Advances, Problems and Prospects of Modern Geodesy Applied in Tibetan Geodynamic Changes

Modern geodetic techniques have developed rapidly in recent years, providing reliable observation data and new effective approaches, and greatly enhancing studies of the Tibetan geodynamics. For instance, the well-known GPS technique has been employed to measure seismic slips for many faults in the Tibetan Plateau. GPS data agree well with the hypothesis of a thickening crust and eastward mass flow. Moreover, absolute gravimetric data have been applied to interpret geophysical phenomena such as crust movement, co-seismic gravity change, GIA, and ground water change. The satellite gravity mission GRACE launched in 2002 provided global gravity models with unprecedentedly high precision and high spatial resolution. It has been used in implementing temporal gravity changes and improving our knowledge of the Earth’s interior, including lithosphere dynamics, mantle viscosity and rheology, plateau uplift, and subduction processing. It is noteworthy that gravity presents unique advantages for the study of Tibetan geodynamics because of its sensitivity to mass migration and dynamic redistribution. To date, great advances have been made in applying modern geodetic data in studying dynamic changes of Tibetan plateau. For instance, the horizontal displacement field from GPS data revealed dynamical characteristics of the present-day Tibetan plateau. The combination of gravity anomalies and topographic data describe the tectonic characteristics of Tibetan plateau. The combination of gravity data and GPS data show present properties of the Tibetan plateau such as crust thickening, Moho’s subsidence, and plateau uplift. GRACE data were used to estimate the distribution of ice/snow melting.     

2000—2020年中国省际人口迁移格局的演化特征及影响因素

准确认识和把握21世纪前20年中国人口迁移的地理格局和影响因素,是推动新型城镇化建设及区域均衡发展的关键科学问题。借助特征向量空间滤波泊松伪最大似然估计（ESF PPML）引力模型,基于第六次和第七次全国人口普查数据、2005年和2015年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,研究了2000—2020年中国省际人口迁移的时空演化特征及影响因素。主要结论为：① 2000—2020年间人口迁移格局总体稳定,具有较强的不平衡性和网络溢出效应,大量人口从中部、西部、东北地区迁移至东部地区;② 人口迁移格局稳中有变,不平衡程度和空间集聚程度逐渐减弱,人口迁移和人口分布显现出南北分异趋势,东北地区人口迁出强度不断增强; ③ 传统引力模型因素（人口规模、地理距离）、地区社会经济发展因素（工资差异、科技教育投入占比、医疗水平）、社会网络因素、环境舒适度（PM_2.5浓度）以及生活成本（住宅价格占比）共同影响人口迁移格局;④ 区域经济差异对省际人口迁移的影响作用逐步弱化,人口迁移逐渐转变为对工资收入、高质量公共服务、环境舒适度等多因素考虑的决策过程,生活成本逐渐对人口迁移产生显著影响。     

High-quality Development Paths of Ice-snow Tourism in China from the Perspective of the Winter Olympics

Preparations for the Beijing Winter Olympics have promoted the rapid development of ice-snow tourism in China, which contributes to achieving the goal of having “300 million people participate in ice-snow sports”. This paper analyzes the status quo and problems associated with the growth of ice-snow tourism in China based on the methods of documentation and field investigation. The results indicate that China’s efforts have born abundant fruits. Notwithstanding, there are still some problems due to the limited time and hastened process of ice-snow tourism development, including unreasonable exploitation, low-quality products and services, imperfect investment and financing system, inadequate management, a single marketing mode, and insufficient talent teams. Compared with developed countries in Europe and the United States, ice-snow tourism in China is in the stage of rapid development. To achieve the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China, this paper proposes actions from eight aspects which involve policy, products and services, marketing, safety management and control, talent teams, standardization construction, science and technology, and community participation. This study can provide references for the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China, as well as perfecting Chinese theoretical research on ice-snow tourism.     

基于PLSR的典型沼泽湿地植物叶片性状与光谱模型构建——以三江国家级自然保护区为例

通过植物光学特性测量叶片性状是一种非破坏性的、长期的湿地动态监测方法。选择三江国家级自然保护区多种典型湿地植物为研究对象,探究植物性状与叶片光谱之间的联系。研究表明：叶片氮含量与光谱的模型构建效果最好,模型R²为0.61,均方根误差（RMSE）为2.3862;叶片含水量、叶片磷、可溶性糖、纤维素和木质素含量之和的模型一般,R²在0.38~0.55范围内,RMSE在0.0004~10.7019范围内;淀粉含量拟合效果较差, R²为0.29,RMSE为0.0106。光谱预测重要性的结果表明,可见光与近红外边缘范围内的光谱信息对于叶片含水量、叶片氮含量、叶片磷含量、单位叶面积质量、纤维素和木质素之和、可溶性糖和淀粉的预测具有最高的重要性。     

苏州湿地自然科普现状与思考

以苏州湿地自然教育近10年的探索实践为例,总结了苏州自然科普“阵地+队伍+课程”的经验与成效,指出目前存在人员专业度、稳定性和行业认可度等问题,并提出自然科普专业课程、“双轨制”人才培养模式和校本教材3方面的对策建议,以期为我国湿地自然科普发展实践提供参考。     

基于生态功能区划的黄河三角洲土地资源优化配置

土地资源的优化配置作为一种手段,其实质是依据土地类型本身的生态适宜性及其结构格局的差异性,运用人工技术调控的方法对有悖于自然生态结构的现状利用结构进行优化调整与安排,从而达到土地利用系统功能趋优的目的。论文首先从生态学的角度,根据黄河三角洲生态区划优化配置原则,对土地资源适宜方向与土地利用现状相匹配,甄别出需要调整的类型,构建黄河三角洲土地资源优化配置模型。其次基于该模型,利用GIS软件分析模块,实现土地资源优化配置。最后采用土地资源利用综合适宜度指数,对黄河三角洲土地资源优化配置效果进行评价,进一步说明了按照生态功能区划原则进行土地资源优化效果很好,具有一定的创新性。     

黔东南冰雹集中期和集中度气候特征分析

基于贵州省黔东南地区1961―2008年1―12月16个台站冰雹观测资料,引入了表征冰雹事件时间分配特征新参数——冰雹事件集中度和集中期,对黔东南地区冰雹事件年内非均匀性特征进行分析。结果表明:黔东南地区冰雹事件集中度及集中期的平均和异常空间分布均存在很大区域差异,异常空间分布根据地形可分为4个区;从时间演变上看,各区年内冰雹事件集中度与集中期均表现出显著的年代振荡特征,各区年代际变化特征不一致;黔东南区域年内冰雹事件集中度和集中期表现出反向变化趋势。     

紫外辐射增强对不同发育阶段荒漠藻结皮光合作用的影响

 以腾格里沙漠东南缘自然植被区、51龄和26龄人工植被区藻结皮为研究对象,模拟研究了2%紫外辐射增强对不同发育阶段结皮叶绿素a含量(Chl-a)和净光合速率的影响。结果表明:①紫外辐射增强显著抑制了51龄和26龄人工植被区藻结皮的Chl-a含量(P<0.05),紫外辐射增强后不同发育阶段藻结皮的Chl-a含量无显著差异(P<0.05); ②紫外辐射增强显著抑制了3个植被区藻结皮的净光合速率(P<0.05),紫外辐射增强处理后,自然植被区,51龄和26龄人工植被区藻结皮的最大净光合速率分别为1.8、2.2 μmol·m-2·s-1和1.9 μmol·m-2·s-1,比对照分别下降了21%~49%,12%~22%和24%~59%。方差分析表明,紫外辐射增强后,3个发育阶段的藻结皮净光合速率无显著差异(P<0.05)。本研究表明,紫外辐射增强通过降低荒漠藻结皮的光合色素含量,减少了结皮的净光合速率,从而会对荒漠区藻结皮的生产力产生影响。     

河北平原沉积物中记录的新仙女木事件

河北平原的高阳、羊二庄、南庄头孢粉剖面和阳原、怀涿盆地的冻融褶皱清楚地记录了冰期向全新世过渡中的新仙女木气候逆转事件.河北平原的新仙女木降温事件以冷干为特征,降温幅度约8℃.     

2011年全国地理期刊编辑出版年会在福州召开(英文)

The Annual Meeting of China’s Geographical Journals Editing was held in Fuzhou city onApril 21-25, 2011. This meeting was co-sponsored by the Working Committee for Editing