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121.
In operational data assimilation systems, observation-error covariance matrices are commonly assumed to be diagonal.However, inter-channel and spatial observation-error correlations are inevitable for satellite radiances. The observation errors of the Microwave Temperature Sounder(MWTS) and Microwave Humidity Sounder(MWHS) onboard the FengYun-3A(FY-3A) and FY-3B satellites are empirically assigned and considered to be uncorrelated when they are assimilated into the WRF model's Community Variational Data Assimilation System(WRFDA). To assimilate MWTS and MWHS measurements optimally, a good characterization of their observation errors is necessary. In this study, background and analysis residuals were used to diagnose the correlated observation-error characteristics of the MWTS and MWHS. It was found that the error standard deviations of the MWTS and MWHS were less than the values used in the WRFDA. MWTS had small inter-channel errors, while MWHS had significant inter-channel errors. The horizontal correlation length scales of MWTS and MWHS were about 120 and 60 km, respectively. A comparison between the diagnosis for instruments onboard the two satellites showed that the observation-error characteristics of the MWTS or MWHS were different when they were onboard different satellites. In addition, it was found that the error statistics were dependent on latitude and scan positions.The forecast experiments showed that using a modified thinning scheme based on diagnosed statistics can improve forecast accuracy. 相似文献
122.
Xiaoping Liu Jialv He Jinbao Zhang Haolin Liang Huan Wang 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(8):1675-1696
Urban land use information plays an important role in urban management, government policy-making, and population activity monitoring. However, the accurate classification of urban functional zones is challenging due to the complexity of urban systems. Many studies have focused on urban land use classification by considering features that are extracted from either high spatial resolution (HSR) remote sensing images or social media data, but few studies consider both features due to the lack of available models. In our study, we propose a novel scene classification framework to identify dominant urban land use type at the level of traffic analysis zone by integrating probabilistic topic models and support vector machine. A land use word dictionary inside the framework was built by fusing natural–physical features from HSR images and socioeconomic semantic features from multisource social media data. In addition to comparing with manual interpretation data, we designed several experiments to test the land use classification accuracy of our proposed model with different combinations of previously acquired semantic features. The classification results (overall accuracy = 0.865, Kappa = 0.828) demonstrate the effectiveness of our strategy that blends features extracted from multisource geospatial data as semantic features to train the classification model. This method can be applied to help urban planners analyze fine urban structures and monitor urban land use changes, and additional data from multiple sources will be blended into this proposed framework in the future. 相似文献
123.
Joshua S. Halofsky Jessica E. Halofsky Miles A. Hemstrom Anita T. Morzillo Xiaoping Zhou Daniel C. Donato 《Climatic change》2017,142(1-2):83-95
While ecosystem services and climate change are often examined independently, quantitative assessments integrating these fields are needed to inform future land management decisions. Using climate-informed state-and-transition simulations, we examined projected trends and tradeoffs for a suite of ecosystem services under four climate change scenarios and two management scenarios (active management emphasizing fuel treatments and no management other than fire suppression) in a fire-prone landscape of dry and moist mixed-conifer forests in central Oregon, USA. Focal ecosystem services included fire potential (regulating service), timber volume (provisioning service), and potential wildlife habitat (supporting service). Projections without climate change suggested active management in dry mixed-conifer forests would create more open forest structures, reduce crown fire potential, and maintain timber stocks, while in moist mixed-conifer forests, active management would reduce crown fire potential but at the expense of timber stocks. When climate change was considered, however, trends in most ecosystem services changed substantially, with large increases in wildfire area predominating broad-scale trends in outputs, regardless of management approach (e.g., strong declines in timber stocks and habitat for closed-forest wildlife species). Active management still had an influence under a changing climate, but as a moderator of the strong climate-driven trends rather than being a principal driver of ecosystem service outputs. These results suggest projections of future ecosystem services that do not consider climate change may result in unrealistic expectations of benefits. 相似文献
124.
利用16 a的TRMM卫星观测资料,分析了亚洲季风区准圆状、线状和拉长状中尺度对流系统(MCSs)的空间分布、对流属性及其区域变化特征。结果表明:拉长状MCSs的数量最多,准圆状的其次而线状的最少。自西向东,准圆状(线状)MCSs数量占各区域MCSs总数的比例逐渐减小(增加),线状MCSs在副热带和洋面地区的产生几率相比更大。MCSs的发生频次呈现以暖季(5—9月)为峰值的单峰分布,准圆状和拉长状MCSs的暖季峰值比线状MCSs的大。MCSs主要发生在下午—傍晚时段,但线状MCSs在午夜—凌晨出现的概率比其它两种大。3种类型MCSs的整体强度基本表现为副热带地区弱于近热带地区,但不同类型MCSs的强度差异在各区域不尽相同,如中国中东部地区和西北太平洋地区的准圆状MCSs强度最强,但东海及其以东洋面的线状MCSs强度最强。 相似文献
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济南市山前分布着南大沙河、北大沙河、玉符河、巨野河、巴漏河等系列山前冲洪积扇,本文以巨野河冲洪积扇为例,通过物探、钻探、抽水试验、回灌试验所取得的数据,了解济南一系列山前冲洪积扇雨洪水储存调蓄条件,查明了冲洪积扇面积、砂层厚度、储水系数,查明影响储存调蓄能力的影响因素,计算储存调蓄量。结果表明:巨野河冲洪积扇含水砂层颗粒从扇顶的粗砂、卵砾石向扇缘粗砂、中细砂过渡,厚度从扇顶向扇缘逐渐变厚,冲洪积扇具有较大的储存调蓄空间,较强的回灌储水条件,良好的供水条件。研究结果对济南系列山前冲洪积扇在海绵城市建设中用于调节城市弃流的雨洪水资源具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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129.
双峰山金矿床地质特征及成因探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
双峰山金矿产于双峰山背斜核部下石炭统巴塔玛依内山组第二亚组陆相火山岩内。即金矿化赋存于次生石英岩及蚀变安山岩中。金矿化与硅化、黄铁矿化关系密切,矿床具有Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg等元素组合异常,表现出浅成低温热液矿化蚀变特征。提出了双峰山金矿为浅成低温热液型冰长石—绢云母金矿亚型矿床的成因认识。 相似文献
130.
本文从洞庭湖区环境地质条件入手,分析堤防失事及所存在的险工险段与地质缺陷的关系,指出地质灾害是造成防洪工程失事不可忽视的因素。在洞庭湖区综合治理过程中,应注重对地质缺陷的治理 相似文献