的双重效果,达到了巷道围岩加固及含水层改造的双重目的,保证了巷道的安全通过。     

基于ExcelVBA的模糊综合评判地表水水质评价

地表水水质是地质环境质量评价主因素之一,对永安市小陶镇10组地表水水质数据选用模糊综合评价法,基于Micro Soft office Excel VBA编程进行了综合快速评价。评价结果表明：下游各项污染指标均略高于上游;盆地外围支流的地表水水质均较好,除西学溪锌偏高微超标外,其它均在Ⅱ类水质范围内。实验证明利用VBA完成模糊综合评判方法有效性,并具有可移值性,只须修改少量代码即可完成其它区域的水质评价。     

Identification of fractions of mercury in water,soil and sediment from a typical Hg mining area in Wanshan,Guizhou province,China

Water, sediment and soil in a region with severe Hg contamination resulting from Hg mining and retorting continue to receive anthropogenic Hg loading from discarded tailings and mine waste calcine piles, even after mining has ended. Crucial for potential long-term mobilization and uptake in biota, however, are chemical forms of Hg in the environment. In order to assess potential mobility and bioavailability of Hg in contaminated areas, a refined sequential extraction technique was used for Hg in soil and sediment, allowing identification of the following conceptual Hg fractions: elemental Hg, exchangeable Hg, strongly-bound Hg and organically-bound Hg.     

Development and Utilization of Potash Resources in Lop Nor,Xinjiang

正The Lop Nor saline lake in the east Tarim basin,extends115 km from the south to the north,and 90 km from the east to the west,which covers an area of 10350 km2.It is the world’s largest dry saline lake,and is also so far the largest     

福建省中南部一次强飑线过程分析

利用常规气象资料、自动观测站资料和多普勒雷达等资料,综合分析了2005年3月22日发生在福建省中南部地区的一次飑线天气过程。结果表明:福建处于上干冷、下暖湿的不稳定大气层结中,南支槽和冷锋的逼近触发了不稳定能量的释放和风暴的发生。强风暴发生在高空急流出口区左侧辐散和地面冷锋前侧辐合重叠区。多普勒雷达资料很好地揭示了该飑线的发展、演变和移动特征。速度场的分析可以较早获得飑线东移中将发展加强的信息,对短时临近预报有指导意义。     

无人机航空摄影测量技术在崩塌灾害调查中的应用

无人机作为新兴的地理信息获取方法,其应用范围及数据精度受到广泛关注。相比于专业摄影测量的固定翼无人机及大型多旋翼无人机,小型四旋翼无人机对单体灾害或小区域进行地形测量,具有更灵活、可操作性更强、成本更低等优势。本文针对崩塌灾害调查工作环境的特殊性,研究了小型四旋翼无人机在无法布置控制点对数据进行优化的条件下,航拍高度和镜头方向对无人机数据的相对精度的影响。研究结果显示：（1）大疆精灵三系列无人机在缺少实地测量数据对无人机数据进行修正优化时,航高从150m下降到90m可使数据的水平精度提高63%,垂向精度提高7%;保持无人机的拍摄镜头垂直向下,在90～150m的航高范围内可以使数据的水平精度提高15%～69%,垂向精度提高6%～9%;（2）结合山东淄博的崩塌调查案例,利用无人机获取了崩塌地形数据,借助Rockyfor3D软件进行崩塌运动的三维数值模拟分析,得到崩塌将威胁电网线路及公路的安全,相关结论对于崩塌灾害的防治工作,有一定的指导意义。