生态脆弱区社会—生态景观恢复力时空演变及情景模拟

从最具操作性的景观尺度探究社会—生态系统恢复力的时空分异及其演变,对于揭示人类活动变化对生态环境及其景观服务的影响机制,促进区域可持续发展意义重大。以黄土丘陵沟壑区米脂县作为典型案例地,从生态、社会、生产3个系统维度构建社会—生态景观恢复力评价指标体系,分析研究区各子系统和整体社会—生态景观恢复力时空演变及其相互关系。结果显示：① 研究区2000-2015年社会—生态景观3子系统恢复力空间分异显著且都有增强。其中,“退耕还林”第1阶段（2000-2009年）增强突出,生态、社会、生产三系统恢复力指数分别上升0.134、0.048、0.028;第2阶段（2009-2015年）增强相对减缓,生态、社会、生产三系统恢复力指数分别上升0.038、0.017、0.021。② 总体社会—生态景观恢复力空间分异同样显著,其恢复力指数上升11.60%,呈现中间高东西低的空间格局。③ 子系统与整体景观系统恢复力变化之间有主导性正向关系,且3个子系统恢复力变化协同关系显著,两个或三个系统协同率达到90%以上。最后,运用有序加权平均法,基于干扰指标与适应能力指标的不同权重设置情景偏好,绘制出“不可持续导向型”“维持现状型”和“可持续导向型”3种情景下的社会—生态景观恢复力模拟图,为区域景观适应性管理提供决策支持。     

Photoshop软件在影像数据接边中的应用

针对色调差异的影像接边后会存在接边缝隙、色调不统一等问题,本文提出一种利用Photoshop软件进行无缝接边的方法。藏区大比例尺基础地理信息数据采集项目DOM接边项目试生产验证表明,此方法解决了色调差异形成的接边缝隙、接边色调不统一、影像带地理坐标等问题,且该方法能满足接边精度要求。     

Sentinel-1和SBAS-InSAR分析钻井水溶岩盐矿山时序沉降

利用小基线集(SBAS)InSAR技术对钻井水溶岩盐矿山地表沉降开展时空分析。实验选取湖南常德某典型钻井水溶岩盐矿区为测试区,时间跨度为2016年2月—2017年2月的21景Sentinel-1影像数据,获取了测区的时序沉降序列。实验结果显示,矿区地表大量级沉降在2016年9月才开始呈现,沉降漏斗横向出现多峰值,矿区沉降整体空间分布上出现西南部整体片状、中部偏北离散带状沉降。这些沉降特征均与钻井水溶法开采特征保持一致。将实地水准测量形变数据和DInSAR形变结果与本文结果进行对比以评估结果可靠性。结果表明,SBAS技术获取结果与水准结果表现出较高一致性,从而为钻井水溶岩盐矿山地表沉降提供了一种更为有效的监测手段,也可为此类矿山地表形变时空演化规律分析提供参考。     

珠江口磨刀门月际尺度地貌演变研究

本文基于二维波流耦合泥沙数学模型对磨刀门河口月际尺度地貌演变进行了模拟研究。结果表明:（1）枯季,无波浪作用下,磨刀门河口总体呈淤积状态;波流耦合后,磨刀门河口整体由淤积转为以冲刷为主。洪季,无波浪作用下,磨刀门河口除西汊外均呈淤积状态;波流耦合后,拦门沙内坡与中心区转为冲刷状态,整体仍以淤积为主,但总淤积量减少;（2）月际尺度上,地貌变化幅度为厘米级,洪枯季具有明显差异。不考虑波浪作用下,磨刀门河口洪、枯季均以淤积为主,但洪季淤积幅度更大;波流耦合后,磨刀门河口呈洪淤枯冲的格局;（3）空间上,拦门沙外坡洪淤枯冲,拦门沙顶洪季淤积、枯季变化不大,内坡洪枯季均为冲刷。此外,拦门沙内坡以径潮流作用产生的底切应力为主,外坡以波浪作用引起的底切应力为主。     

Characteristics of Heavy Minerals and Quantitative Provenance Identification of Sediments from the Muddy Area Outside the Oujiang Estuary Since 5.8 kyr

The heavy mineral compositions of the sediments in core D04 with a length of 20.2 m from the muddy area outside the Oujiang Estuary along the coast of Zhejiang-Fujian Provinces have been analyzed. Core D04 can be divided into three units: DU1(0–7.4 m), DU2(7.4–11.4 m) and DU3(11.4–20.2 m). The results showed that the heavy minerals are authigenic pyrite(65.6%)– hornblende(16.0%) – epidote(4.6%) assemblages. The core sediments are mainly composed of clayey silt, which belongs to the clinoform deposit formed since 5.8 kyr, indicating a weak hydrodynamic environment. The deposition rates changed in the trend of high-low-high upward. Quantitative analysis shows that the core sediments were mainly from the suspended sediments of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River, accounting for 79.2%, with only 10.0% from Oujiang, and 10.8% from other provenance. The Oujiang-derived sediments were gradually increased from the bottom unit DU3(3.1%) to the top unit DU1(17.8%), but the Changjiang-derived sediments were gradually decreased. The source changes are closely related to the development of Yangtze River Delta and Wenzhou Bay, climate changes and human activities. During the period of 2.1–3.7 kyr, the sediment supply was greatly reduced due to the poor reclamation capacity of the river basins, resulting in a low deposition rate. Since 2 kyr, the enhancement of human activities in the Yangtze River Basin and the Oujiang River Basin led to more soils to be eroded and transported to the study area. Due to the short distance of the site of core D04 from the Oujiang River mouth, the study area received more Oujiang-derived sediments when upper unit(DU1) deposited than the lower units(DU2 and DU3).     

黔南斜坡相区二叠系层序地层序列及其年代地层对比

黔南斜坡相区的二叠系划分为１６个三级层序,４个层序组,分属于２个中层序。大多数三级层序的底界属整合界面,有良好的牙形石和化石带控制。该区二叠纪有４次重要的海平面下降事件,它们分别出现在牙形石Ｓｗｗｈｉｔｅｉ带底部,Ｓｗａｆｈａｎｚｈｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ带下部,ＪＸｕａｎｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ带下部以及Ｃｌｙｉｎｉ带底部。已识别的海进事件中,有３个最具地层划分和对比意义,分别出现在牙形石Ｎｅｘｃｕｌｐｔｕｓ带底部,Ｊｎａｎｋｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ带底部和Ｊｐｏｓｔｂｉｔｅｒｉ带下部,均伴随有重要的生物群替代。研究表明,沉积层序的关键界面对于进一步优化阶和生物时带的界线,使年代地层界线成为野外可识别的物理界面具有重要的潜在价值。     

地磁场模型计算软件的可视化设计与实现

介绍了准正交化勒让德（Legendre）谛合函数的数学性质和地磁场球谐分析方法,设计了地球磁场的计算软件,发现了模型磁场可有效地为野外地磁测量提供参考比对。     

渗透率变异系数的几种计算方法——以麻黄山西区块宁东油田2、3井区为例

渗透率变异系数VK反映样品偏离整体平均值的程度,是评价储层宏观非均质性的最重要参数。介绍了三种渗透率变异系数的计算方法：统计学方法、Dykstra H方法和洛伦兹曲线法,并用三种方法分别计算了宁东油田2、3井区的延8和延9层的渗透率变异系数,比较了三种方法的优缺点和适用范围。实践应用表明,洛伦兹曲线法比较适合本地区的研究,因为它所求出的VK值在0和1之间,具有较强的可比性,能很明确的反应各层位非均质性的程度,而且适合任何分布类型的油藏;统计学方法计算的渗透率变异系数在0~∞之间,用这种方法计算的VK很难建立起该油藏非均质程度的概念;Dykstra H方法适用范围很小,仅适应于渗透率接近于呈对数正态分布的油藏,对本区不太适合。     

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New Views on Global Change

Many cosmic facts , such as the earth orbit, the activity of the sun, the moon and the planet orbits and so on,may effect on geological processes on the earth including precipitation. It is a serious problem that the human being is facing with water deficiency. Global cooling and tectonic activity are the major factors of desertification and human action aggravates this process. It is time to do something to prevent the acceleration in the mature and artificial hazards. We must keep the balance of nature for sustainable development.