An Amplification Mechanism of Intraseasonal Long Rossby Wave in Subtropical Ocean

The satellite altimeter data reveal that intraseasonal long Rossby wave is amplified in the western part of subtropical ocean. Based on a two and half layer ocean model we infer that the intraseasonal long Rossby wave may be amplified by the baroclinic instability. According to the baroclinic instability criterion derived from the two and half layer model, we calculate the baroclinic instability area of the Subtropical North Pacific Ocean based on Levitus98 data. The baroclinic instability area is well in accord with the amplification area of the intraseasonal long Rossby wave, and this also proves that the baroclinic instability is the main amplification mechanism of the intraseasonal long Rossby wave in the subtropical ocean. The consistency between the baroclinic instability area and potential vorticity (PV) pool is further proved in this paper, therefore, we have confidence that the intraseasonal long Rossby wave is amplified in the PV pool. Due to the relatively large ocean basin and weak ventilation, the PV pool is much larger in the North Pacific Ocean than in the North Atlantic Ocean, and this is the reason for the difference of wave amplification areas of these two Oceans.     

Preparation and Structural Investigation of CuCl2 Graphite Intercalation Compounds

Superfine graphite powder was prepared by bali-milling exfoliated graphite containing anhydrous CuCl_2 in planetary ball milling systems.Nano-scale CuCl_2 graphite intercalation compounds were synthesized by heating a mixture of anhydrous CuCl_2 and graphite nanosheets. Scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were performed to characterize the microstructures of stage-1 nano-scale CuCl_2 graphite intercalation compounds.The structure and components of the domain wall and core in the nano-scale CuCl_2 graphite intercalation compounds are described.The results show that the content of CuCl_2 in the mixture plays a crucial role in the size of the nano-scale CuCl_2 graphite intercalation compound.     

全球变暖停滞的研究进展回顾

1998—2012年,全球平均地面增温速率较之前明显趋缓,出现全球变暖停滞现象,该现象的成因与机制是当前气候变化研究的一个热点领域。主要从外部强迫和内部变率2个角度回顾全球变暖停滞产生机制的研究进展。从气候系统外部强迫影响来说,全球变暖停滞主要受到太阳活动、火山爆发、气溶胶以及平流层水汽等的影响。从气候系统内部调控作用来看,全球增温速率减缓主要受到太平洋、大西洋、印度洋和南大洋自然变率以及相应的热量再分配过程的影响。全球变暖停滞期间气候系统内部能量并没有减少,其中一部分能量被转移并储存在了海洋中深层,从而对全球增温减缓产生影响。同时,重点回顾了针对部分耦合强迫作用的"起搏器"试验,该类试验是研究全球变暖停滞的特征、成因及机制的有力手段。此外,也总结了全球变暖停滞现象对气候系统能量收支平衡、资料、模拟以及相关政策制定等方面带来的挑战,展望了未来的研究重点。     

转型期社区医疗服务多元供给模式——以广州市天河区为例

以广州市统计局提供的第六次人口普查数据作为人口统计数据源,以天河区卫生局提供的社区医疗机构数据作为社区医疗服务研究数据源,以广州市天河区作为研究案例,总结出社区医疗服务存在政府供给、单位制供给、集体经济供给、社会力量供给4种模式。各供给模式均具有受卫生局领导、政府部门监管和作为城市医疗体系的基础等一系列共性,同时在供给主体、服务对象、筹资与财务管理和人事管理等方面存在差异性,形成相互补充的多元模式共存体系,社区医疗服务的准公共物品属性、社会经济体制转型与城乡二元体制、居民的多元化需求和不同供给主体的利益诉求综合作用是多元模式共存的机制。只有充分利用多元模式供给主体、全方位协调机制要素、进行合理的制度设计,才能更好地促进社区医疗服务均等化,同时为其他城市公共服务供给提供参考借鉴。     

吕宋海峡西部深海盆内孤立波潜标观测研究

Using a net surface heat flux （Qnet） product obtained from the objectively analyzed air-sea fluxes （OAFlux） project and the international satellite cloud climatology project （ISCCP）, and temperature from the simple ocean data assimilation （SODA）, the seasonal variations of the air-sea heat fluxes in the northwestern Pa cific marginal seas （NPMS） and their roles in sea surface temperature （SST） seasonality are studied. The seasonal variations of Qnet, which is generally determined by the seasonal cycle of latent heat flux （LH）, are in response to the advection-induced changes of SST over the Kuroshio and its extension. Two dynamic regimes are identified in the NPMS： one is the area along the Kuroshio and its extension, and the other is the area outside the Kuroshio. The oceanic thermal advection dominates the variations of SST and hence the sea-air humidity plays a primary role and explains the maximum heat losing along the Kuroshio. The heat transported by the Kuroshio leads to a longer period of heat losing over the Kuroshio and its Extension. Positive anomaly of heat content corresponds with the maximum heat loss along the Kuroshio. The oceanic advection controls the variations of heat content and hence the surface heat flux. This study will help us understand the mechanism controlling variations of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in the NPMS. In the Kuroshio region, the ocean current controls the ocean temperature along the main stream of the Ku roshio, and at the same time, forces the air-sea fluxes.     

东海黑潮混沌特征的数值分析

以英国 OCCAM(The Ocean Circulation and Climate Advanced Modeling Project)全球环流模式的 1 994年计算结果作为初始场和边界条件 ,用 POM模式 ,对东中国海黑潮季节变化进行了数值模拟 ,特别注意了海水运动的混沌特点和质点移动轨迹。研究结果表明 :东海黑潮区地形引起的黑潮流剪切是导致混沌的主要原因 ;东海黑潮区混沌运动有明显的季节变化 ;黑潮主轴区基本是输运的屏障区。     

医学地理学发展趋势及当前热点

本文从医学地理学两个主要分支——生态医学地理和保健地理领域入手,系统总结医学地理学研究内容与进展,并在文献阅读的基础上结合软件平台建立医学地理学的文献数据库,对高引用文献、高频词汇、作者国别和所属机构进行排名和识别。结果发现,医学地理学从关注“疾病”拓展到与“健康”相关的地理问题,研究的空间尺度从全球、国家、地方到社区再到建筑内部向更广泛和更细致发展,研究手段进一步丰富,更多空间分析技术和方法被应用。研究内容热点包括人类自身发展和社会经济活动对健康的影响,保健服务的空间关系、人们的保健行为对健康的影响,邻里环境尤其是社会经济因素对健康的影响,卫生与健康公平尤其是特殊群体的医疗服务问题。医学地理研究的学者来自医学和公共卫生相关研究机构的最多,其次是地理研究机构。大量的医学地理研究主要来自于美洲、欧洲等发达国家和中国、巴西等快速发展中的国家。本文认为医学地理学未来将向更广泛层面的福祉研究发展,研究的空间尺度将一步深化和细化,并加大对网络医疗等虚拟空间的深入研究,学科融合更广泛。