线扫描式机载LiDAR系统误差影响分析研究

机载LiDAR系统会受到多种误差源的影响,系统误差会给激光脚点的坐标带来系统偏差。针对安置向量误差、安置角误差、激光测距误差以及扫描角尺度因子误差这几种重要误差源,从机载LiDAR系统几何定位方程出发,推导了机载LiDAR系统误差影响计算公式,并结合模拟实验,分别研究了这几类误差源对激光脚点定位精度的影响规律,从理论上分析了各类误差对机载LiDAR系统定位精度的综合作用。文中的结果为设计系统检校方法并消除这些系统误差的影响提供理论依据,具有重要的参考价值。     

大气CO2浓度卫星遥感进展

大气CO2是重要的温室气体,CO2浓度及其空间分布是全球气候变化评估中的主要不确定性因素之一。从1998年以来,卫星遥感大气CO2成为获取全球CO2的重要手段。本文阐述了现阶段大气CO2浓度卫星遥感反演进展情况,包括CO2探测载荷、反演算法和算法验证等。同时,论文详细介绍了近红外波段和热红外波段的反演算法特点和不确定因素,并针对CO2反演应用需求提出了展望。     

天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川消融期反照率特征

消融期冰川反照率特征研究对于深入理解冰川消融过程及其对气候变化的响应机理具有重要意义。利用Landsat卫星影像反演反照率数据,MODIS逐日反照率产品数据以及野外观测反照率数据,分析了天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川2016年消融期（5—8月）反照率时空变化特征。研究表明：消融早期,冰川反照率空间变化不明显;消融中后期,总体上呈现随海拔的升高而增大的趋势,在平衡线附近增速最快。消融期冰川反照率整体呈下降趋势,而且在6—7月份变化最为剧烈。平衡线附近反照率时间变化尤其显著,积累区次之,消融区最弱。冰川反照率的时空变化主要由冰面特征决定。气温和固态降水是其驱动因素。冰川反照率随气温的升高而降低,但固态降水会打破其随气温的变化趋势,引起反照率的增加。污化物显著降低冰面反照率,尤其在可见光波段（380~760 nm）。此外,即使冰面特征相对均一,反照率还呈现随太阳入射角的增大而增大的趋势,主要由冰川局部地形（坡度与坡向）差异所致。     

Second Hydrocarbon—Generation from Organic Matter Trapped in Fluid Inclusions in Carbonate Rocks

The mechanism and significance of second hydrocarbon-generation from organic matter trapped in fluid inclusions in carbonate rocks are discussed.The types of organic matter and the relationship between them are also reviewed.The organic matter trapped in inclusions and crystals,which account for more than 20%of the total organic matter in carbonate rocks,may be of great significance in the generation of hydrocarbons.High-temperature oil resulting from second hydrocarbon-generation should be an important target,in addition to natural gas,in oilgas prospecting in regions of high-maturity carbonate rocks.     

氮肥及秸秆有益于提高设施番茄土壤芽孢杆菌及假单胞菌的种群数量

Root zone N management can reduce N fertilizer input and avoid nitrate pollution in greenhouse tomato production; however, little information is available on how reduced N affects soil microbes, especially dominant bacteria populations in long-term continuous greenhouse systems. This study investigated the effects of different combinations of N and straw on the population size of soil total bacteria and two dominant bacteria (Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp.), and microbial community structure in a 6-year greenhouse tomato trial. The treatments were basal fertilizer (10 t ha-1 chicken manure; control), conventional high N treatment [600 kg N ha-1], conventional high N treatment with wheat straw, reduced N treatment [300 kg N ha-1 less than conventional], and reduced N treatment with wheat straw. Six years of reduced mineral N fertilization did not lead to a decrease in fruit yield. Both mineral N fertilizer and straw increased the numbers of soil bacteria (Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.) compared with the control, but the numbers were not affected by the amount of mineral N fertilizer (high vs reduced). Different denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis patterns were evidence that soil bacterial communities were changed by N treatments and straw application, but little difference in bacterial diversity was detected between high N and reduced N treatments. These results indicated that a reduction in N fertilizer input was possible in greenhouse tomato production and was beneficial in sustainable agriculture.     

河北省坝上地区1971-2010年沙尘暴日数变化特征及与气象因素关系

利用1971-2010年地面气象观测资料,分析了坝上地区沙尘暴日数的季节变化和年变化特征及其与大风、降水、气温的关系。结果表明：坝上地区沙尘暴日数具有明显的季节性变化特征,春季沙尘暴日数最多,占全年沙尘暴日数的84.88%,秋季最少,仅占全年沙尘暴日数的1.39%,冬季沙尘暴日数多于夏季;从年变化特征上看,20世纪70年代沙尘暴发生日数最多,80年代减少,90年代达到最少,2000年后沙尘暴日数又开始增加,但总体来说沙尘暴日数呈现出波动中下降的趋势;年沙尘暴日数和年大风日数有显著的正相关,与前期、同期降水量没有达到显著相关,但是有着很好的对应关系,与年平均气温有显著的负相关。     

太湖贡湖湾2-甲基异莰醇（2-MIB）时空变化特征及影响因子

湖泊水体丝状蓝藻的大量出现会产生嗅味代谢物,引发由2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)主导的嗅味问题,威胁饮用水安全。太湖贡湖湾是苏州市、无锡市的重要饮用水源地,近年由2-MIB引起的水体嗅味问题时有出现,但相关研究鲜有报道。为掌握贡湖湾2-MIB时空变化特征及影响因子,研究分别于2022年3—12月和高温期间(7月29日—8月29日)开展逐月及高频调查。逐月调查结果显示,贡湖湾2-MIB浓度变化季节性差异显著,夏季浓度最高,可达124.3 ng/L。贡湖湾各点2-MIB的空间分布无明显差异。高频调查结果发现,高温期间贡湖湾入湖口附近水域2-MIB浓度变化剧烈,最高值可达1385 ng/L,超其嗅阈值(10 ng/L)近140倍。本文研究借助人工镜检及功能基因高通量测序技术,首次揭示拟浮丝藻是高温时段贡湖湾2-MIB的主要来源。主成分分析及相关性分析结果表明,水温、月均太阳辐射、总磷和叶绿素a是影响贡湖湾2-MIB逐月变化的关键环境因子。高温时段贡湖湾拟浮丝藻的时空变化主要受水温、日均太阳辐射、风力、硝态氮和溶解性总磷及微囊藻多个环境因子共同影响。