黔西南普安铅锌矿区盆地尺度构造

贵州省普安铅锌矿区位于华南褶皱带西北缘的黔西南坳陷,矿体主要赋存在石炭系的白云质灰岩和白云岩中,构造控矿特征显著.NW-SE走向的二维地震剖面横穿了铅锌矿区,清晰地揭示了矿区的地层和NE向构造格架.从浅层的泥盆系至深层的新元古界,共标定了3个反射层和3个反射单元,据两个重要角度不整合面,矿区呈现为双层基底、单层盖层的"...     

中国低纬度地区电离层闪烁效应模式化研究

GPS（Global Positioning System）周跳是一种GPS信号异常现象.研究发现一定仰角以上的GPS周跳与电离层闪烁有关,是强电离层闪烁造成的GPS载波信号短时失锁现象,因此其可作为表征电离层闪烁效应的参量.本文通过分析由中国低纬度地区GPS台站原始观测数据提取的GPS周跳发生率与地方时、季节、太阳活动以及磁活动之间的关系,开展电离层闪烁效应与这几种参量之间关系的模式化研究.研究结果表明：（1）周跳发生率存在着地方时分布,发生时段主要在日落19：00LT后到午夜02：00LT之前,发生次数在22：00LT左右达到极大,然后缓慢减少,这一变化特点可以用自变量为地方时的Chapman函数形式来描述;（2）周跳发生率存在年变化特点,主要发生在年积日45~135天（春分季节）和225~315天（秋分季节）,可以通过高斯函数来描述每个分季闪烁效应的变化特点;（3）可以利用太阳辐射指数F10.7作为描述周跳随太阳活动周变化的参量,根据周跳随太阳活动周的变化特点,我们使用一个以F10.7为自变量的三次函数来描述这种变化;（4）电离层闪烁与磁活动的关系比较复杂,由于大多数情况下表现为磁活动对电离层闪烁的抑制作用,在本研究中使用一个以地磁活动指数Ap为自变量的的平方根函数来拟合这种变化.     

南大巴山东段上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组钾质斑脱岩锆石U- Pb年龄及其构造意义

奥陶系-志留系之交的钾质斑脱岩分布范围广,发育层位多,是研究该时期地层年代学、事件地层对比、生物大灭绝和冰期事件及源区构造背景分析的理想对象。本文对南大巴山东段鄂渝交界上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组地层中的斑脱岩开展了锆石U-Pb测年,栗子坪剖面(LZP)黑色泥岩中钾质斑脱岩获得了447.9±2.9Ma年龄,燕子剖面(YZ)黑色硅质岩中钾质斑脱岩年龄为450.9±1.6Ma,间接地限定和约束了地层的沉积年龄。岩石地球化学特征显示,燕子剖面斑脱岩SiO_2为53.61%～56.34%,而栗子坪剖面SiO_2为35.56%～43.81%,其低值可能与高铁含量和高烧失量有关;K_2O含量为5.61%～5.47%,且K_2ONa_2O,属钾质斑脱岩。燕子剖面和栗子坪剖面钾质斑脱岩稀土元素含量变化较大,前者ΣREE为46.48×10~(-6)～73.70×10~(-6),平均值63.08×10~(-6),后者ΣREE介于113.34×10~(-6)～356.98×10~(-6)之间,平均值164.08×10~(-6),LREE/HREE和La_N/Yb_N均显示轻、重稀土元素分异不太明显,轻稀土轻微富集的特点;两者均具有明显的Eu负异常,Ba、U、Nb和Ti微量元素分异明显,前者微量元素明显亏损Nb、Ta和Ti(TNT异常)。原岩恢复结果表明LZP钾质斑脱岩的原始岩浆为过碱性粗面安山岩,YZ钾质斑脱岩为高钾碱性流纹岩,表明两者可能属不同期次或不同来源的岩浆岩。构造背景判别图解显示,LZP样品主要落入板内花岗岩内;YZ样品落在火山弧花岗岩/同碰撞花岗岩内。结合大巴山区域地质构造背景,笔者认为～450.9Ma钾质斑脱岩可能与古秦岭洋壳向北的俯冲有关,其火山凝灰质可能源自沿古秦岭洋盆北缘的火山弧喷发;～447.9Ma钾质斑脱岩与板内拉张有关,火山物质可能主要以板内火山喷发为主。     

Reconstructing High-resolution Deep-sea Environmental Change: Inorganic Geochemical Proxy Methods of Cold-water Bamboo Corals

The cold-water bamboo coral, dwelling in the depths of global seas, is characterized by the “bamboo-like” skeletal structure of alternating calcite internodes and gorgonin nodes, and has “tree-ring-like” concentric growth rings transversally. Paleoceanograhic reconstructions using bamboo coals would fill the geographic and temporal gaps of traditional means. In this work, the inorganic geochemical proxy methods for bamboo coral are introduced, including Mg/Ca for ambient temperature, Ba/Ca for seawater nutrient content, and δ¹¹B for seawater pH. Also, the potential influences of vital effect on the proxy reconstructions are briefly discussed. With the recent findings of deep-sea bamboo coral forests in the western Pacific region, a new territory of bamboo coral paleoceanography is opened for the scientists from the nearby countries.     

库姆塔格沙漠羽毛状沙丘剖面特征

在库姆塔格沙漠羽毛状沙丘分布区选取典型地段作为观测区,运用全站仪测量了观测区羽毛状沙丘地形特征。结果如下：（1） 构成羽毛状沙丘羽轴的沙垄由首尾相连的变形的新月形沙丘构成,其走向为N55°E;新月形沙丘的平均高度为17.65 m,西北翼角的平均长度为72 m,均长于东南翼角。（2） 沙垄的纵断面（SW→NE）表现出明显的波动性,波长在50～100 m之间,波高在10～25 m之间。（3） 沙垄的平均宽度为127.69 m,平均坡度为12.59°;西北坡平均坡长为71.74 m,平均坡度为11.65°,东南坡平均坡长为59.05 m,平均坡度为13.52°。（4） 羽毛状沙丘的“羽枝”部分是由地形平缓的穹状大沙波首尾相连构成,并未像遥感影像一样呈现出明暗相间的羽毛状图案。大沙波的平均宽度为641.34 m,其纵断面相对平缓,2个波峰之间的距离在400 m左右,波峰高度为1～3 m,平均坡长为322.37 m,平均坡度为1.28°,仅为沙垄的10%。     

典型喀斯特地貌空间配置的洪水资源化机理——以贵州省为例

洪水资源化是解决喀斯特地区水资源严重缺乏的有效途径。文章在贵州省喀斯特地区选取40个流域作为研究样区,利用面向对象技术的监督分类型方法,提取典型喀斯特地貌类型;分析流域样区特征,利用系统聚类法,将其划分为6种流域类型,即是：喀斯特低中山型（Ⅰ）、峰丛谷地型（Ⅱ）、混合型（Ⅲ）、峰林盆地（溶原）型（Ⅳ）、峰丛洼地型（Ⅴ）和峰林地貌型（Ⅵ）;利用相关分析方法,分析不同地貌空间配置对洪水径流特征的影响,探索地貌空间配置对洪水的分配与承载规律,从流域结构角度研究地貌空间配置对洪水资源化的实现。研究表明：1）洪水径流模数、径流系数及其C_v值曲线呈现“双峰型”分布,且分别在峰丛谷地型流域（Ⅱ）和峰丛洼地型流域（Ⅴ）达极大值;2）不同流域类型实现洪水资源利用总量,从大到小排序为：Ⅴ（6.22×10⁸ m³）>Ⅰ（2.88×10⁸ m³）>Ⅵ（1.49×10⁸ m³）>Ⅱ（1.34×10⁸ m³）>Ⅳ（1.25×10⁸ m³）>Ⅲ（0.55×10⁸ m³）;3）除峰丛谷地型（Ⅱ）和混合型（Ⅲ）流域外,所有流域类型的地下洪水资源总量大于地表洪水资源总量。喀斯特流域的洪水资源化,深受喀斯特地表的起伏及其流域侵蚀基准面和溶蚀基准面的控制。     

Cloning of the cDNA encoding adenosine 5′-monophosphate deaminase 1 and its mRNA expression in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

AMP deaminase catalyzes the conversion of AMP into IMP and ammonia. In the present study, a full-length cDNA of AMPD1 from skeletal muscle of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was cloned and characterized. The 2 526 bp cDNA contains a 5’-UTR of 78 bp, a 3’-UTR of 237 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 2 211 bp, which encodes a protein of 736 amino acids. The predicted protein contains a highly conserved AMP deaminase motif (SLSTDDP) and an ATP-binding site sequence (EPLMEEYAIAAQVFK). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the AMPD1 and AMPD3 genes originate from the same branch, but are evolutionarily distant from the AMPD2 gene. RT-PCR showed that the flounder AMPD1 gene was expressed only in skeletal muscle. QRT-PCR analysis revealed a statistically significant 2.54 fold higher level of AMPD1 mRNA in adult muscle (750±40 g) compared with juvenile muscle (7.5±2 g) (P<0.05). HPLC analysis showed that the IMP content in adult muscle (3.35±0.21 mg/g) was also statistically significantly higher than in juvenile muscle (1.08±0.04 mg/g) (P<0.05). There is a direct relationship between the AMPD1 gene expression level and IMP content in the skeletal muscle of juvenile and adult flounders. These results may provide useful information for quality improvement and molecular breeding of aquatic animals.     

Stability and changes in astaxanthin ester composition from Haematococcus pluvialis during storage

In this paper, we investigated the effects of temperature, oxygen, antioxidants, and corn germ oil on the stability of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis under different storage conditions, and changes in the composition of astaxanthin esters during storage using high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. Oxygen and high temperatures （22-25~C） significantly reduced the stability of astaxanthin esters. Corn germ oil and antioxidants （ascorbic acid and vitamin E） failed to protect astaxanthin from oxidation, and actually significantly increased the instability of astaxanthin. A change in the relative composition of astaxanthin esters was observed after 96 weeks of long-term storage. During storage, the relative amounts of free astaxanthin and astaxanthin monoesters declined, while the relative amount of astaxanthin diesters increased. Thus, the ratio of astaxanthin diester to monoester increased, and this ratio could be used to indicate if astaxanthin esters have been properly preserved. If the ratio is greater than 0.2, it suggests that the decrease in astaxanthin content could be higher than 20%. Our results show that storing algal powder from H. pluvialis or other natural astaxanthin products under vacuum and in the dark below 4~C is the most economical and applicable storage method for the large-scale production of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis. This storage method can produce an astaxanthin preservation rate of at least 80% after 96 weeks of storage.     

证据权模型中两种预测单元划分方式对比

证据权模型作为一种数据综合方法已被广泛应用于矿产资源定量预测与评价。在模糊证据权基础上,发展了基于地质单元思想的矢量证据图层构建和数据综合方法,并通过实例作具体阐述：它以矿点缓冲区图层作为训练图层,以各证据变量图层在空间上的叠置所形成的唯一地质单元作为评价对象,统一计算各个证据变量的证据权重,进而基于地质单元进行证据综合和后验概率成图。与基于栅格（或规则格网）的模型不同,基于矢量证据权模型以具有明确地质内涵的地质单元（而非规则网格单元）为预测单元,易于解释,并且消除了边界误差;相比基于规则格网划分所得到的成矿单元,以矿床（点）缓冲区作为训练对象,提高了已知矿点的代表性。实例表明：若预测单元大小为初始栅格大小整数倍,各缓冲等级平均面积计算误差为0.26%,否则面积平均误差达到6%;即使在预测单元大小为初始栅格大小整数倍情况下,矿点平均计算误差也达到4.78%。因此,基于地质单元思想的证据权预测单元划分方法在精度上优于基于栅格或规则格网方法。     

Tidal level response to sea-level rise in the yangtze estuary

The rise of tidal level in tidal reaches induced by sea-level rise has a large impact on flood control and water supply for the regions around the estuary.This paper focuses on the variations of tidal level response along the tidal reaches in the Yangtze Estuary,as well as the impacts of upstream discharge on tidal level response,due to the sea-level rise of the East China Sea.Based on the Topex/Poseidon altimeter data obtained during the period 1993～2005,a stochastic dynamic analysis was performed and a forecast model was run to predict the sea-level rise of the East China Sea.Two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical models downscaling from the East China Sea to estuarine areas were implemented to analyze the rise of tidal level along the tidal reaches.In response to the sea-level rise,the tidal wave characteristics change slightly in nearshore areas outside the estuaries,involving the tidal range and the duration of flood and ebb tide.The results show that the rise of tidal level in the tidal reaches due to the sea-level rise has upstream decreasing trends.The step between the stations of Zhangjiagang and Shiyiwei divides the tidal reaches into two parts,in which the tidal level response declines slightly.The rise of tidal level is 1～2.5 mm/a in the upper part,and 4～6 mm/a in the lower part.The stations of Jiangyin and Yanglin,as an example of the upper part and the lower part respectively,are extracted to analyze the impacts of upstream discharge on tidal level response to the sea-level rise.The relation between the rise of tidal level and the upstream discharge can be fitted well with a quadratic function in the upper part.However,the relation is too complicated to be fitted in the lower part because of the tide dominance.For comparison purposes,hourly tidal level observations at the stations of Xuliujing and Yanglin during the period 1993～2009 are adopted.In order to uniform the influence of upstream discharge on tidal level for a certain day each year,the hourly tidal level observations are corrected by the correlation between the increment of tidal level and the increment of daily mean upstream discharge.The rise of annual mean tidal level is evaluated.The resulting rise of tidal level at the stations of Xuliujing and Yanglin is 3.0 mm/a and 6.6 mm/a respectively,close to the rise of 5 mm/a according to the proposed relation between the rise of tidal level and the upstream discharge.