汶川地震动弹性和弹塑性反应谱分析

利用汶川地震获得的数字强震记录研究了汶川近场无速度脉冲、近场含速度脉冲和远场(盆地效应)地震动的弹性和弹塑性反应谱,后者包括等延性强度折减系数谱Rμ、等延性位移比谱Cu和等强度折减系数位移比谱CR.与相同场地条件PEER近场无速度脉冲、集集近场含速度脉冲地震动的谱进行了比较.汶川近场含速度脉冲地震动的弹性反应谱在0.2～0.8s周期内明显偏小,而它的弹塑性反应谱在短周期段(0.1 ～0.4 s)与汶川近场无速度脉冲地震动谱差别不大,但等延性强度折减系数谱Ru要大于集集地震含速度脉冲地震动的谱,而等延性位移比谱Cu和等强度折减系数位移比谱CR则小于集集地震动情况,此后随周期增长(至0.6 ～1.Os后)它们都逐渐过渡至与集集地震动的谱相当.汶川远场(盆地效应)地震动的弹性反应谱具有较宽并随周期缓慢增长的平台值和较长的特征周期,可达1.7s及以上.提出了远场(盆地效应)与近场地震动的弹性反应比谱和弹塑性位移比谱的概念.     

自动站月报表预审中极值异常现象浅析

近年新型自动气象站在地面测报中发挥越来越大的作用,而地面预审是保证气象资料正确性的一项重要工作.随着计算机处理在地面审核中的应用,可以解决数据问相当多的逻辑错误,但由于现行地面气象测报业务软件月报表预审的功能尚不甚完备,以及受仪器故障和失误操作等的影响,容易造成记录的气象要素极值数据出现异常,分析此类问题成因并提出相关处理方法,以及就如何保证B、Z,A、J文件完整性,尤其是B到A文件转换时极值出现错误进行探讨,避免报表数据错误造成错情.     

济南市商品住宅价格空间分布研究

通过对济南市商品住宅价格空间分布的研究,了解济南市商品住宅价格的空间分布的特征与规律,确定影响济南市商品住宅价格空间分布的因素,为促进济南市商品住宅市场的发展,政府制定住宅产业政策,合理进行城市规划等提出合理化的建议。     

国内水文序列变异点分析方法及在各流域应用研究进展

变异点识别在区分气候变化和人类活动对水文过程的影响中具有十分重要的作用。近几十年来,国内水文序列变异点的研究逐渐发展,从最早的使用单一方法发展到由多种方法组成的水文序列变异点诊断系统和对部分方法的改进。同时,各种方法在中国各主要流域得到广泛应用,但是使用的方法不同,水文序列时间年限不同,得到的变异点的结果也不完全一致。本文将目前普遍采用的方法及在各流域的应用成果进行了系统总结,为今后水文序列变异点的方法改进及其在流域中的应用发展提供参考。     

铜仁地区陡山沱期盖帽碳酸盐岩地质地球化学特征及其成因

通过对贵州铜仁地区陡山沱期盖帽碳酸盐岩进行野外地质观察与室内岩石薄片显微镜下观察和研究,发现盖帽碳酸盐岩普遍发育有晶洞构造、帐篷构造、层状裂隙及包卷状构造等特殊沉积构造,重晶石、黄铁矿广泛发育,δ(13C)(2个研究剖面平均值分别为-4.73×10-3,-4.52×10-3)普遍显著负偏。研究区盖帽碳酸盐岩的地质地球化学特征依据"甲烷渗漏"成因假说能够较合理地解释。     

Ecologically based landscape pattern optimization in northwest of Beijing

Supported by the technologies of remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS), we chose northwest of Beijing as a study area and gave priority to understanding of the spatial-temporal characteristics of landscape pattern change through visually interpreted Landsat TM images of 1989, 1996 and 2005. It is believed that there were a series of landscape ecological problems caused by city expansion: landscape ecological connectivity was low; landscape structure was simplified; the fragmentation of green land patch was more obvious on the plain areas, moreover, spatial distribution of green land was unbalanced. For this reason, this study adopted accumulative cost distance model, combined with ecosystem services and spatial interactions of landscape types, analyzed the spatial difference of the ecological function and the compactness of landscape structure in the study area, and further discussed the landscape pattern optimization proposal. We find that it is essential to protect and establish ecological sources, to establish urban ecological corridors, and to establish ecological nodes at the landscape ecological strategic positions so as to intensify spatial relationships among landscape elements and maintain continuity of landscape ecological process and pattern in the course of city expansion. The methods and final results from this study are expected to be useful for landscape ecological planning in Beijing region.     

On stress-forecasting strategy of earthquakes from stress buildup,stress shadow and stress transfer (SSS) based on numerical approach

Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), used for monitoring crust deformation, are found to be very promising in earthquake prediction subject to stress-forecasting. However, it is recognized that unless we can give reasonable explanations of these curious precursory phenomena that continue to be serendipitously observed from time to time, such high technology of GPS or InSAR is difficult to be efficiently used. Therefore, a proper model revealing the relation between earthquake evolution and stress variation, such as the phenomena of stress buildup, stress shadow and stress transfer (SSS), is crucial to the GPS or InSAR based earthquake prediction. Here we address this question through a numerical approach of earthquake development using an intuitive physical model with a map-like configuration of discontinuous fault system. The simulation provides a physical basis for the principle of stress-forecasting of earthquakes based on SSS and for the application of GPS or InSAR in earthquake prediction. The observed SSS associated phenomena with images of stress distribution during the failure process can be continuously simulated. It is shown that the SSS are better indicators of earthquake precursors than that of seismic foreshocks, suggesting a predictability of earthquakes based on stress-forecasting strategy.     

天水市干旱气候变化特征及粮食作物结构调整

分析了天水市1960-2005年干旱气候特征,包括温度、降水等气候因子及土壤水分、干旱频次等变化特点。结果表明,20世纪90年代为近46 a来降水的最低值,进入21世纪后,降水变率明显增大。气温自20世纪60年代总体呈上升趋势,特别是90年代以来上升趋势明显,土壤蒸散发加大。20世纪90年代土壤含水量最少,水分亏缺最为严重,春旱、初夏旱、伏旱出现几率最多。根据46 a来干旱气候变化特点及其对主要粮食作物生长的影响,引进影响系数,对主要夏、秋粮作物种植风险程度进行评估,并运用线性风险决策模式, 提出适应干旱气候特点的当地主要粮食作物种植比例调整方案。     

华北克拉通南缘方城县吴沟花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄报道

1 研究目的(Objective) 前人对华北克拉通南缘燕山期花岗岩的研究主要集中于鲁山以西地区,且重点关注对象为岩基、面积较大的岩株以及与成矿作用相关中—酸性小岩体.鲁山以东地区也广泛出露燕山期花岗岩,但其岩石成因研究成果报道较少,特别是那些"不具成矿效应"的花岗岩小岩体.吴沟花岗岩位于华北克拉通南缘(图1a),北东...