Effects of heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+) on DNA damage of the gills, hemocytes and hepatopancreas of marine crab, Charybdis japonica

There are rising concerns about the hazardous effects of heavy metals on the environment. In this study, comet assay and DNA alkaline unwinding assay were conducted on the tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and hemocytes) of Charybdis japonica in order to illustrate genotoxicity of three heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+) on the marine crabs C. japonica. The crabs were exposed to Cu2+ (10, 50, and 100 ?g.L?1), Pb2+ (50, 250, and 500 ?g L?1) and Cd2+ (5, 25, and 50 ?g L?1), and the tissues were sampled at days 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 15. DNA alkaline unwinding assay was used for testing the DNA single strand break in gills and hepatopancreas and comet assay was employed for testing the DNA damage in hemocytes. The results showed that the DNA damage (F-value) of gills in the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals was decreased gradually during the exposure periods and there was a dose-time response relationship in certain time, suggesting that the levels of DNA single strand break in all the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the controls. Changes of F-value in hepatopancreas of the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals were similar to those in gills except that the peak values were found in the 500 ?g L?1 Pb2+ treatment group at day 3 and the 50 ?g L?1 Cd2+ treatment group at day 9. The ranks of DNA damage in gills and hepatopancreas induced by the three heavy metal ions (50 ?g L?1, day 15) were Cd2+ >Pb2+ >Cu2+ and Pb2+ >Cu2+ >Cd2+. The levels of DNA damage in gills were higher than those in hepatopancreas in the same experimental group. It can be concluded that indices of DNA damage can be used as the potential biomarkers of heavy metal pollution in marine environment.     

Mechanical analysis for progressive failure of debris landslide

It is of significance to research failure mechanism of debris landslides that are widespread in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Based on the statistical analysis of the developmental law and failure mode of debris landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir, the mode of progressive failure is found. The mechanical model for progressive failure of debris landslides with two slip bands is also established by applying slice method. According to the results of the downslide force between adjacent slices, if the downslide force of lower slice is larger than zero, the slice fails along the major sliding surface, otherwise it is stable. In result, the failure range is obtained. The stress function can be determined through dimensional analysis of failure slice. According to static boundary conditions of the slice, stress state of any point in the slice can be obtained. Then stress state of any point in the secondary slip band can also be established. The failure of the secondary slip band is judged on the basis of Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. Therefore, a mechanical method is proposed to analyze the progressive failure of debris landslide with two slip bands.     

弱磁场及甚强磁场下奇异夸克物质Urca过程的中微子能量损失率

研究了磁场对奇异星模型中夸克直接Urca过程的中微子能量损失率的影响,首先改进了弱场条件下的近似计算方法,这一方法可以推广到其他弱作用过程．在甚强磁场下,严格地计算Urca过程的中微子能量损失率,结果显示辐射率强烈地依赖于磁场,与磁场的二次方成正比,更重要的是对温度的依赖关系不同于弱场及没有磁场时的情形．     

The sulfurization recorded in tridymite in the monomict eucrite Northwest Africa 11591

Some of the tridymite in the monomict Northwest Africa (NWA) 11591 eucrite are found to have sulfide‐rich replacement textures (SRTs) to varying degrees. The SRTs of tridymite in NWA 11591 are characterized by the distribution of loose porous regions with aggregates of quartz and minor troilite grains along the rims and fractures of the tridymite, and we propose a new mechanism for the origin of this texture. According to the volume and density conversion relationship, the quartz in the SRT of tridymite with a hackle fracture pattern was transformed from tridymite. We suggest that the primary tridymite grains are affected by the S‐rich vapors along the rims and fractures, leading to the transformation of tridymite into quartz. In addition, the S‐rich vapors reacted with Fe²⁺, which was transported from the relict tridymite and/or the adjacent Fe‐rich minerals, and/or the S‐rich vapors react with the exotic metallic Fe to form troilite grains. The sulfurization in NWA 11591 most likely occurred during the prolonged subsolidus thermal metamorphism in the shallow crust of Vesta and might be an open, relatively high temperature (>800 °C) process. Sulfur would be an important component of the metasomatic fluid on Vesta.     

Analysis of Land Water Storage in Southwest China Based on GRACE Data

The inversion of the variation in the land water storage in Southwest China is carried out by taking advantage of the data obtained by the earth gravity satellite GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) for 64 months from January 2005 to April 2010. The result shows that by selecting an appropriate Gauss radius (R = 600 km) and taking the average gravitational field of the adopted data as the back-ground gravitational field, the land water storage in Southwest China inverted on the basis of the GRACE data reflects the drought in Southwest China at the beginning of 2010 very well.     

The Meteoritical Bulletin,No. 111

Meteoritical Bulletin 111 contains the 3094 meteorites approved by the Nomenclature Committee of the Meteoritical Society in 2022. It includes 11 falls (Antonin, Botohilitano, Cranfield, Golden, Great Salt Lake, Longde, Msied, Ponggo, Qiquanhu, Tiglit, Traspena), with 2533 ordinary chondrites, 165 HED, 123 carbonaceous chondrites (including 4 ungrouped), 82 lunar meteorites, 28 Rumuruti chondrites, 27 iron meteorites, 23 ureilites, 22 mesosiderites, 22 Martian meteorites, 21 primitive achondrites (one ungrouped), 17 ungrouped achondrites, 13 pallasites, 7 enstatite achondrites, 6 enstatite chondrites, and 5 angrites. Of the meteorites classified in 2022, 1787 were from Antarctica, 1078 from Africa, 180 from South America, 34 from Asia, 6 from North America, 4 from Europe, and 1 from Oceania.     

基于多源空间数据的地质灾害监测预警系统研究——以云南省德钦县为例

三维激光扫描、合成孔径雷达干涉(InSAR)、全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)、无人机及物联网等新技术为测绘、监测以及早期预警系统(EWS)提供了更丰富的数据源。本文基于上述技术,设计提出了一种针对滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害监测预警系统(GDMEWS)的解决方案。介绍了地质灾害监测预警系统复杂多变的特点,对系统的体系结构、多源空间数据库组成、开发模式、业务逻辑、系统开发的方法及关键技术进行了分析。论文以具有独特的地形地貌、滑坡和泥石流类型众多、典型多样的德钦县为案例区,探讨GDMEWS的体系机构及关键技术。首先,对系统的功能要求,监测及预测模型等进行了讨论;其次,研究了灾前预警、灾中抢险、灾后重建全过程的逻辑关系,开发防灾减灾和地质灾害管理支持工具;再次,阐述了多源监测数据集成方法和地质灾害机理模型的建立。最后,对GDMEWS的研发实现进行了阐述,并说明其在德钦县地灾的全过程实时动态管理、监测和预警中的应用。     

Free polyamine content during algal bloom succession in the East China Sea in spring 2010

We measured the concentrations and distribution of major polyamines(spermine, putrescine and spermidine) in seawater during successive spring algal blooms in an area of frequent harmful blooms in the East China Sea. Spermine, putrescine, and spermidine concentrations were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and ranged from 1–64, 7–81, and 0–19 nmol/L. Spermine was present at the highest concentrations, followed by putrescine and spermidine. In late April, when a diatom bloom dominated by Skeletonema costatum dispersed, polyamine concentrations increased, presumably as a result of diatom decomposition. In early May, when a dinoflagellate bloom dominated by Prorocentrum donghaiense occurred, the polyamine concentration decreased from the level seen in late April. The abundant polyamines that decomposed and were released during the diatom bloom in late April may have promoted the growth of P. donghaiense, resulting in its dominance.     

华南下/中奥陶统界线附近笔石动物群的图形对比研究

在下/中奥陶统界线附近笔石的生物地层学研究基础上,笔者选择了华南地区奥陶系台地相、盆地相和位于二者之间的过渡相等不同沉积相区5条典型地层剖面,开展了华南下/中奥陶统界线附近笔石动物群的图形对比研究,通过这项研究,进一步明确了华南奥陶系下/中奥陶统界线附近笔石动物群的延限和不同相区笔石动物群的精确对比关系,为开展不同相区之间地层的精确对比奠定了基础。     

导线环垂直激发场高精度数值模拟

导线环垂直激发场是导线环在地下产生的激发场中垂直于地磁场的分量,在地面核磁共振找水方法中,垂直激发场在地下的分布直接决定地面核磁共振响应,探讨影响垂直激发场地下分布的诸因素进而研究这些因素对地面核磁共振响应的作用,对核磁共振找水正确野外施工具有一定的指导意义,有助于采集更高质量的野外数据.利用经典Chave算法对含有贝塞尔函数的强振荡积分核进行了数值积分试验,将其计算结果和对应的解析解进行了对比,试验结果显示该算法用于强震荡函数无穷积分的计算具有良好的收敛性、较高的精度和较快的计算速度,采用Chave算法对含有贝塞尔函数的强振荡函数进行积分是可行的.在此基础上,进一步计算并数值模拟了导线环垂直激发场及其相位,分别从地磁倾角、磁偏角、地下介质导电性、深度等方面探讨了影响垂直激发场及其相位分布的主要因素.