地质文化建设构想

本文基于对地质学的深刻认识、对传统文化的热爱及对社会现象的观察,系统而深刻地提出了＂地质文化＂的概念,首次描述了地质文化的基本框架、建设原则及实例片段。地质文化建设将对地质学及我国的文化建设有着实质性的推动作用,是构建和谐社会的重要组成部分。     

Extraction and spatiotemporal evolution analysis of tidal flats in the Bohai Rim during 1984-2019 based on remote sensing

Tidal flats, a precious resource that provides ecological services and land space for coastal zones, are facing threats from human activities and climate change. In this study, a robust decision tree for tidal flat extraction was developed to analyse spatiotemporal variations in the Bohai Rim region during 1984-2019 based on 9539 Landsat TM/OLI surface reflection images and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. The area of tidal flats significantly fluctuated downwards from 3551.22 to 1712.36 km² in the Bohai Rim region during 1984-2019, and 51.31% of tidal flats were distributed near the Yellow River Delta and Liaohe River Delta during 2017-2019. There occurred a drastic spatial transition of tidal flats with coastline migration towards the ocean. Low-stability tidal flats were mainly distributed in reclamation regions, deltas, and bays near the estuary during 1984-2019. The main factors of tidal flat evolution in the Bohai Rim region included the direct impact of land cover changes in reclamation regions, the continuous impact of a weakening sediment supply, and the potential impact of a deteriorating sediment storage capability. The extraction process and maps herein could provide a reference for the sustainable development and conservation of coastal resources.     

Chinese Contribution to CMIP5：An Overview of Five Chinese Models’Performances

An overview of Chinese contribution to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 5 （CMIP5） is presented. The performances of five Chinese Climate/Earth System Models that participated in the CMIP5 pro ject are assessed in the context of climate mean states, seasonal cycle, intraseasonal oscillation, interan-nual variability, interdecadal variability, global monsoon, Asian-Australian monsoon, 20th-century historical climate simulation, climate change pro jection, and climate sensitivity. Both the strengths and weaknesses of the models are evaluated. The models generally show reasonable performances in simulating sea surface tem-perature （SST） mean state, seasonal cycle, spatial patterns of Madden-Julian oscillation （MJO） amplitude and tropical cyclone Genesis Potential Index （GPI）, global monsoon precipitation pattern, El Ni-no-Southern Oscillation （ENSO）, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） related SST anomalies. However, the perfor-mances of the models in simulating the time periods, amplitude, and phase locking of ENSO, PDO time periods, GPI magnitude, MJO propagation, magnitude of SST seasonal cycle, northwestern Pacific mon-soon and North American monsoon domains, as well as the skill of large-scale Asian monsoon precipitation need to be improved. The model performances in simulating the time evolution and spatial pattern of the 20th-century global warming and the future change under representative concentration pathways pro jection are compared to the multimodel ensemble of CMIP5 models. The model discrepancies in terms of climate sensitivity are also discussed.     

国土综合整治三维模型碎片加载优化与调度

国土整治作为一项国家战略,是解决社会经济发展过程中土地利用问题的重要手段,能有效促进国土空间优化和治理土地退化,对于实施乡村振兴战略和推进生态文明建设具有重大意义。随着我国工业化、城镇化的推进,生产、生活、生态之间矛盾日益凸显,国土整治在全国各地广泛开展,尤其是三维可视化技术的应用发展迅速。但对于国土整治业务而言,三维模型存在数据量大、数据复杂且碎片化程度高等特点,使得三维数据的存储管理和加载调度难度大,制约了其在国土整治中的应用。本文针对国土整治三维数据,提出了存储结构优化方法、三维模型碎片加载优化方法和三维模型调度优化方法,并开展了试验验证和应用示范,验证了本文提出的方法能够有效支撑国土整治中的三维可视化相关业务。     

高分五号高光谱数据融合方法比较

数据融合是解决高光谱卫星在时空分辨率等指标上受限的有效途径,探讨不同方法在GF-5高光谱数据上的融合效果,对GF-5高光谱数据的信息挖掘与推广应用有着重要意义。本文本着算法简单易用、适于推广的原则,采用GS（Gram-Schmidt）葛兰—施密特正交变换融合算法、GSA（GS Adaptive）自适应GS融合算法、CNMF（Coupled Non-negative Matrix Factorization）耦合非负矩阵分解融合算法、CRISP-W（Color Resolution Improvement Software Package with Wavelet transform）基于小波变换和CRISP-B（Color Resolution Improvement Software Package with Butterworth）基于巴特沃斯滤波器的分辨率提升融合算法、GLP（Generalized Laplacian Pyramid）广义拉普拉斯金字塔融合算法共6种融合方法,分别对BJ-2、GF-2、GF-1、GF-1C、GF-1D国产卫星多光谱数据与GF-5高光谱数据进行融合实验。通过目视分析、指标评价（相关系数、通用图像质量指标、峰值信噪比、光谱角、全局综合误差）、分类应用、时间成本4种方式对融合结果进行综合比较分析。结果表明,相融合的一组图像系列相同、空间分辨率相差越小,融合结果越好。CRISP-B、CRISP-W、GLP在提升空间分辨率、光谱保真度方面能达到较好的平衡,空间重建方面,GLP稍优且更稳定,CRISP-B、CRISP-W则在光谱信息保持方面稳定性更强且效果更好。数据源会对融合方法产生一定的影响,在光谱特征信息提取、分析等对光谱保真度要求高的工作中,GLP更适合同源数据（如GF-5与GF-1/1C/1D/2）融合,而在多源数据间（如GF-5与BJ-2）进行融合时,则优先选择CRISP-W。CNMF存在一定程度的色彩畸变,且运行时间较长。GSA、GS融合效果最差,其中,GSA不论是光谱保持能力还是空间分辨率提升能力均较GS更稳定。在小样本高光谱图像分类应用中,CRISP-B融合结果分类效果稳定,分类精度较高。GSA融合结果空间细节丰富,虽光谱失真较为严重,但同时增大了地物光谱分离度,仍适用于准确勾勒建筑物、道路等地物。本研究为GF-5高光谱数据与其他国产卫星多光谱数据融合方法的选择提供参考,有助于高分五号高光谱数据的应用与推广。     

Kiel Ⅳ-IRMS双路在线分析微量碳酸盐的碳氧同位素

石笋能重建百年、十年的气候事件,为达到空间高分辨率,对微量碳酸盐的检测提出了更高要求,传统磷酸酸解法的样品用量大(约10 mg)已经无法满足微量样品的分析,而激光探针质谱分析方法需对检测结果进行校正。本文采用KielⅣ-IRMS双路在线分析技术对微量碳酸盐样品的碳、氧同位素进行检测研究其可行性,并以GBW 04405和NBS 19为例研究了不同样品量的碳酸盐标准样品在不同反应时间对同位素分馏的影响。结果表明,由于标准样品所需的反应时间不同,从而导致同位素分馏值的差异。对样品量为4~85μg的标准样品GBW 04405进行检测,δ13C、δ18O测量值分别为0.574‰±0.027‰、-8.519‰±0.065‰,与推荐值0.57‰±0.03‰、-8.49‰±0.14‰基本一致,表明该方法能够满足微量碳酸盐测试的要求。将KielⅣ-IRMS双路在线分析技术与GasbenchⅡ-IRMS检测方法进行对比,对于标准样品GBW 04405,KielⅣ-IRMS所用样品量约为50μg,δ13C、δ18O测量值分别为0.576‰±0.012‰、-8.501‰±0.050‰,GasbenchⅡ-IRMS所用样品量约为140μg,δ13C、δ18O测量值分别为0.569‰±0.034‰、-8.590‰±0.099‰。表明KielⅣ-IRMS方法相比于GasbenchⅡ-IRMS方法所需样品量少,精度高,结果重现性好,该方法在碳酸盐样品的应用上能达到空间高分辨率。     

内蒙古大青山地区古元古代花岗岩:地球化学、锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

内蒙古大青山地区沿固阳-武川断裂带南侧发现一条古元古代花岗岩岩带,由石英闪长岩-闪长岩-角闪二长花岗岩组合构成.本文对其中典型代表厂汉脑包石英闪长岩、常福龙闪长岩和口子村角闪二长花岗岩进行了锆石定年和地球化学研究.地球化学上,石英闪长岩具有埃达克质花岗岩的特点,为低硅埃达克质花岗岩;大部分闪长岩具有赞岐岩的地球化学特征,部分具Closepet花岗岩特征;角闪二长花岗岩则全部具有Closepet花岗岩特征.根据锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,它们形成于2416~2435Ma之间,并遭受古元古代晚期构造热事件改造.表明在该区古元古代早期真正意义的板块构造已起作用,从岩浆演化的角度说明前寒武纪构造体制发生重大转变.