马边地震带发震构造背景的初步研究

北北西向的马边－盐津隐伏深断裂是马边地震带形成的主要条件，尤其被东西向甘洛－沐川深断裂和盐津－叙永深断裂转限的段落是强震多发段。地壳表层有北北西向马边－盐津断裂组和地面微隆起带，但地表断裂与陷伏深断裂并不连通，且地表断裂走向与结构复杂多变，这是造成马边地震带强震地面破坏效应及地震影响场特点的基本原因。     

Tomographic determination of 3-D crustal structure — Joint inversion of explosion and earthquake data

In this paper, the theory and method, obtaining the tomographic determination of three-dimensional velocity structure of the crust by use of the joint inversion of explosion and earthquake data, are given. The velocity distribution of the crust is regarded as a continuous function of the spatial coordinates without parametrization of the velocity model ahead, so that the inversion solution would not be influenced by different parametrization procedures. The expressions of integration kernels, which relates the two kinds of data sets, are also given. The authors have processed the observed data in Tangshan earthquake region by the method proposed in this paper, and obtained the tomographic results of the middle and upper crust structures in this region. The comparison of these results with the result obtained only by the explosion data, has also been made.     

Non-stationary random seismic responses of non-uniform beams

In this paper, a direct Ritz method is presented for analysing the responses of non-uniform shear beams subjected to the action of an evolutionary random seismic excitation. Because of the use of a pseudo ground acceleration, time-dependent random responses can conveniently be calculated by solving a set of deterministic equations of motion. These responses include power spectral densities, variances and higher spectral moments of any required responses of the beam. A non-uniform beam example was solved and the time-dependent variances and second spectral moments of both the beam-top displacement and the beam-base shear force are given to show the simplicity and effectiveness of the method, which can also easily be applied to other continuous elastic structures.     

三维井间地震侧面波传播特征及其分离研究

井间地震与常规地震相比具有较高的分辨率,同时波场也更加复杂.利用视速度特征的差异很容易地分离井间上下行波场,根据纵横波偏振特征的不同可将纵横波完全分离,但是针对井间地震侧面波的研究并不多.本文构建高速透镜体和断层模型进行波场数值模拟,通过对三维地震波场的传播特征进行分析可知,井间地震接收的波场既有岩性分界面的响应,还会有侧向地质不均匀体产生的干扰,严重影响成像的质量和精度.经偏振旋转后的T分量记录对物性横向变化较为敏感,综合分析X、Y、Z分量和T分量上不同连井剖面的波场传播特征,可对侧向传播的干扰波进行有效识别,利用线性Radon变换可以在一定程度上将侧面波进行压制,为后续井间地震资料处理提供高信噪比的数据.本文通过理论模型进行试算研究,验证了该方法的有效性,并对理论记录取得了较好的分离效果.     

2019年长宁6.0级与夏河5.7级地震前的地磁日变化异常

运用地磁低点位移、地磁加卸载响应比和地磁逐日比三种地磁日变化异常分析方法,分析了2019年6月17日长宁6.0级和10月28日夏河5.7级地震前的地磁前兆异常现象.研究发现,两次地震前三种方法分析的结果均出现了异常,两次地震均发生在异常集中交汇区域.综合分析表明,应用地磁低点位移、加卸载响应比和逐日比预测区叠加法可以提高震中位置预测的准确度.     

Estimation of peak relative velocity and peak absolute acceleration of linear SDOF systems

In the seismic analysis and design of structures, the true velocity and absolute acceleration are usually approximated by their corresponding pseudo-values. This approach is simple and works well for structures with small damping (say, less than 15%). When the damping of a structure is enhanced for the purpose of response reduction, it may result in large analysis and design errors. Based on theory of random vibration and the established mechanism of seismic response spectra analysis, a method is developed (1) to predict the relative velocity spectra with any damping ratio level directly from the 5% standard pseudo-acceleration spectrum; and (2) to estimate the peak absolute acceleration. The accuracy of both is validated by using two selected ensembles of ground motion records.     

Study on the relationship between geothermal exploitation and seismic activity in Xi’an region

Based on the analysis of the induced earthquakes in China and abroad, we get some ideas about earthquakes induced by pumping water out of a well or injecting water into a well. The induced earthquakes usually occur near the well, and they are generally small earthquakes. The earthquake sources are shallow, and they belong to the main shock-after shock type of earthquake or the swarm-type of earthquake. The magnitude and the quantity of the induced earthquakes obviously depend on the pressure and the quantity of water pumped or injected. These earthquakes happen as soon as pumping or injecting occurrence, or after ten or twenty days, they may occur at the time of injecting mud or injecting high pressure water when a well is being drilled, or at the time when the ground water is being normally exploited. A large quantity of hot water has been exploited since 1990 in Xi’an, and the quantity of water exploited has been increasing year by year, as a result the groundwater level has been dropping with the water pumped out and the water level is high in summer and low in winter. The earthquakes in Xi’an region belong to the solitary-type and they spread outside Xi’an city where the wells are concentrated but no earthquake happens. The seismic frequency and the energy released have no relation with the quantity of water exploitation or the water level in the well. It is considered that geothermal exploitation does not induce earthquakes in and around Xi’an because of its specially geological condition. Foundation item: Project sponsored by the Landslide Office of Shaanxi Province and Society of Disaster Reduction of Shaanxi Province.     

Investigation of a landslide in the new site of Badong County by integrated geophysical survey

An integrated geophysical survey which combines vertical seismic profile method, shallow reflection seismic method, electric sounding, soil temperature measurement and radioactive gas measurement was used to investigate Zhaoshuling landslide in the new site of Badong County and to assess the stability of the landslide. By rational use of these methods together with borehole geological profile and other geological information, the spatial distribution of the landslide body, the formations and structures within and without the landslide body were determined and the stability of the landslide was also assessed, thus making great contribution to the successful and rational investigation and assessment of the landslide.     

历史地震与滑坡灾害

通过对我国中强地震诱发滑坡或产生次生灾害的实例的研究，认为，地震作用是诱发滑坡灾害的重要因素之一。提出加强中强地震史料的发掘和研究，进行地震诱发滑坡、古滑坡或古地震的考察，是历史地震工作者在新形势下服务于国民经济建设、拓宽社会服务领域的重要方向之一。     

小江断裂带中段盆地的发育阶段及其与区域构造运动的关系

小江断裂带中段新生代发育的系列盆地，根据其发育阶段可分为始新世—渐新世、上新世—早更新世、中更新世—晚更新世和晚更新世—全新世４个阶段，并根据发育持续性可分为继承性、阶段性、复活性、新生性４种类型。由大比例尺填图所获资料及前人成果，介绍了各阶段盆地的分布特征和成因机制，讨论了盆地发育与区域构造运动、断裂活动的关系