四川红泥坡铜矿床三维地质建模及控矿构造演化的新认识

红泥坡铜矿是近年来在四川拉拉地区发现的一个大型铜矿床,其包含铜储量64.2万t,平均品位1.31%。矿体赋存于元古宙老的褶皱基底河口群,与辉长岩侵入体具有时间上的联系,围岩发生了普遍的钠质蚀变。通过红泥坡铜矿区224个钻孔和23条勘探剖面建立了矿体、地层与构造要素的三维模型,该三维地质模型能够表达矿床的精细地质结构以及解释区域成矿作用与构造演化:矿区早期的南北向主应力使河口群形成轴向近东西向的大型向斜,晚期的东西向主应力在改造早期褶皱基底的基础上,形成了叠加在其之上的轴向北北东向的复向斜。经过两期主要的构造运动,该地区形成了现在北北东向与北西西向构造相叠加的格架。本项研究为拉拉地区的矿床学研究提供了新的思路,并能对该地区矿产勘查提供科学依据。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定土壤中有效硫

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定土壤中有效硫,浸提剂分别为：Ca（H2PO2）2-2mol／LHAc（中酸性土壤有效硫）,5mol／LNaHCO3（碱性土壤有效硫）？研究了ICP-AES对有效硫测定谱线的选择以及浸提温度、静置时间等对浸提结果的影响,酸性土壤滤液直接经ICP—AES测定,碱性土壤滤液经酸化后再测定。方法检出限分别为0．32mg／kg,通过对国家土壤有效态一级标准物质测试,测定结果基本一致;GBW07415、GBW07413标准物质11次测定的相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为3．66％、2．59％。     

我国自动与人工蒸发量观测资料的对比分析

截止到2005年,全国共有130个台站进行蒸发量自动与人工业务观测。该文利用2005年平行观测月数据,对资料的差异和相关性以及比对系数和影响因子进行了讨论,结果表明:月蒸发量差值不满足正态分布,近80%的数据为自动观测值大于人工观测值;在人工观测值较小时,对应的自动与人工相对差值较大,随着人工观测值的增加,差值有减小趋势;自动与人工观测数据之间存在很好的线性相关关系,相关系数为0.98,通过了0.01的显著性检验;比对系数年平均值在1.0~1.2之间,两大高值中心分别位于广西都安和湖南南县;比对系数月平均值的变化近似于二次型拟合曲线,1月最大,6,7月最小;在定性讨论特征站比对系数影响因子的基础上,进一步查明了影响月比对系数的气象因子有月平均相对湿度和月平均风速。     

塔里木盆地西南部昆仑山前下白垩统沉积相特征及石油地质意义

塔里木盆地西南部沿昆仑山前分布一套逾千米厚的下白垩统碎屑岩,岩相以浅红色中、细砂岩,褐红色砂砾岩、砾岩为主,夹浅红色泥岩和薄层浅灰色细砂岩。按生物组合及岩性特征,自下而上可划分5个岩性段。第1段为灰绿色泥岩段,沉积环境以湖相和前扇三角洲沉积为主;第2段为砂砾岩段,沉积环境以扇三角洲前缘和平原沉积为主;第3段为含砾粗砂岩段,沉积环境以辫状河－辫状河三角洲平原沉积为主;第4段为细砂岩夹泥岩段,沉积环境以辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道沉积为主;第5段为泥岩夹砂岩段,沉积环境为辫状河三角洲前缘、前辫状河三角洲和滨浅湖相沉积。沉积环境由快速堆积的扇三角洲-冲积扇向辫状河-辫状河三角洲演化,沉积厚度达1000余米。构造背景为强烈拉张的构造环境,是断陷盆地发育的重要时期。中细砂岩达70％以上,砂岩孔隙类型为原生粒间孔,孔隙度10％~20％,渗透率1~1000×10－3μm2,是塔里木盆地中生代油气勘探的重要目的层系。     

Determination of bare surface soil moisture from combined temporal evolution of land surface temperature and net surface shortwave radiation

Land surface soil moisture (SSM) is an important variable for hydrological, ecological, and meteorological applications. A multi‐linear model has recently been proposed to determine the SSM content from the combined diurnal evolution of both land surface temperature (LST) and net surface shortwave radiation (NSSR) with the parameters TN (the LST mid‐morning rising rate divided by the NSSR rising rate during the same period) and t_d (the time of daily maximum temperature). However, in addition to the problem that all the coefficients of the multi‐linear model depend on the atmospheric conditions, the model also suffers from the problems of the nonlinearity of TN as a function of the SSM content and the uncertainty of determining the t_d from the diurnal evolution of the LST. To address these problems, a modified multi‐linear model was developed using the logarithm of TN and normalizing t_d by the mid‐morning temperature difference instead of using the TN and t_d. Except for the constant term, the coefficients of all other variables in the modified multi‐linear model proved to be independent of the atmospheric conditions. Using the relevant simulation data, results from the modified multi‐linear model show that the SSM content can be determined with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.030m³/m³, provided that the constant term is known or estimated day to day. The validation of the model was conducted using the field measurements at the Langfang site in 2008 in China. A higher correlation is achieved (coefficient of determination: R² = 0.624, RMSE = 0.107m³/m³) between the measured SSM content and the SSM content estimated using the modified multi‐linear model with the coefficients determined from the simulation data. Another experiment is also conducted to estimate the SSM content using the modified model with the constant term calibrated each day by one‐spot measurements at the site. The estimation result has a relatively larger error (RMSE = 0.125m³/m³). Additionally, the uncertainty of the determination of the coefficients is analysed using the field measurements, and the results indicate that the SSM content obtained using the modified model accurately characterizes the surface soil moisture condition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

秋季华南低温冷害气候特征

利用１９５１－１９９０年９－１０月广东、广西、福建和海南４８个气象台站资料，讨论华南秋季低温冷害气气候特点。分析发现，低温冷害过程频数自北往南递减，从沿海向内陆逐渐增加，年总日数自北往南迅速减少，南北差别大；出现的时间和降温强度随高度分别提早和增强，持续时间从北往南迅速缩短，极端最低气温从北南升高，沿海高于内陆，强低温冷害所有９年，主要集中在６０年代后期到８０年低初。     

自制数字程控地磁格值仪

利用数字程控技术实现对三分向磁变仪格值自动标定。     

Spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and causes of drought and flood in the Henan section of the Yellow River

Natural Hazards - Under the background of global warming, it is very important to explore the spatial–temporal evolution and causes of regional drought/flood for the realization of drought...     

青海化隆县独特的峡谷丹山地貌景观及其科学价值

“峡谷丹山”是内外地质营力共同作用而形成的多成因地貌组合,不仅具有非常高的景观价值,而且具有重要的科学价值。青海省化隆县拉木峡为黄河一级支流,发育典型的角度不整合和丹霞地貌,因而成为青藏高原隆升和黄河形成演化研究的良好区域。以该地貌组合类型的形态特征、成因机制及形成年代研究为目标,采用野外地质调查等方法,对组成峡谷的岩石及地层、构造背景开展研究,系统总结与分析拉木峡地貌景观的形成动力和演化过程,进而探讨其对青藏高原隆升及黄河演化的指示意义。拉木峡由约900 Ma前的新元古代化隆岩群片麻岩及角度不整合于其上的约54 Ma前的新生代古近纪西宁群红色砂砾岩层组成。约8 Ma前青藏高原快速隆升,丹霞地貌雏形开始形成。自1.1 Ma黄河贯通化隆盆地后,受拉木峡流水强烈侵蚀下切和重力崩塌的持续作用,发育“峡谷丹山”地貌组合景观。峡谷险峻幽深、丹霞栩栩如生,成为极具典型性、独特性和稀有性的国家级地质遗迹,对青藏高原隆升、黄河形成演化和新生代气候环境的研究具有重要价值。     

Surface morphology of soil cracks in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Region, Southwest China

Surface morphology of soil cracks is one of the important factors influencing the water evaporation rate in cracked soil in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Region, Southwest China. Quantitative study of the complicated surface morphology of soil cracks is a prerequisite for further studies of soil-cracking mechanisms. The present paper establishes a quantitative indicator system by application of concepts and methods originating from Fractal Geometry and Network Analysis. These indicators can effectively express the complicated features of soilcrack network structure. Furthermore, a series of values related to soil-crack morphology was obtained by image processing on field photos of soil-crack quads, and gradation criteria for the degree of development of soil cracks were determined. Finally, the changes in values of the morphological indicators under different degrees of development were analyzed in detail. Our results indicate that （1） the degree of development of soil cracks can be divided into five grades, i.e., feeble development, slight development, medium development, intensive development and extremely intensive development; （2） the values of the indicators change predictably with increasing degree of development of soil cracks. The area density （Dc） increases, and both the area-weighted mean ratio of crack area to perimeter （AWMARP）, which reflects the intensity of cracking, and the index r, which is related to the connectivity of a soil crack, grow uniformly （albeit with different forms）. AWMRAP increases at a geometric rate while r shows logarithmmic growth, indicating a gradual increase in the connectivity of a soil crack. Nevertheless, the areaweighted mean of soil-crack fractal dimension （AWMFRAC） shows a decreasing trend, indicating a gradual decline in the complexity of cracks as area density increases.