中国对虾触角腺组织结构和功能的初步研究

在光镜和透射电镜下观察中国对虾 (Penaeus chinensis)触角腺的组织结构和细胞超微结构 ,并对其生理功能进行了初步探讨。光镜观察显示 :触角腺由体腔囊、迷路和原肾管 3部分组成。开放的血窦和动脉小血管分布在体腔囊和迷路小管之间。电镜观察研究表明 :1体腔囊壁由足细胞和基膜组成 ,足细胞以足状突起连接于基膜上 ,血窦和动脉小血管中的血淋巴液滤入体腔囊形成原尿。足细胞吸收原尿中的大分子物质 ,并行细胞内消化与解毒作用。 2迷路小管上皮细胞游离面具发达的微绒毛 ,细胞基部质膜形成大量内褶。迷路具有对原尿中的大分子物质、水及无机离子进行重吸收的功能 ,并能排泄机体代谢废物 ,参与渗透压调节。 3原肾管上皮细胞基部质膜和侧膜向细胞内形成更深更多的质膜内褶 ,细胞进一步重吸收管腔中的水及无机离子 ,并通过活跃的无机离子代谢作用 ,在形成中国对虾高渗、浓缩尿中发挥重要作用     

栉孔扇贝(Chlamys (Azumapecten) farreri) 消化盲囊的组织学和组织化学的研究

运用石蜡切片法、透射电镜技术及组织化学方法，对栉孔扇贝的消化盲囊进行了研究。结果表明消化盲囊的腺上皮由消化(吸收)细胞和分泌细胞组成，消化(吸收)细胞顶端有微绒毛，细胞内有酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、脂酶和酯酶活性，还含有糖原和脂肪。是进行食物的细胞内消化和营养物质吸收的主要场所，并有储存能量的功能；分泌细胞内含粗面内质网、高尔基体和分泌颗粒，具有酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性。并含有丰富的RNA和蛋白质，有分泌消化酶的功能；消化盲囊导管上皮细胞顶端有纤毛和微绒毛，细胞内有酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶及脂酶活性，也能分泌消化酶。消化(吸收)细胞浅部的细胞质及其释放到盲囊腔中的胞质团中含铁；各部位不含钙。     

东北地区资源型产业发展特征及对策建议

通过资源型产业竞争力和空间集聚扩散等分析,得出以下结论：① 东北地区资源型产业基础地位明显,具有良好的结构效应,但相比全国资源型产业的发展,行业竞争力相对较弱。② 资源型产业空间分布不均衡,不同城市对资源型产业依赖程度各异。③ 不同资源型产业的空间集聚与扩散态势及演化路径不同。针对这些特征,提出东北地区应针对不同资源型产业实施差异化的产业调整方案、加快技术创新体系建设提高资源型产业附加值、以产业区为空间支点推动资源型产业政策精准化、以大型企业集团为抓手推动资源型产业空间优化配置和利用境内境外两种资源保障东北地区资源型产业持续发展等方面提出了对策建议。     

Chemical mechanism of flocculation and deposition of clay colloids in coastal aquifers

Seawater intrusion has become one of serious environmental problems in coastal areas. During the replacement of saline water by fresh water in the aquifers, in-situ clay could be released, transport and deposit in the porous media due to the change of hydrodynamic and geochemical conditions, which resulted in the increasing of particle size, plugging of pores and reduction of the permeability. Batch experiments and sand column experiments were explored to study the relationships between the flocculation of in-situ clay and geochemical conditions, by changing ionic strength and ionic type of clay suspension. Column outflow was analyzed for suspended particles and electrical conductivity. The total percentage of colloid straining and interception distribution in porous media was calculated. The results indicate that porous media had an effect on the interception of clay colloid particles with about 10 percent clay colloids captured due to the rough surfaces and spatial structure of porous media. Ionic strength played a key role on the permeability reductions. The higher ionic strength is, the greater the amount of colloidal particles trapped. Ionic type also had a significant effect on the interception of clay colloid particles. Ripening was the main mechanism for the interception within porous media when the bulk solution was potassium chloride while blocking happened when the bulk solution was sodium chloride. The distribution of clay colloids in porous media was heterogeneous. The closer to the sand column inlet was the less interception of clay colloids was. The results can provide the scientific basis for preventing the water sensitivity during the process of salty aquifer restoration.     

春季黄海浮游植物生态分区:物种组成

Phytoplanktonic ecological provinces of the Yellow Sea(31.20°–39.23°N, 121.00°–125.16°E) is derived in terms of species composition and hydrological factors(temperature and salinity). 173 samples were collected from 40 stations from April 28 to May 18, 2014, and a total of 185 phytoplanktonic algal species belonging to 81 genera of 7phyla were identified by Uterm?hl method. Phytoplankton abundance in surface waters is concentrated in the west coast of Korean Peninsula and Korea Bay, and communities in those areas are mainly composed of diatoms and cyanobacteria with dominant species of Cylindrotheca closterium, Synechocystis pevalekii, Chroomonas acuta,Paralia sulcata, Thalassiosira pacifica and Karenia mikimotoi, etc. The first ten dominant species of the investigation area are analyzed by multidimensional scaling(MDS) and cluster analysis, then the Yellow Sea is divided into five provinces from Province I(P-I) to Province V(P-V). P-I includes the coastal areas near southern Liaodong Peninsula, with phytoplankton abundance of 35 420×10~3–36 163×10~3 cells/L and an average of 35 791×10~3 cells/L, and 99.84% of biomass is contributed by cyanobacteria. P-II is from Shandong Peninsula to Subei coastal area. Phytoplankton abundance is in a range of 2×10~3–48×10~3 cells/L with an average of 24×10~3cells/L, and 63.69% of biomass is contributed by diatoms. P-III represents the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Diluted Water. Phytoplankton abundance is 10×10~3–37×10~3 cells/L with an average of 24×10~3 cells/L, and 73.14% of biomass is contributed by diatoms. P-IV represents the area affected by the Yellow Sea Warm Current.Phytoplankton abundance ranges from 6×10~3 to 82×10~3 cells/L with an average of 28×10~3 cells/L, and 64.17% of biomass is contributed by diatoms. P-V represents the cold water mass of northern Yellow Sea. Phytoplankton abundance is in a range of 41×10~3–8 912×10~3 cells/L with an average of 1 763×10~3 cells/L, and 89.96% of biomass is contributed by diatoms. Overall, structures of phytoplankton community in spring are quite heterogeneous in different provinces. Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) result illustrates the relationship between dominant species and environmental factors, and demonstrates that the main environmental factors that affect phytoplankton distribution are nitrate, temperature and salinity.     

乌鲁木齐河流域积雪面积变化及其对径流的影响

积雪面积是干旱区分布式水文模型的重要输入因子,为了研究其与径流间的关系,基于MODIS数据提取乌鲁木齐河流域英雄桥站以上积雪面积,分析了流域近年来积雪面积变化特征,采用偏相关分析法阐明了降水和气温变化对积雪面积的影响,并利用多元逐步回归与通径分析研究了径流同积雪面积、降水、气温间的关系。结果表明:(1)流域积雪面积12月份达到最大,7月份达到最小,多年积雪面积变化呈不明显下降趋势;(2)气温对积雪面积的变化较降水更加敏感;(3)流域内各因素间的相互影响促进了径流的产生。     

国家气候中心短期气候预测模式系统业务化进展

该文简要介绍了国家气候中心短期气候预测模式系统的研发成果,并侧重于从海洋资料同化系统、陆面资料同化系统、月动力延伸预测模式系统、季节气候预测模式系统4个方面介绍了第2代短期气候预测模式系统的业务化进展。第2代海洋资料同化系统已初步建成,其对温盐的同化效果总体上优于第1代同化系统;陆面资料同化系统正在研发中,目前已完成其中的多源降水融合子系统的业务建设工作,可为陆面分量提供实时的大气降水强迫分析场;第2代月动力延伸预测系统基于国家气候中心大气环流模式BCC_AGCM2.2建立,已于2012年8月进入准业务运行阶段;第2代季节预测模式系统基于国家气候中心气候系统模式BCC_CSM1.1(m) 建立,将于2013年底投入准业务运行。初步评估表明:第2代月动力延伸预测模式系统和季节气候预测模式系统分别对候、旬、月和季节、年际时间尺度的气候变率体现出了一定的预测能力,其对降水、气温、环流等要素的预测技巧总体上要高于第1代预测系统。     

中国低温雨雪冰冻灾害危险性评估与区划

利用1960-2009年全国542个站点的常规气象观测资料,从灾害成因角度筛选评估指标,建立灾害危险性评估的气象指标体系,基于不同强度频率的评估思路构建综合危险性指数,对中国低温雨雪冰冻灾害危险性进行评估和区划.结果表明:(1)中国大部地区属于低危险区,高危险区主要集中于黑龙江—吉林—辽宁东部—内蒙古东部、新疆北部、青海南部—西藏东北部—甘肃南部.南方绝大部分地区均处于极低危险区.(2)南方地区内部相对高危险区主要集中在四川中南部—云南东北部—贵州西部、湖南东部、安徽南部—江西北部、河南北部.(3)高危险区的分布与地形、纬度均有着密切的关系.     

基于山西地震信息网络的安全风险与应急研究

针对地震行业网络运行的特殊需求,以目前运行的山西地震信息网络系统为研究平台,对其可能面临的安全风险进行分析,总结归纳网络安全隐患,结合实际运行经验与网络安全技术,给出进一步做好网络安全风险防范的建议,并针对一些常见网络突发事件,介绍山西地震信息网络的应对预案与流程.     

校园地下管线抗震评估初步探讨

对前人有关直埋地下管线的震害及其影响因素进行了简单总结,整理分析了前人关于管线震害评估的有关标准.结合某学院实际管网的资料,进行了各种管线的震害率计算,并对其进行了基于郭恩栋方法的震害等级评定及影响因素分析,得出:(1)设防烈度下管网系统在应急上能基本满足要求,但在使用功能上需进行修复;(2)对于断层影响,管道与断层应呈60°交角并采取抗震构造措施;(3)管网设计中应选用韧性、大口径、大曲率弯头的管材.