川渝地区喀斯特石林地貌研究

根据川渝地区石林地貌的地质背景、形态类型、成因机制,将其分为太安式、小岩湾式、龙门山式、格萨拉式等4种型式,它们分别发育于下古生界灰岩、二叠系阳新灰岩、石炭系黄龙灰岩、侏罗系-白垩系钙质灰岩屑砾岩中,并分布于不同的气候地貌区.它们分布在海拔1500m以上的高夷平面至海拔400m左右的河谷一级阶地等不同的地貌位置,说明其地貌形成从始新世末-渐新世初开始,经历了多阶段演化,至今仍在发展.这些石林景观都具有独特的科学与美学价值,其中一些已建立了地质公园和相关的保护区.加强对这些石林景观的有效保护与合理利用,具有重要的科学、环境和经济意义.     

鄂西地区长阳组的时代问题

对长阳组命名剖面的重新观察和研究表明,原认定的长阳组层位不存在误认的问题.来自长阳组命名剖面和相邻剖面长阳组的两件牙形石样品的分析结果显示:长阳组的牙形石化石组合以Siphonodella levis大量发育为特征,兼有少量的Polygnathus inormatus、P.cf.symmetricus、Bispatho...     

灌注桩导管爆管与瘪管的原因分析

水下混凝土灌注是钻孔灌注桩施工中最关键工序之一,超深孔水下混凝土灌注的导管偶尔会出现爆管与瘪管现象。通过对导管受力分析,从理论上分析了造成爆管和瘪管现象的直接原因,从实践中罗列出可能导致爆管与瘪管的各种因素,并提出预防措施,有利于超深孔水下混凝土灌注质量的控制。     

塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩层序地层特征及其控油作用

寒武纪-奥陶纪塔里木盆地经历了4种不同类型的碳酸盐岩台地结构型式的演变。不同台地区带的碳酸盐岩层序结构特征显著不同,柯坪地区寒武系-奥陶系为一套碳酸盐岩为主的地层,发育7种不同特征的碳酸盐岩层序构型。库鲁克塔格地区层序总体表现为半深海-深海盆地相背景下的海底扇沉积。相带和层序界面对储层发育具有重要影响,不同级别的层序界面对其下碳酸盐岩储层的发育具有重要的控制作用,并对埋藏条件下的流体具有输导作用。流体对埋藏岩溶型储层的形成具有重要的改造作用,风化壳岩溶型储层受风化淋滤带和层序界面的控制,白云岩储层和礁滩型储层主要受沉积相和成岩相控制。     

A Preliminary Study on the Present Crustal Stress of Northern South China Sea

<正>The South China Sea(SCS)is the largest marginal sea in West Pacific formed by a combined effect of the Eurasian plate,Pacific plate and India-Australian plate,and is thus considered to be a unique natural laboratory to study oceanic dynamics and tectonic evolutions(Xie et al.,2006;Luan and Zhang,2009).Besides,the SCS contains enormous petroleum resources for its favorable conditions of oil-gas generation,accumulation and preservation.It is therefore imperative to intensively study the marine in-situ     

Adsorption of phenanthrene on Al (oxy)hydroxides formed under the influence of tannic acid

Although there has been substantial research done on adsorption of metals/metalloids by Al (oxy)hydroxides, little is known regarding the adsorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Al (oxy)hydroxides, especially those formed in the presence of organic acid. This paper investigated the adsorption of phenanthrene on Al (oxy)hydroxides formed with initial tannate/Al molar ratios (MRs) 0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 (referred to MR0, MR0.001, MR0.01, and MR0.1, respectively) through batch adsorption experiments and FTIR study. The results showed that Al (oxy)hydroxides were important sorbents for phenanthrene. The adsorption kinetic data were fitted well with the pseudo-second-order equation. According to a modified Freundlich model, the adsorption capacities of Al (oxy)hydroxides followed a descending order of MR0.1 > MR0 ≥ MR0.01 > MR0.001, which was inconsistent with the organic carbon content in the Al (oxy)hydroxides. Adsorption capacity correlated with the specific surface area, micropore area, and micropore diameter of Al (oxy)hydroxides, yet the relationships were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). FTIR results showed that physical interaction was essential in phenanthrene adsorption onto the Al (oxy)hydroxides, which could be explained by an entropy-driven process. Surface hydrophobicity of Al (oxy)hydroxides played a key role in phenanthrene adsorption. Additional π–π electron donor–acceptor interaction of phenanthrene (acting as electron donor) with aromatic ring of tannic acid (electron acceptor) could be also important in phenanthrene adsorption by high MR Al (oxy)hydroxides, yet it needs further study. The findings obtained in the present study are of fundamental significance in understanding the mechanism of immobilization of PAHs in low organic matter but oxide-rich soils.     

鸟粪石结晶法预处理垃圾渗滤液中高浓度氨氮的研究

利用鸟粪石结晶法预处理垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度氨氮,通过单因素实验和正交实验探讨了pH值、添加剂种类、添加剂比例、反应时间4个因素对氨氮去除率的影响,结合反应过程中的经济成本得出鸟粪石结晶法最佳工艺条件为:pH=9,添加剂为MgC12·6H2O和Na2HPO4·12H2O,n(Mg2+):n(NH4+):n(PO43-)=1:1:1,反应时间15min,氨氮去除率达到90.13%,剩余氨氮在300mg/L以下。通过XRD和ESEM分析,沉淀产物为鸟粪石。实验表明鸟粪石结晶法可以有效去除垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度氨氮,为后续使用生物法处理提供条件,也可以弥补矿物吸附法去除氨氮的不足。可将其与生物法、矿物吸附法等方法组合使用,综合处理垃圾渗滤液。     

青藏高原低涡活动的统计研究

利用1980-2004年5～9月逐日08时、20时(北京时,下同)两个时次的500 hPa天气图资料,统计分析了夏季青藏高原低涡(简称高原低涡)的活动特征.结果表明:夏季高原低涡的发生频次具有明显的年代际、年际和季节内变化特征,20世纪90年代以后低涡出现频次较之80年代有下降趋势,7月份是夏季高原低涡的活跃期;青藏高原上产生低涡的四个源地分别为:申扎-改则之间、那曲东北部地区、德格东北部和松潘附近;移出青藏高原的高原低涡在青藏高原上主要有四个涡源:那曲东北部、曲麻莱地区、德格附近和玛沁附近,也存在季节内变化,与青藏高原上产生低涡的涡源不同;部分高原低涡形成后,能在高原上生存36 h以上并发展东移,移动路径主要有东北、东南和向东三条,其中向东北移动的低涡数量最多;而低涡移出青藏高原后的路径与在高原上的移动路径并不相同,移出高原后的低涡多数是向东移动的,其次才向东北、东南移动;高原低涡移出高原时主要有两条路径:一条为东北路径,主要移向河西、宁夏和黄土高原一带;另一条是东南路径,主要移向四川盆地附近,其中,移向黄土高原的低涡最多;移出低涡也表现出一定的年际变化和季节内变化特征;高原低涡移出青藏高原后,多数在12 h内减弱消亡,有些可持续60 h,极少数能存活100 h以上,最长可达192 h,不仅影响我国东部广大地区的降水,甚至可能影响朝鲜半岛和日本;高原低涡在青藏高原上初生时,暖性涡比斜压涡多近两倍,而移出青藏高原后12 h内的低涡性质却发生了很大改变,以斜压涡居多;与60、70年代相比,80年代中期以后高原低涡的发生源地、移动路径和性质等特征都有所改变.     

ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL AND LINEAR TREND IN MENGLUN, XISHUANGBANNA, SOUTHWEST CHINA

1 INTRODUCTIONAs one of the main factors affecting input and useof precipitation by forests, rainfall also makes adifference on partitioning of gross precipitation overthe canopy, equilibrium of water amount in river basinsand water cycling processes[1-4]…     

原油族组分成气的化学动力学模型及其标定

利用等温密封热解实验技术及恒速升温热解实验与PY—GC分析技术的结合,本文分别建立并标定了原油中各族组分,即饱和烃、芳烃、非烃和沥青质成气的化学动力学模型。结果表明,原油中不同族组分成气的过程均可用平行一级反应描述,但不同组分在平均活化能及活化能分布上有明显的差异。各族组分在地史过程中成气的过程可由各自的化学动力学模型来描述。这将使原油成气过程的定量、动态描述成为可能。