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111.
Continental crustal growth and the supercontinental cycle: evidence from the Central Asian Orogenic Belt 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Dawei Hong Jisheng Zhang Tao Wang Shiguang Wang Xilin Xie 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2004,23(5):799
Studies of supercontinental cycle are mainly concentrated on the assembly, breakup and dispersal of supercontinents, and studies of continental crustal growth largely on the growth and loss (recycling) of the crust. These two problems have long been studied separately from each other. The Paleozoic–Mesozoic granites in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt have commonly positive Nd values, implying large-scale continental crustal growth in the Phanerozoic. They coincided temporally and spatially with the Phanerozoic Pangea supercontinental cycle, and overlapped in space with the P-wave high-V anomalies and calculated positions of subducted slabs for the last 180 Ma, all this suggests that the Phanerozoic Laurasia supercontinental assembly was accompanied by large-scale continental crustal growth in central Asia. Based on these observations, this paper proposes that there may be close and original correlations between a supercontinental cycle, continental crustal growth and catastrophic slab avalanches in the mantle. In this model we suggest that rapid continental crustal growth occurred during supercontinent assembly, whereas during supercontinental breakup and dispersal new additions of the crust were balanced by losses, resulting in a steady state system. Supercontinental cycle and continental crustal growth are both governed by changing patterns of mantle convection. 相似文献
112.
岩石水压致裂和诱发地震的实验研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用7种岩石各制备了几类不同预裂纹的系列试件,并在不同围压下进行水压致裂强度实验。结合典型的水库诱发地震的实际资料和现今构造应力场的实验结果,以及应用岩石强度理论和岩石断裂力学的一些原理、方法,进行岩石孔隙水压诱发地震的探讨。初步结果为:(1)若岩体内构造应力很小,一定大小的孔隙水压力σp,可直接使岩体内的薄弱面致裂并发生小地震。(2)若构造应力较大,存在两类诱发地震的可能:①对岩体浅部一些走向与构造应力的主压应力σ1方向相近的薄弱面,σp可促使其发生张性破裂并诱发小地震。②当构造应力接近于断裂的抗剪强度时,因σp,降低了断裂面上的正应力σn,使原处于稳定状态的断裂失稳,发生滑移破裂并诱发出地震。σp导致断裂的破裂深度增大,使诱发地震的震级大于原潜在的地震震级。(3)各种岩体均存在着一个极限深度,此深度后不再有诱发地震。 相似文献
113.
114.
(40)~Ar/(39)~Ar chronology and geochemistry of high-K volcanic rocks in the Mangkang basin, Tibet 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
ZHANG Huihua HE Huaiyu WANG Jianghai & XIE Guanghong Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(1)
Our two newly obtained high-quality 40Ar/39Ar ages suggest that the high-K volcanic rocks of the Lawuxiang Formation in the Mangkang basin, Tibet were formed at 33.5±0.2 Ma. The tracing of elemental and Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry indicates that they were derived from an EM2 enriched mantle in continental subduction caused by transpression. Their evidently negative anomalies in HFSEs such as Nb and Ta make clear that there is an input of continental material into the mantle source. The high-K rocks at 33.5±0.2 Ma in the Mangkang basin may temporally, spatially and compositionally compare with the early one of two-pulse high-K rocks in eastern Tibet distinguished by Wang J. H. et al., implying that they were formed in the same tectonic setting. 相似文献
115.
Characteristics and genesis of maghemite in Chinese loess and paleosols: Mechanism for magnetic susceptibility enhancement in paleosols 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Tianhu Chen Huifang Xu Qiaoqin Xie Jun Chen Junfeng Ji Huayu Lu 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2005,240(3-4):790-802
Morphological characteristics and microstructures of magnetic minerals extracted from Chinese loess and paleosols were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our results indicate that maghemite in loess–paleosol sequences was transformed from magnetite through oxidation of magnetite. Maghemite transformed from eolian magnetite during chemical weathering has low-angle grain boundaries among maghemite nano-crystals. Some nano-crystalline maghemites with nanoporous texture resulted from microbe-induced precipitation of magnetite or transformation of poorly crystalline ferric Fe (oxy)hydroxides in presence of Fe-reducing bacteria. Aggregates of euhedral maghemite nano-crystals were transformed from magnetite magnetosomes. Both microbe-induced nanoporous magnetite and microbe-produced magnetite magnetosomes are directly related to microbial activities and pedogenesis of the paleosols. It is proposed that the formation of nano-crystalline maghemite with superparamagnetic property in paleosol results in the enhancement of magnetic susceptibility, although the total amount (weight percent) of magnetic minerals in both paleosol and loess units is similar. Our results also show that nano-crystalline and nanoporous magnetite grains prefer to transform into maghemite in semi-arid soil environments instead of hematite, although hematite is a thermodynamically stable phase. This result also indicates that a decrease in crystal size will increase stability of maghemite. It is also inferred that surface energy of maghemite is lower than that of hematite. 相似文献
116.
Land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River, northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: classification and evaluation 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Land degradation imposes a great threat to the world. It is not merely an environmental issue, but also a social and economic problem. Land desertification is among the main aspects of environment changes in the source region of the Yellow River. Previous studies focused on water resource utilization and soil erosion, but land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River even the whole Qinghai-Xizang Plateau received little attention. Based on the data obtained by field investigation and TM satellite images of 2000, this study provides the classification and evaluation information of the land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River. There are six types of land degradation in this region: water erosion in the northern mountains around the Gonghe Basin, sandy desertification in the Gonghe Basin and Upland Plain Area, aridization in the lower reaches, salinization in the Gonghe Basin, vegetation degradation in the intramontance basin and freezing and thawing erosion in the high mountains. The total degraded area is 34,429.6 km2, making up 37.5% of the land in the study area. Finally, land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River was evaluated according to changes in the physical structure and chemical component of soils, land productivity, secondary soil salt and water conditions. 相似文献
117.
2003年“雪龙号”北极科学考察期间,对沿途海洋大气进行采样,分析其中气相多环芳烃的空间分布。结果显示,气相中主要是2-4环的多环芳烃,其中菲为主要的化合物,平均占到总多环芳烃的55.1%。在整个航程的广泛区域尺度内,气相总多环芳烃浓度在1043.9-92993.1pg/m3。空间分布上,远东亚的海面>北太平洋海面>北极圈以内海面;总多环芳烃的浓度随纬度升高呈现显著降低的趋势。通过Clausius-Clapeyron方程对浓度和温度相互关系的分析表明,温度是控制气相多环芳烃长距离传输的主要因素。 相似文献
118.
119.
A numerical study of mechanical behavior of a cement paste under mechanical loading and chemical leaching
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Based on relevant experimental data of a petroleum cement paste under mechanical loading and chemical leaching, an elastic‐plastic model is first proposed by taking into account plastic shearing and pore collapse. The degradation of mechanical properties induced by the chemical leaching is characterized by a chemical damage variable which is defined as the increase of porosity. Both elastic and plastic properties of the cement paste are affected by the chemical damage. The proposed model is calibrated from and applied to describe mechanical responses in triaxial compression tests respectively on sound and fully leached samples. In the second part, a phenomenological chemical model is defined to establish the relationship between porosity change and calcium dissolution process. The dissolution kinetics is governed by a diffusion law taking into account the variation of diffusion coefficient with calcium concentration. The chemical model is coupled with the mechanical model, and both are applied to describe mechanical response of cement paste samples subjected to progressive chemical leaching and compressive stresses. Comparisons between experimental data and numerical results are presented. 相似文献
120.