我国省级行政区域界线画法的技术研究

在笔者多年从事地图编辑和地图审查工作的实践基础上,对我国省级行政区域界线画法进行技术研究,提出我国省级行政区域界线画法需要掌握的基本知识和注意事项,供广大地图编制者和审查者在实际工作中借鉴和参考。     

藏东南超镁铁质岩墙及其地质意义

青藏高原东南部出露有大量近东西向展布的(超)镁铁质岩墙,锆石U?Pb年龄聚集在145～130 Ma之间。矿物学及岩石学结果显示：哲古错地区的亚碱性超镁铁苦橄质岩石源于150～180 km深处, 5～6 GPa下石榴石二辉橄榄岩地幔高比率的部分熔融; 碱性超镁铁质岩石源于石榴石-尖晶石二辉橄榄岩转换带,是低比率部分熔融的产物; 镁铁质岩石的岩浆在演化过程中遭受了低压下结晶分离作用的改造,不能代表原始岩浆的成份。藏东南(超)镁铁质岩石是不同深度地幔物质不同比率部分熔融的产物,亚碱性超镁铁苦橄质岩墙的出现指示了晚侏罗-早白垩印度板块北缘存在的高比率部分熔融的岩浆活动事件,暗示了地幔柱的存在和影响。     

济南市空气质量特征分析

根据济南市2001～2005年的空气质量日报资料,分析了济南市空气质量特征及其成因。结果表明,济南市近5年平均空气污染指数为96.2,良好率仅占64.7%,轻微污染和轻度污染每年平均124.8天,5年中中度污染以上天数为20天,空气污染总体较为严重。风速的大小与每日空气污染指数之间的关系近似呈U形分布特点,2m/s以下微风或静风会抑制污染物质的扩散、使污染物积聚,污染较重。在风速大于6m/s时,由于地面灰尘的扬起或上游沙尘的侵入,使空气中的可吸入颗粒物浓度再次升高。当地面风速在2～6m/s时,污染物浓度相对较低。中度以上的污染一种产生在气旋南部和冷锋前后,伴随风力较大、产生沙尘和扬沙天气,另一种伴有小风,在大气中悬浮着烟雾。空气质量为优的清洁日主要受冷锋后部的冷高压影响。     

利用无人机探测台风海鸥的气象要素特征

2008年7月18日对0807号台风海鸥进行了无人机探测工作。该次探测为中国大陆首次利用无人机直接向台风中心方向飞行, 进行台风基本气象要素的探测。无人机对台风海鸥进行了近4 h的飞行探测, 飞行高度为500 m, 距台风中心最近距离为108.4 km, 成功获得了探测时段内的温度、气压、相对湿度、风向、风速及海拔高度等基本气象要素数据。结果表明:气压和海拔高度呈显著性相关 (r=-0.98);距离台风中心越近, 气压越低, 风速越大, 温度也呈明显下降趋势; 地面至300 m的平均温度梯度为-1.02 ℃/100 m, 300~500 m的平均温度梯度为-0.46 ℃/100 m, 近地面的温度随高度变化较大; 探测时段内, 风速最大值为22.3 m/s, 平均值为15.1 m/s。     

甘肃降水和冰雹天气气候分析

选取２１个降水指标站和２０个冰雹指标站，分别代表甘肃省天气气候条件不同的地区，对其降水、冰雹天气进行分析，为提高预报准确率提供可靠依据。     

The Mineral Composition and Sources of the Fine-Grained Sediments from the 49.6°E Hydrothermal Field at the SWIR

We used the X-ray diffraction method to determine systematically the mineral phases in bulk sediment samples and acid undissolved residuals of the fine-grained fraction of the surface sediments from the 49.6°E hydrothermal field at the Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR)and discussed the mineral sources of the surface sediments.The results showed that the surface sediments in this region were composed of calcareous ooze,and calcite was the dominant mineral.The sediments also contained quartz,feldspar,clay minerals,pyroxene,sphalerite,barite,serpentine,and magnetite.The quartz,feldspar,and clay minerals were exogenous minerals that mainly originated from the Namib and Kalahari deserts in southern Africa.The pyroxene,serpentine,magnetite,sphalerite,calcite,and barite were endogenous minerals from weathering of seafloor basement rocks and seafloor hydrothermal activities.The sulfide particles in the sediments were mainly deposited from upwelling plumes.     

RS image fusion technique for information preservation

A simple spectral preserving image fusion technique, Edge Enhancement Color Normalized (EECN), was proposed to merge two kinds of image data. In addition, a mathematical model was also proposed to evaluate spectral property of the fused production of EECN. The results were clearly demonstrated by an image fusion experiment using Landsat-5 TM and IRS-1C Panchromatic images of Beijing, China. The visual evaluation and mathematical analysis compared with Brovey transform confirmed that the fused image of EECN is quite similar in color to the lower resolution multi-spectral images, and its space resolution is the same as the higher solution panchromatic image.     

Study of the Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Ni-P Deposits in a Sodium Chloride Medium

The corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P deposits with phosphorous contents from 12% to 14% in sodium chloride solutions was studied. The deposits were immersed in 3.5% NaCl solutions for 29 d to obtain the electrochemical parameters and were examined in a standard salt spray test for 15 d respectively. The corrosion resistance of the deposits was studied by poten- tio-dynamic scan, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cold-field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX). The patterns of XRD and the results of FE-SEM showed that the prepared deposits were amorphous. But after a 15 d standard salt spray test, a few pinholes appeared on the surface of the deposit and the weight content of phosphorus on the surface of the deposit was higher (which was beneficial to the formation of the passivation films) than that before the standard salt spray test when the nickel content was lower because the dissolved weight of nickel was greater than that of phosphorus. The results from potentio-dynamic scan and EIS showed that passivation films formed on the Ni-P deposit after immersion in the NaCl solutions, which decreased the corrosion rate of Ni-P samples. The results of this work show their potential applications in marine corrosion.     

南极普里兹湾表层沉积物中磷的形态分布特征

针对多次南极考察中雪龙号在普里兹湾海域获取的表层沉积物样品,分析了该海域沉积物中各形态磷的含量,并讨论了其分布特征和控制因素。结果表明,表层沉积物总磷含量介于416.1×10-6—676.3×10-6之间,平均为543.5×10-6,主要由碎屑磷(平均为209.9×10-6)和自生磷(平均为137.7×10-6)组成。自生磷、有机磷呈现从湾东部至西部逐渐降低的分布趋势,这种分布与有机碳、生物硅等生源要素的分布以及上层水体生产力的高低相吻合,指示了其海洋生源属性;碎屑磷在湾西部含量较高,其分布与沉积物中铝、砂质的分布模式一致,表明其主要来自堆积在西部浅滩区域冰山携带的陆源砂质碎屑。可交换态磷(平均为36.0×10-6)和铁结合磷(平均为47.1×10-6)在沉积物中含量较低,分别受沉积物粒度和铁含量的控制,仅在湾东部和中心个别站位含量较高。生物可利用磷在湾东部和中心区域含量较高,可能与上述区域较高的生源颗粒物沉降速率有关,同时这些颗粒物可能吸附了水体中的磷进入沉积物中,导致对应底层海水磷酸盐浓度相对降低。     

Significance of different microalgal species for growth of moon jellyfish ephyrae, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aurelia</Emphasis> sp.1

The scyphozoan Aurelia aurita (Linnaeus) sp. l., is a cosmopolitan species-complex which blooms seasonally in a variety of coastal and shelf sea environments around the world. The effects of different microalgal species on the growth of newly-released Aurelia sp.1 ephyrae were studied under laboratory conditions. We fed ephyrae with four different microalgal species (diatom, autotrophic dinoflagellate, heterotrophic dinoflagellate, and chlorophyta) plus Artemia nauplii for 12-24 d at 18°C. Results showed that the growth rate diverged significantly for Artemia nauplii compared to other food types. In addition, there was no significant variation between the growth rates for Skeletonema costatum and Prorocentrum donghaiense, and no significant variation was found in the growth rates for N. scintillans and P. subcordiformis. Artemia nauplii could support the energy requirement for the newly-released ephyrae to develop to meduase, and the ephyrae with Artemia nauplii showed a significant average growth rate of 25.85% d^?1. Newly-released ephyrae could grow slightly with some species of microalgae in the earliest development stage. Chain diatom Skeletonema costatum and autotrophic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense, could not support the growth of the ephyrae, while heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans and chlorophyta Platymonas subcordiformis could support the growth of the ephyrae. However, none of the ephyrae fed with the tested phytoplankton could mature to medusae.