基于COMSOL的地下水封油库围岩流固耦合特征模拟研究

地下水封油库通常建造于完整性好的结晶岩体内部,利用隙存水封的原理将油气封闭于地下洞室内部,洞库围岩在施工及运营期间具有典型的流固耦合特征。论文基于裂隙岩体流固耦合理论,采用COMSOL Multiphysics 软件对洞库围岩不同工况下流固耦合特征进行了模拟研究。研究结果表明:地下洞库在不设置人工水幕情况下,开挖后洞室顶部地下水位明显下降,并形成降落漏斗,可能导致洞室油气外溢; 设置人工水幕后,洞室顶部地下水位下降趋势得到明显控制,有效确保了水封的可靠性; 在设置水幕的情况下,洞室直墙及洞室拱顶与底板角点处出现明显的应力集中,但围岩仍未出现连贯塑性区,洞室最大位移不超过5mm,洞室围岩稳定性良好。分析成果对于指导洞库优化设计及施工具有一定的参考价值。     

北京区域成矿规律综述

2013～2019年开展的"中国矿产地质志·北京卷"项目是全面总结北京地区现代地质矿产工作,特别是新中国成立以来北京地区矿产勘查与研究成果,旨在全面反映北京市矿产全貌及重要成矿规律。本文是对该项工作部分成果的概括总结。系统收集了北京市铁、金、煤、石灰岩等各类矿产资料,划分了矿种矿床类型,重点对铁、金、煤、石灰岩等矿种成矿地质特征进行了阐述。在全国Ⅰ-Ⅲ级成矿区带划分基础上,结合北京市地质构造演化和成矿特点,提出北京市区域成矿区带划分方案,划分了怀柔北金萤石成矿区、八达岭金铜钼铅锌成矿区、京西煤石灰岩成矿区、密云-怀柔铁金成矿区、密云-平谷金石灰岩成矿区5个Ⅴ级成矿区,总结了不同区带各矿种规律特征。从矿产时空演化、岩浆岩控矿、构造控矿角度进行了区域成矿规律总结,提升了北京地区矿产地质研究水平,填补了北京区域成矿规律多矿种综合性研究的空白。     

Fault-Growth Pattern of the South Margin Normal Fault of the Yuguang Basin in Northwest Beijing and its Influencing Factors

Based on high-resolution remote sensing image interpretation, digital elevation model 3-D analysis, field geologic field investigation, trenching engineering, and ground-penetrating radar, synthetic research on the evolution of the Yuguang Basin South Margin Fault (YBSMF) in northwest Beijing was carried out. We found that the propagation and growth of faults most often occurred often at two locations: the fault overlapping zone and the uneven or rough fault segment. Through detailed observation and analysis of all cropouts of faults along the YBSMF from zone a to zone i, we identified three major factors that dominate or affect fault propagation and growth. First, the irregularity of fault geometry determine the propagation and growth of the fault, and therefore, the faults always propagate and grow at such irregular fault segments. The fault finally cuts off and eliminates its irregularity, making the fault geometry and fault plane smoother than before, which contributes to the slipping movement of the half-graben block in the basin. Second, the scale of the irregularity of the fault geometry affects the result of fault propagation and growth, that is, the degree of the cutting off of fault irregularity. The degree of cutting off decreases as irregularity scale increases. Third, the maximum possible slip displacement of the fault segment influences the duration of fault propagation and growth. The duration at the central segments with a large slip displacement is longer than that at the end segments with a smaller slippage value.     

建德市茶叶气象灾害风险区划

基于2010—2022年浙江省建德市区域自动气象站的逐日数据和茶叶种植数据,将早春霜冻、夏季高温热害和冬季冻害作为评价指标,利用层次分析和加权综合评价方法,构建茶叶气象灾害综合风险评估模型。将建德市茶叶气象灾害风险划分为高、中、低3个风险等级。结果表明：建德市茶叶气象灾害综合高风险区主要集中在乾潭、杨村桥、下涯镇西北部和乾潭、三都镇东部区域。中风险区主要集中在莲花、乾潭大部、钦堂中南部、下涯、三都镇中部、大洋镇、梅城镇东部、李家西南部和大同镇北部。低风险区主要集中在杨村桥镇中南部、梅城镇中西部、乾潭镇中部和建德市中南部区域。     

“23·7”河北太行山东麓罕见特大暴雨特征及成因

受台风杜苏芮北上减弱的低压影响,2023年7月29日至8月1日,京津冀地区遭受了历史罕见的特大暴雨,海河发生流域性特大洪水并造成人员伤亡和经济损失。利用高空观测、地面自动站、S波段多普勒天气雷达、风廓线雷达、ERA5再分析资料等,对此次天气过程进行了初步分析。结果表明:特大暴雨过程具有累计降水量大、持续时间长、地形作用明显等特征。台风杜苏芮、卡努提供了极为有利的水汽条件,华北北部形成的高压坝阻挡了台风环流北上,华北地区先后经历了阵性降水、台风倒槽降水和倒槽减弱阶段对流性降水三个阶段,降水落区的叠加效应是形成罕见特大暴雨的主要原因。台风倒槽阶段850 hPa切变线受太行山阻挡移动缓慢,降水持续时间长,初期大气处于近中性状态,雨强整体平稳,30日午后对流开始加强,河北中部降水区冷池出流的偏北风与偏东风形成地面辐合线,使得河北东南部高能区中触发的对流单体发展加强为MCS,移入保定后形成“列车效应”;太行山冷池出流的偏北风与地面东南风形成辐合线触发不稳定能量释放,是30日夜间河北西南部降水维持的原因。31日早晨超过20m·s^-1的东南风急流再次建立,造成北京南部超过110...     

Quantifying contributions of climate feedbacks to tropospheric warming in the NCAR CCSM3.0

In this study, a coupled atmosphere-surface “climate feedback-response analysis method” (CFRAM) was applied to the slab ocean model version of the NCAR CCSM3.0 to understand the tropospheric warming due to a doubling of CO₂ concentration through quantifying the contributions of each climate feedback process. It is shown that the tropospheric warming displays distinct meridional and vertical patterns that are in a good agreement with the multi-model mean projection from the IPCC AR4. In the tropics, the warming in the upper troposphere is stronger than in the lower troposphere, leading to a decrease in temperature lapse rate, whereas in high latitudes the opposite it true. In terms of meridional contrast, the lower tropospheric warming in the tropics is weaker than that in high latitudes, resulting in a weakened meridional temperature gradient. In the upper troposphere the meridional temperature gradient is enhanced due to much stronger warming in the tropics than in high latitudes. Using the CFRAM method, we analyzed both radiative feedbacks, which have been emphasized in previous climate feedback analysis, and non-radiative feedbacks. It is shown that non-radiative (radiative) feedbacks are the major contributors to the temperature lapse rate decrease (increase) in the tropical (polar) region. Atmospheric convection is the leading contributor to temperature lapse rate decrease in the tropics. The cloud feedback also has non-negligible contributions. In the polar region, water vapor feedback is the main contributor to the temperature lapse rate increase, followed by albedo feedback and CO₂ forcing. The decrease of meridional temperature gradient in the lower troposphere is mainly due to strong cooling from convection and cloud feedback in the tropics and the strong warming from albedo feedback in the polar region. The strengthening of meridional temperature gradient in the upper troposphere can be attributed to the warming associated with convection and cloud feedback in the tropics. Since convection is the leading contributor to the warming differences between tropical lower and upper troposphere, and between the tropical and polar regions, this study indicates that tropical convection plays a critical role in determining the climate sensitivity. In addition, the CFRAM analysis shows that convective process and water vapor feedback are the two major contributors to the tropical upper troposphere temperature change, indicating that the excessive upper tropospheric warming in the IPCC AR4 models may be due to overestimated warming from convective process or underestimated cooling due to water vapor feedback.     

昆仑Ms 8.1地震前青藏块体北、东缘水平运动变形的关联特征

青藏块体东北缘和川滇GPS监测区1991(1993)、1999和2001年高精度GPS观测资料揭示：2001年11月14日昆仑Ms8．1地震前，青藏块体北、东缘构造区域水平运动变形场动态演变具有一定的关联性特征。即：在继承性运动总体背景下，临近大震发生时两区域运动强度同步减弱且变形状态发生变化。结合地质构造分析研究认为，昆仑Ms8．1地震前，青藏块体边界运动变形的关联性变化与大震孕育后期大范围应力应变快速积累所形成的扰动应力场有关；随着块体内部大震的发生、应变能的大量释放和构造应力场的调整，可能会促使块体边界地带具有较高应变积累的相关构造部位(尤其是未被历史强震破裂贯通的地带)的应力应变的进一步积累或破裂释放。     

The Present Space-Time Motion and Deformation Features of the Northeastern Margin of the Qinghai-Xizang（Tibet） Block and Its Adjacent Area

On the basis of Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA), and considering the moderate intrusion of specific block boundaries to different extents, the first-order block motion model is established for the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) block and the kinematical model for depicting deformation of small regions as well by using GPS observations of three periods (1991, 1999 and 2001). By simulating, we obtained the motion features of the firstorder blocks between the large WWN faults on the sides of the studied region, the distribution features of the principal strain rate field and the inhomogeneous motion features with spacetime of the faults in the northern boundary of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) block.     

强震中期阶段区域性形变异常的共性特征及其预测意义

大地形变是地壳构造运动变形在地表的反映.基于区域水准、GPS等大地形变监测得到的、与构造有关的区域性形变异常,是伴随着强震孕育到一定阶段的外在表现,它具有定量直观、物理意义明确的特点.然而,由于区域水准垂直形变复测间隔较长(几年或更长),GPS资料积累的时间又短、震例较欠缺,使得将区域性形变异常用于地震的中短期预测受到限制.近年启动的中国地震局"十五"重点科研项目"强地震中期预测新技术、物理基础及其应用研究"的主要内容之一,就是将区域水准、GPS等监测得到的大范围区域性形变异常背景场、应变场分布与地质构造活动背景相结合,应用国家重点基础研究"大陆强震机理与预测"(973)项目"活动地块"方面的研究成果,从大的空间分布上研究与强震孕育有关的区域性形变、应变场异常分布特征,进行强震中期(1～3年)预测研究.     

区域构造形变不均匀分布与强震地点

强震的孕育、发生涉及大尺度的地壳运动和构造形变的分布.中国大陆西部现今构造形变强烈,一些强烈活动的深大断裂的分布,把地壳分割成了若干活动地块.GPS观测获得的大范围的水平运动速度场分布具有较好的空间有序性和协调性.大区域水平相对运动和变形的协调与平衡,主要是通过一些大的断裂带(活动地块的边界带)的剧烈运动和变形来调整实现的.大区域的继承性构造运动决定了这些大的活动断裂带的相对运动与变形的性质及其空间分布趋势.强震前局部区域的相对运动和变形的异常是与大区域的地壳运动和整体变形相联系的.强震活动引起的调整总体上是维护大区域地壳运动和变形的协调与平衡的趋势.研究大断裂带构造变形的趋势背景和识别异常区段,是预测未来强震地点的重要途径.