基于多震相联合反演江苏地区一维速度模型研究

利用地震走时数据,采用联合反演方法获取了江苏地区的一维P波速度模型。与仅采用初至波走时的传统天然地震走时获取方法相比,该方法充分利用了大量存在的续至波参与反演,能有效改进中下地壳的反演能力。针对地震震相目录中常存在震相标识错误的问题,采用的自动判别筛选震相方法能最大限度提高数据走时的精度,可以对不同震相进行有效区分。与其他常用一维速度模型相比,本文反演的模型对Pg、Pn震相走时拟合效果最佳,残差最小。当所用走时数据拥有较高定位精度时,该反演方法能为研究区三维速度结构成像和地震定位提供较可靠的一维速度模型。     

离散元法及其在岩土工程中的应用综述

离散元法是基于不连续性假设的数值方法,它特别适合于求解节理岩体中的非连续性问题。在介绍离散元法基本原理的基础上,着重对离散元法在岩土工程领域的应用现状作了叙述和分析,并对其发展趋势进行了探讨。     

琼东南盆地深水区中央峡谷油气指标的多重分形性分析

不同形态的多重分形频谱可用于含油气远景评价和油气分布规律的研究,本文运用多重分形矩方法对中央峡谷体系已钻井获得的2 684个数据13项油气指标的多重分形谱函数形态特征进行了研究。结果表明,琼东南盆地深水区中具有较强多重分形特征的指标,具有多重分形谱函数宽而连续的特征,成一右偏弧形状;而其他指标则显示较弱或单一分形特征。将这一结果与常用的统计方法因子分析结果做对比,结果表明,通过多重分形分析对这几项油气指标的分组结果与常规的统计分析结果基本吻合。为更进一步探究这几种主要油气指标在油气指示中的权重,采用主成分分析法对这几种指标进行分析,结果表明在琼东南盆地深水区,异丁烷、正丁烷、异戊烷为圈定油气远景区的重要指标。     

Failure pattern of brittle rock governed by initial microcrack characteristics

Fracturing processes of rock are simulated using a micro- and fracture mechanical-based numerical modeling approach. The numerical model considers material heterogeneity and initial microcrack distributions. The gradual formation of macroscopic fractures by coalesced microcracks is successfully reproduced. Distinct failure modes are observed in the model under different loadings. Agreement is shown between the numerical results and laboratory observations. The influence of microcrack orientations on the fracture patterns is quantified by the numerical models. Possible mechanisms describing the splitting failure of hard brittle rocks under uniaxial compression are proposed and discussed.

     

南海北部湾盆地乌石凹陷成藏主控因素与成藏模式

乌石凹陷发育优质烃源岩,具备优越的烃源条件,为油气的富集成藏提供了重要的前提。通过对乌石凹陷成藏主控因素深入分析,提出乌石凹陷不同构造单元的两种成藏模式。自古近纪以来,一方面乌石凹陷沉积多套不同类型的砂岩储集体,与上覆泥岩形成良好的储盖组合;另一方面,凹陷内主干断裂的发育演化不但控制了前期烃源岩的差异性沉积,同时还控制了后期已生成油气的运聚格局。在这一背景下,断裂活动与砂岩的沉积充填形成复杂的油气输导体系,加之长期差异性的油气生成控制了油气的空间分布,形成了乌石凹陷东区源内横向运移-垂向有限调节与乌石凹陷中区近源垂向运移-横向有限调节两种不同的油气成藏模式。乌石凹陷这一成藏特征的发现对后期勘探部署具有指导意义。     

卸荷状态下岩爆分析综述及展望

岩爆是在高地应力区地下洞室开挖卸荷过程中发生的,岩爆特征与岩石卸荷破坏特征密切相关。在回顾用卸荷岩石力学研究岩爆历史的基础上分别从试验研究、理论研究方面提出了当前卸荷状态下岩爆研究中存在的问题,并对今后的发展提出了一些看法。     

Obtaining Constitutive Relationship for Rate-Dependent Rock in SHPB Tests

A large number of tests have recently been conducted with the Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) method to determine the characteristics of rock dynamics. However, it is still impossible to get test results at a perfect constant strain rate from this set-up owing to the rate dependency of rock materials. For instance in most cases, dynamic behavior of rock can only be described with an average strain rate. The results from these methods, including rich strain rate information, frequently tend to be inexplicable or self-contradictory. The obtained stress–strain curves can then never be directly treated as constitutive curves as in static tests. In this paper, the reasons behind the controversial stress–strain results with current methods are analyzed. In addition, the requirement for the rock specimen to deform at a constant strain rate is demonstrated after theoretical analysis of correlations among specimen, deforming stress, incident stress, reflected stress and transmitted stress. With test results from SHPB by pulse shaper and special shape striker methods, the requirement is verified. Finally, the method of 3D scattergram considering stress–strain–strain rate simultaneously is brought up to get constitutive relationships of rate-dependent rock. The new method gives reasonable predictions for constitutive relationships of rock at different strain rates. At the same time, the new method has fewer requirements and has a wider application scope for SHPB tests.     

Stress redistribution of dynamic loading incident with arbitrary waveform through a circular cavity

In actual geotechnical and civil engineering, dynamic stress concentrations around cavities generated by wave sources widely exist. In this study, based on the complex variable theory and Fourier transform method, the expression of the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) around a circular cavity in infinite homogeneous media subjected to transient waves with arbitrary waveform is obtained. The relationships between both steady-state and transient DSCF and their waveform parameters are investigated quantitatively. The results indicate that a relatively large tensile stress is generated with low Poisson's ratio under steady-state incidence. Under the condition of transient incidence, the position of the wave peak has a minor effect on the DSCF in the case of small wavenumber, but it has a significant effect in the opposite case. It is found that when the wavenumber is high, such as 0.5, the stress response lags behind the stress wave. In addition, the closer the wave peak to the center of the waveform, the greater the potential damage of the transient incidence.     

中国近海裂陷盆地始新世构造变革的厘定及地质意义:以北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷为例

为明确始新世构造变革事件在中国近海盆地的表现形式和空间展布范围,揭示其动力学成因,以北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷为例,利用最新的地质资料,对始新世构造变革界面进行了精细厘定.结果表明:盆地在始新世中、晚期经历了裂陷作用南北转变、断裂体系转型、地层挠曲变形和沉积-沉降中心迁移等构造转换过程;始新世构造变革的发生与周缘板块重组所诱...