安宁河谷雨季层状云和对流云降水的雨滴谱特征

利用2017年8—10月安宁河谷的激光雨滴谱仪观测数据,对层状云和对流云降水粒子谱的微物理参量、Gamma函数拟合、Z-I拟合关系、降水粒子对数浓度和降水强度贡献率进行了分析。结果表明：层状云雨滴谱较对流云窄,对流云降水粒子总数浓度、降水强度、液态水含量和雷达反射率因子等均显著高于层状云。Gamma函数可以较好地拟合雨滴谱的分布情况,层状云的函数曲线较对流云更加平滑。层状云、对流云降水的Z-I拟合关系均较好,分别为Z=181.90I^1.54和Z=175.59I^1.54。层状云降水强度贡献率的80%集中在直径不超过2 mm的粒子,而对流云的90%集中在直径超过1 mm的粒子,表明降水粒子尺度较浓度对降水强度的影响更大,大尺度降水粒子对降水强度贡献更大。     

陕西旬阳县红花坪铅锌矿地质特征及找矿前景

红花坪铅锌矿位于南秦岭旬阳盆地金铜、铅锌、汞锑等多金属成矿带内,为一沉积-改造型铅锌矿床。矿区出露地层主要为古生界泥盆系和志留系一套浅变质的细碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积建造,褶皱、断裂发育,热液活动强烈,为成矿物质的活化、运移创造了良好的条件。矿体赋存于下志留世梅子垭组绢云千枚岩及下部石英脉中,受一定的地层岩性、古地理环境和构造控制。目前Ⅰ-1铅锌矿体控制长度已超过1 km,矿体连续性好,形态单一,矿物成分简单,锌含量高,有望成为一中型规模的铅锌矿床。     

The formation mechanism of mud diapirs and gas chimneys and their relationship with natural gas hydrates: insights from the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea

ABSTRACT

Mud diapirs and gas chimneys are widely developed in continental slope areas, which can provide sufficient gas for hydrate formation, and they are important for finding natural gas hydrates. Based on the interpretation and analysis of high-resolution 2D and 3D seismic data covering the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB), northern South China Sea, we studied the formation mechanism of mud diapirs and gas chimneys and their relationship with natural gas hydrates. Mud diapirs and gas chimneys are columnar and domelike in shape and the internal regions of these bodies have abnormal reflections characterized by fuzzy, chaotic, and blanking zones. The reflection events terminate at the rims of mud diapirs and gas chimneys with pull-up reflections and pull-down reflections, respectively. In addition, ‘bright spots’ and diapiric-associated faults occur adjacent to mud diapirs and gas chimneys. The rapidly deposited and deeply buried fine sediments filling in the Tertiary in deep-water areas of the QDNB and overpressure potential derived from undercompacted mudstones, as well as from the pressurization of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation, provide abundant materials and intensive driving forces for the formation of mud diapirs and gas chimneys. Bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) with strong amplitude and high or poor continuity were recognized atop the mud diapirs and gas chimneys and in the structural highs within the same region, indicating that they have a close relationship with each other. The mud diapirs and gas chimneys and associated high-angle faults provide favourable vertical pathways for the hydrocarbons migrating from deep strata to shallow natural gas hydrate stability zones where natural gas hydrates accumulate; however, some BSRs are characterized by weak amplitude and poor continuity, which can be affected by high temperature and overpressure in the process of the mud diapir and gas chimney activities. This mutually restricting relationship must be taken into consideration in the process of gas hydrate exploration in QDNB.     

Nitrate in the Changjiang diluted water: an isotopic evaluation on sources and reaction pathways

A cruise covering two transects in the Changjiang (Yangtze) estuary in July 2017 was conducted, aiming to explore the sources for riverine NO 3 ˉ and identify r...     

藻酸双酯钠对蛋白激酶A活性的影响

大鼠肝脏经匀浆、硫酸铵盐析和DEAE-纤维素柱层析,得到部分纯化的Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型蛋白激酶A。将两型酶制剂在体外分别与藻酸双酯钠孵育,藻酸双酯钠对两型酶的活性均有剂量依赖性抑制作用。     

基于可公度性的厄尔尼诺事件预报

可公度性表示自然界事物之间的一种秩序。利用可公度性的原理和方法,对厄尔尼诺事件的长期变化过程进行了预报分析,其结果是比较好的,这对防灾减灾具有重要的实际意义。     

大兴安岭南段曹家屯钼矿床成矿时代：来自辉钼矿Re-Os年龄的证据

<正>1研究目的（Objective）大兴安岭南段南起西拉木伦断裂,北至二连贺根山,西界为锡林浩特一带,东至嫩江—八里罕断裂（图1a）,是中国北方重要的有色金属基地之一,产出有多个大型—超大型锡-铜（钼）-铅-锌-银矿床（图1b）。矿床类型以热液脉型为主,前人研究表明该类矿床主要形成于135～140 Ma。曹家屯热液脉型钼矿床位于大兴安岭南段,为该区近年来新发现的矿床（图1b）。目前,该矿床年代学研究目前仍为空白,制约了对成矿作用的理解。     

汶川地震灾后重建地区的人口容量分析

Assessment of population carrying capacity is a key task in the reconstruction planning of areas struck by disasters, in which the precision of estimation is required. This study developed a decision-making model for estimating the population capacity of the involved townships and cities in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake based on the assessment of the suitability for reconstruction of the areas. Through analysis, arable land resources were argued to be the critical constraint of population capacity in these areas. Then, the spatial differentiations of the post-quake development conditions across different regions were analyzed with respect to their natural environments, socio-economic development and quake damages. The expected levels of urbanization, family incomes and income structures, output levels of land, and the reliance of agricultural population on arable land were estimated by different regions. With these parameters, the population capacities of the involved townships and cities in three scenarios were estimated. The total population capacity of the entire areas is abundant compared with the actual post-quake population; however, the status of over-population substantially varies across space. It was suggested to put the emphasis of post-quake resettlement policy on those counties where earthquake had been the main causes of over-population. In the Full Recovery Scenario, three mountain counties were identified including Wenchuan, Beichuan and Maoxian, with a total over-population of about 100,000 people.     

中国老龄化地理学综述和研究框架构建

在老龄化快速推进、经济社会转型和城乡空间重构的特殊时期,中国人口老龄化现象日趋复杂,地理学与老年学等学科交叉的需求日益凸显。亟需从学科构建的角度出发,思考老龄化地理学的研究方向,填补老龄化研究的空白,丰富与拓展地理学研究领域。本文在回顾已有研究的基础上,梳理出国内老龄化地理学研究的5个主题,即：①人口老龄化的时空特征和驱动因素;②人口老龄化的空间效应;③老年人健康与环境的关系;④老年人的空间行为;⑤养老服务的空间组织与规划,并对相关研究进展进行评述。通过国内外的比较研究,对老龄化地理学的学科定位、研究体系和理论方法建构进行了分析和展望,以期为从地理学视角解读中国特定社会经济背景下的人口老龄化现象提供一个研究框架。