南海北部深水区东西构造差异性及其动力学机制

This paper overviews research progress in observation, theoretical analysis and numerical modeling of submesoscale dynamic processes in the South China Sea(SCS) particularly during recent five years. The submesoscale processes are defined according to both spatial and dynamic scales, and divided into four subcategories as submesoscale waves, submesoscale vortexes, submesoscale shelf processes, and submesoscale turbulence. The major new findings are as follows.(1) Systematic mooring observations provide new insights into the solitary waves(ISWs) and the typhoon-forced near-inertial waves(NIWs), of which a new type of ISWs with period of 23 h was observed in the northern SCS(NSCS), and the influences of background vorticity, summer monsoon onset, and deep meridional overturning circulation on the NIWs, as well as nonlinear wave-wave interaction between the NIWs and internal tides, are better understood. On the other hand, satellite altimeter sea surface height data are used to reveal the internal tide radiation patterns and provide solid evidence for that the ISWs in the northeastern SCS originate from the Luzon Strait.(2) Submesoscale offshore jets and associated vortex trains off the Vietnam coast in the western boundary of the SCS were observed from satellite chlorophyll concentration images. Spiral trains with the horizontal scale of 15–30 km and the spacing of 50–80 km were identified.(3) 3-D vertical circulation in the upwelling region east of Hainan Island was theoretically analyzed. The results show that distribution patterns of all the dynamic terms are featured by wave-like structures with horizontal wavelength scale of 20–40 km.(4) Numerical models have been used for the research of submesoscale turbulence. Submesoscale vertical pump of an anticyclonic eddy and the spatiotemporal features of submesoscale processes in the northeastern SCS are well modeled.     

Evolution of Neolithic site distribution(9.0–4.0 ka BP) in Anhui,East China

Based on archaeological surveys of Neolithic cultural development and GIS spatial analysis,this study reproduced the main characteristics of temporal distribution and settlement selection of the sites from the Neolithic Age in Anhui and identified a relationship between environmental evolution and human activity.The results show that altitude,slope direction,and slope gradient were consistent among the settlements at different stages of the Neolithic Age in Anhui,and the sites were mostly distributed in hilly and plain areas on southeast-or south-facing slopes of low gradients close to rivers.We determined that early Neolithic Age(9.0–7.0 ka BP) sites were scattered in small numbers and likely had little cultural exchange with communities of other provinces.The environmental characteristics of various regions in Anhui indicated that the climate was warm and humid with extensive water distribution.The sites of the mid Neolithic Age(7.0–5.0 ka BP) increased rapidly with wide distribution.They were mainly distributed in the plain area north of the Huaihe River and the southwestern areas of Anhui.In the mid Neolithic Age,the warm and humid climate gradually dried,and our ancestors slowly developed cultural exchanges.The largest number of sites existed during the late Neolithic Age(5.0–4.0 ka BP),and were distributed throughout the province.During this period,the overall climate was relatively dry,but humans could still obtain water and other resources through migration.The relatively benign climate facilitated cultural interaction and exchange,which increased during this time,and the Wanjiang culture matured.We also determined that as early civilization evolved,cultures in different regions responded differently to environmental changes.In humid subtropical regions,especially in low-lying plains and areas beside lakes,rivers,and coastal areas,the relatively dry climate in the late period of the middle Holocene,prefaced by a period of high humidity,was conducive to the development of human culture.The evidence from the Neolithic settlements in Anhui therefore reflects this subtropical man-land relationship between cultural development and environmental conditions.     

哈尔滨黄土的粒度与地球化学特征及其对粉尘物源的指示

哈尔滨黄土位于欧亚黄土带的最东端,对它的风尘物源研究是深层次理解风尘堆积与区域构造-地貌-气候变化耦合关系的关键。然而,对哈尔滨黄土地球化学组成的研究尚未开展,对其性质还存在认识上的不统一。为此,我们研究了哈尔滨天恒山剖面L₁黄土层的粒度和地球化学组成,并对其化学风化和物源等展开讨论。为了示踪哈尔滨黄土的物源,我们还对东北沙地（浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地、呼伦贝尔沙地和松嫩沙地）进行了表土采样和地球化学分析。结果表明：哈尔滨黄土不含细砂组分（125~250 μm）,含有极细砂组分（63~125 μm,4.8%~10.5%）,粉砂（4~63 μm）和黏土组分（<4 μm）占绝对优势,分别占73%~82%和12%~18%;粒度模式为三峰态分布（众数分别为36~40、8~10 μm和0.8 μm）,与黄土高原典型黄土的粒度分布模式一致,但明显粗于黄土高原中部黄土。哈尔滨黄土经历了初级的化学风化过程,具有较低的成熟度和再循环历史。单靠地球化学方法不能很好地确定哈尔滨黄土的物源,但整合的方法（包括粒度、元素和同位素组成、MDS和PCA统计方法以及自然地理要素等）很好确定了哈尔滨黄土有一个混合源,松嫩沙地松花江水系沉积物为哈尔滨黄土提供了主要的粉尘贡献,浑善达克沙地和科尔沁沙地为哈尔滨黄土提供了部分细颗粒粉尘。     

社区营造进程中的乡村地方性建构特征与机制 ——以台湾中和社区为例

以台湾中和社区为案例,采用访谈法与介入式观察法,通过社会建构与人文主义两种视角,关注宏观社会结构与个体行动者两种力量对地方性形成的影响,探讨了社区营造的地方性特征及其建构机制。研究表明：中和社区营造的地方性表现在都市近郊的区位、社区营造实践地点及活动、参与者与观光者的地方感3个方面;中和地方性建构过程则经历3个阶段：首先,弱地方性引起了社区营造参与者与广大社会的反身性;其次,在社区营造政策的推动下,社区营造参与者在日常生活中推动社区营造,促进地方性的生产与再生产;最后,地方性的营造结果吸引了社会资本与人力资本的再投入,强化了地方性的持续生产,并创造了进步的地方性,也间接强化了乡村自治能力。     

碳税和碳交易机制的行业减排成本比较优势研究

碳税和碳交易机制是控制温室气体排放的环境管理工具,对工业行业的减排成本造成不同的影响。以污染控制政策的稳态总期望社会成本函数为基础构建碳减排成本函数,比较碳税和碳交易机制下水泥行业减排成本,发现影响两种环境管理工具成本的要素。以广东和山东水泥行业的实证数据进行模拟分析,得到如下结论：当碳价和碳税税率差距不大时,由于碳交易机制需要较高的建设成本,碳税更具成本优势;短期内,由于减排技术投入成本较高,与强制性的行政管理手段相比,碳交易机制更具成本效益;碳价、碳税税率、最佳可获得技术的价格、企业预期、碳交易建设与管理成本都会影响碳交易机制和碳税在减排成本上的比较优势。建议设计互补型碳排放管理政策组合,使碳税和碳交易机制发挥各自的制度优势。     

FY3地面业务系统关键信息短信报警平台的设计及实现

FY3卫星地面业务系统关键信息短信报警平台为高可靠极轨业务系统运行提供了保障。从报警监视关键监视点的选取、轨道接收圈的智能判别,平台报警信息的处理以及保证软件的高时效性出发,讨论了FY3卫星轨道可能出现的情况,提出了两种判别算法并进行了取舍。针对平台报警信息处理以及保证软件高时效性,对FY3卫星的接收时间特性进行了分析并基于此设计报警短信过滤逻辑及基本软件结构。该平台已在实际工程中应用并取得了良好效果,本文最后给出了运行统计数据。     

水系夹角分布特征对墨脱断裂活动性的指示意义

墨脱断裂位于南迦巴瓦构造结的东边界,区域受到印度洋季风气候影响,降雨充沛,水系非常发育。本文提取了墨脱断裂南东盘不同级别汇水盆地与雅鲁藏布江的夹角(水系夹角),根据水系夹角的分布初步研究了墨脱断裂的运动性质及断裂分段。所提取的27个水系夹角中,大多数介于90°一117°之间,小型盆地水系夹角沿断裂没有明显的变化,表明沿断裂的地形特征对盆地水系夹角的影响基本一致。但大型盆地水系夹角普遍大于中、小型盆地,且以背崩乡为界,东北段水系夹角大于西南段,表明水系形态长期受到墨脱断裂左旋走滑的影响,东北段左旋走滑速率大于西南段。面积最大的水系分布在墨脱断裂东北段,在地形和断裂共同作用下,该盆地水系夹角为117°,沿断裂位移量为25.5km。结合雅鲁藏布江断裂带已有的GPS测量数据,认为南迦巴瓦变质体以东侧墨脱断裂和西侧东久-米林断裂为边界,从拉萨块体之下折返至地表,产生的构造挤压作用使高喜马拉雅块体向西南-西方向不断推进,且运动速度由东至西逐渐减小。南迦巴瓦构造结垮塌构造及强烈的侵蚀作用使该区域出现重力损失,地壳出现均衡反弹,导致南迦巴瓦杂岩体向地表折返,其过程控制着墨脱断裂的运动方式。