玉米的产量因素分析

本文通过对玉米产量和玉米各生育期长度、茎杆重、籽粒茎杆比等产量因素的分析,找到影响玉米最终产量形成的主要因素是乳熟至成熟期长度及茎杆重,即只有经过充分营养生长且有足够籽粒成熟时间的玉米才能获得高产。     

Discussion on the complete-form vorticity equation and slantwise vorticity development

The complete form of the vertical vorticity tendency equation (the complete-form vorticity equation) is derived from the Ertel potential vorticity equation to contain thermodynamic factors. In this study, a new complete-form vorticity equation, which has the same form as the original complete-form vorticity equation, is deduced from the absolute vorticity vector equation combined with the continuity equation and the expression of three-dimensional (3D) entropy gradient. By comparing the complete-form vorticity equation with the classical vertical vorticity equation, it is found that regardless of whether or not the isentropic surface is tilting, the two vorticity equations are in essence the same. The “baroclinic term” of the complete-form vorticity equation is exactly equal to the solenoidal term of the classical one, and there is a significant amount of cancellation between the two baroclinic items (the “slantwise term” and the horizontal vorticity change term) in the complete-form vorticity equation. In operational weather analysis, the tilt of the isentropic surface can be diagnosed according to the density of the isotherm on the upper-level isobaric map. For synoptic-scale motion, the vertical vorticity produced by the tilt of the isentropic surface is due to the contribution of atmospheric baroclinicity, which is measured by the solenoid. The 3D solenoid is parallel to the isentropic surface, so the more tilted the isentropic surface, the bigger the projection of the 3D solenoid in the vertical direction. The baroclinic contribution can be interpreted based on the PV thinking theory, but the relationship between the vorticity field and the potential vorticity field is not immediate.     

An algorithm to retrieve precipitation with synthetic aperture radar

This paper presents a new type of rainfall retrieval algorithm, called the model-oriented statistical and Volterra integration. It is a combination of the model-oriented statistical (MOS) and Volterra integral equation (VIE) approaches. The steps involved in this new algorithm can be briefly illustrated as follows. Firstly, information such as the start point and width of the rain is obtained through pre-analysis of the data received by synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Secondly, the VIE retrieval algorithm is employed over a short distance to obtain information on the shape of the rain. Finally, the rain rate can be calculated by using the MOS retrieval algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and simple, and can lead to time savings of nearly 50% compared with MOS. An example of application of SAR data is also discussed, involving the retrieval of precipitation information over the South China Sea.     

从不同的陆面资料看城市化对北京强降水的影响

2004年7月10日,北京地区出现了一次强降水过程.该次过程主要是由中尺度对流云团的活动造成的,整个大环流形势给暴雨的发展提供了水汽条件.分析近地面的特征场发现,在降水发生前1-2 h,北京城区存在一个暖中心,其温度比周边地区高出2-3 ℃,存在明显的热岛现象.该城市热岛现象的出现,使得城区的气压相对较低,郊区有较冷空气向城区辐合,有利于城区产生上升运动,形成对流降水.另外,对该次过程的数值模拟结果表明,使用了最新的陆面资料的模拟结果明显好于没有使用最新的陆面资料的模拟结果.这在一定程度上说明了城市热岛效应对该次强降水具有一定的影响.     

煤矿瓦斯浓度与气象因子相关分析及预报模型

对山西省大同市地方煤矿1979~1997年发生的90起重大典型事故案例进行分析,发现瓦斯事故是发生次数最多,占事故总数的33%,而其造成的灾害也最重。瓦斯浓度的高低与气象因子具有一定的相关性,通过统计计算,得出了旬瓦斯浓度与旬气温、旬气压的相关关系,建立了旬瓦斯浓度预报模型和逐日瓦斯浓度等级预报模型,预报拟合率和试报效果较好。利用该研究成果,结合中短期天气预报,可以提前预报瓦斯浓度的变化趋势,对于搞好煤矿安全生产的管理,及时加大通风,减少事故发生具有重要意义。     

一次大暴雨过程的物理量诊断分析

本文利用2005年7月16日至18日的高空资料,对7月18日发生在广元的大暴雨天气过程进行了热力学和动力学诊断分析,结果表明:(1)在暴雨出现前,大气有一个能量聚集、湿层增厚的过程;(2)湿Q矢量辐合中心对应暴雨区,越接近强降水出现时间,诊断效果越好。     

SIMPLIFICATION OF THE OXYGEN-ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT FORMULA IN MICROWAVE BAND

Study of the oxygen-absorption coefficient in 5mm wave band is important for remote sensing of theatmospheric temperature profile from satellites or ground.In order to obtain the atmospheric temperatureprofile rapidly and accurately,it is necessary to have a simple,but accurate formula of the oxygen-absorp-tion coefficient.In this paper,formulae of the oxygen-absorption coefficient in a certain range of tempera-ture-pressure and at a standard isobaric surface have been derived.These formulae may substitute for Meeks-Lilley formula in remote sensing of the atmosphere.     

A synergic algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical depth over land

In this paper, a novel algorithm for aerosol optical depth(AOD) retrieval with a 1 km spatial resolution over land is presented using the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) dual-view capability at 0.55, 0.66 and 0.87 μm, in combination with the Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model, a product of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The BRDF characteristics of the land surface, i.e. prior input parameters for this algorithm, are computed by extracti...     

江西夏季雷电天气热力条件及不稳定指数对比分析

选取2007年夏季两次强度不同的致灾雷电过程进行对比,并将其能量参数与典型历史个例进行比较。结果表明：（1）副高位置、500hPa低槽移速、中尺度辐合系统以及热力结构的差异是导致雷暴强度不同的原因之一;（2）中尺度辐合系统移向鄱阳湖时,对流天气更加剧烈,但对大尺度系统鄱阳湖的阻挡作用不显著;（3）对流层上干下湿的特征越明显,强雷电发生的概率越大;（4）CAPE〉632J/kg,K〉34℃,Si〈0℃,Li〈0℃,TT〉43℃,SSI〉43可以作为江西致灾雷电发生的阈值,超过阈值越多,强对流天气发生的概率越大;（5）能量参数的演变对致灾雷电的潜势预测、强度判别具有较好的指示,夏季对流参数的指示意义较春季更好。