VLBI记录系统的进展

本文介绍了VLB I记录系统在世界各主要台站的使用情况,对目前先进的VLBI记录系统的功能、记录格式等进行了比较和描述。     

Multiple Time-scale Characteristics of Runoff Variations in Middle Reaches of Huolin River and Their Effects

The Huolin River is one of the most important water sources for Xianghai wetland, Horqin wetland, and Chaganhu wetland in the western Songnen Plain of Northeast China. The annual runoff series of 46 years at Baiyun- hushuo Hydrologic Station, which is located in the middle reaches of the Huolin River, were analyzed by using wavelet analysis. Main objective was to discuss the periodic characteristics of the runoff, and examine the temporal patterns of the Huolin River recharging to the floodplain wetlands in the lower reaches of the river, and the corresponding effects of recharging variation on the environmental evolution of the wetlands. The results show that the annual runoff varied mainly at three time scales. The intensities of periodical signals at different time scales were strongly characterized by local distribution in its time frequency domain. The interdecadal variation at a scale of more than 30yr played a leading role in the temporal pattern of runoff variation, and at this scale, the runoff at Baiyunhushuo Hydrologic Station varied in turn of flood, draught and flood. Accordingly, the landscape of the floodplain wetlands presented periodic features, es- pecially prominent before the 1990s. Compared with intense human activities, the runoff periodic pattern at middle (10-20yr) and small (1-10yr) scales, which has relatively low energy, exerted unobvious effects on the environmental evolution of the floodplain wetlands, especially after the 1990s.     

Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation Interactions in WRF Model: Sensitivity to Autoconversion Parameterization

Cloud-to-rain autoconversion process is an important player in aerosol loading, cloud morphology, and precipitation variations because it can modulate cloud microphysical characteristics depending on the participation of aerosols, and affects the spatio-temporal distribution and total amount of precipitation. By applying the Kessler, the Khairoutdinov-Kogan(KK), and the Dispersion autoconversion parameterization schemes in a set of sensitivity experiments, the indirect effects of aerosols on clouds and precipitation are investigated for a deep convective cloud system in Beijing under various aerosol concentration backgrounds from 50 to 10000 cm-3. Numerical experiments show that aerosol-induced precipitation change is strongly dependent on autoconversion parameterization schemes. For the Kessler scheme, the average cumulative precipitation is enhanced slightly with increasing aerosols, whereas surface precipitation is reduced significantly with increasing aerosols for the KK scheme. Moreover, precipitation varies non-monotonically for the Dispersion scheme, increasing with aerosols at lower concentrations and decreasing at higher concentrations.These different trends of aerosol-induced precipitation change are mainly ascribed to differences in rain water content under these three autoconversion parameterization schemes. Therefore, this study suggests that accurate parameterization of cloud microphysical processes, particularly the cloud-to-rain autoconversion process, is needed for improving the scientific understanding of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions.     

境外地质矿产信息元数据标准与应用

元数据是描述实体数据内容、质量、范围、发布等信息的数据,是各类数据资源社会化共享和服务的基础。以服务中国企业勘查开发为基础,研究制定了境外地质矿产空间与非空间信息元数据的构成、内容及数据字典,说明了元数据在境外地质矿产信息集成服务平台建设中的作用,研发了元数据生产及应用平台并提供给社会应用于服务,应用效果良好。同时,为中国矿业联合会全球地质矿产信息共享工作委员会（共享联盟）相关工作的开展奠定了坚实基础。     

基于NewMap API的Web地图服务系统应用

NewMap是目前可用于＂数字城市＂建设的软件之一。阐述NewMap API的基本功能及其技术方法,并以实际项目中的数字城市公众信息服务发布系统为例,利用NewMapServer提供的API开发功能进行Web地图服务系统的设计,在数字城市地理空间信息公共平台服务上实现若干电子地图功能。     

基于决策树方法的遥感分类研究

利用监督分类和决策树分类2种方法对研究区域进行地表覆盖分类,将分类结果与Google Earth影像、地形图对比进行精度评定。结果表明,决策树分类总体精度和Kappa系数分别为86.462 9%和0.827 1,较监督分类的总体精度和Kappa系数分别提高了5.347%和0.067 1,对于地形复杂的地区,能有效提高分类精度。     

吉林桦甸市夹皮沟本区金矿剥露历史和矿床保存变化——来自磷灰石裂变径迹年代学证据

有关吉林省桦甸市夹皮沟金矿区剥露历史的研究,至今尚不多见,然而成矿后的变化与保存是矿床学研究的一个重要领域,并且矿区剥露历史对于区内矿体保存状况具有重要的指示意义。裂变径迹是研究区域隆升剥露的一种有效手段,能提供剥蚀速率和剥蚀量的定量数据,本文应用裂变径迹技术研究夹皮沟金矿区中生代成矿以来的剥露历史。使用磷灰石裂变径迹年龄数据进行热历史模拟,揭示其演变机理。实验中获得8个了磷灰石裂变径迹测试结果,裂变径迹年龄可分为3组:(128~111Ma、86~64Ma和48~29Ma)。夹皮沟金矿区的热演化历史可分为了3个阶段,分别为:第1阶段160Ma到85±10 Ma;第2阶段85±10 Ma到28±2 Ma;第3阶段28±2 Ma至今,相应的剥露深度为2.90km、0km和1.17km。根据剥露厚度及成矿深度推测,夹皮沟本区中下戏台、立山两矿区金矿床保存状况良好,下部仍有较大探矿潜力。     

Simulation of morphological development of soil cracks in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley region,Southwest China

Soil cracking is an important process influencing water and solutes transport in the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley region of Southwest China. Studying the morphological development of soil cracks helps to further reveal the close relationship between the soil cracking process and water movement in such semi-arid regions. Here we report regular changes on surface morphology of soil cracks with decreasing water in four different soils (Typ-Ustic Ferrisols,Ver-Ustic Ferrisols,Tru-Ustic Vertisols and Typ-Ustic Vertiso...     

高山植物稳定碳同位素沿海拔梯度响应机制的研究进展

简要介绍了国内外关于植物δ~(13)C对海拔梯度响应规律的研究情况,叙述了植物叶片δ~(13)C对海拔梯度响应的内在机理.重点介绍了随海拔变化的气压、温度、降水(湿度)、光照等环境因子和植物的叶片厚度、比叶重(LMA)、氮含量、气孔密度、气孔导度等生物因子对高山植物δ~(13)C的影响作用.由于各因子的多变性以及之间的相互作用,任何单一因子都不足以决定植物δ~(13)C的最终变化,也不能解释植物δ~(13)C随海拔的变化趋势,这种趋势可能是众多因子综合作用的结果.最后对本领域取得的一些认识和结论进行了总结,并对存在的一些问题以及今后的研究方向提出了一些见解.     

结合遥感影像和DEM的线性体特征提取

利用遥感影像提取的线性特征具有较高定位精度,但不能保证线性特征和地质构造相关;利用DEM提取的线性特征能较好地反映地形特征,但存在边缘点定位不准、难以连接的缺点。本文提出一种结合两者优势的线性体特征提取方法。首先利用嵌入边缘的标记分水岭分割方法提取遥感影像线性特征,在保留弱边缘的同时去除伪边缘;然后利用DEM地形和水文分析提取断裂带、山脊线、山谷线;最后利用边缘点匹配保留与地质构造相关的边缘点利用数学形态学的腐蚀、膨胀方法进行结果后处理,连接相邻边缘点以获得最终结果。秦皇岛市山区的试验结果表明:该方法能快速、准确地获得连续线性体特征,较好地刻画研究区的地质构造情况。