Information-associated join indices for spatial range search

Abstract

Spatial join indices are join indices constructed for spatial objects. Similar to join indices in relational database systems, spatial join indices improve efficiency of spatial join operations. In this paper, a spatial-information-associated join indexing mechanism is developed to speed up spatial queries, especially, spatial range queries. Three distance-associated join index structures: basic, ring-structured and hierarchical, are developed and studied. Such join indexing structures can be further extended to include orientation information for flexible applications, which leads to zone-structured and other spatial-information-associated join indices. Our performance study and analysis show that spatial-information-associated join indices substantially improve the performance of spatial queries and that different structures are best suited for different applications.     

Discrete displacement analysis for geographic linear features and the application to glacier termini

The extent of glacier terminus displacement is instrumental in investigations of natural or artificial geographic changes. Its importance to earth science and engineering is reflected in the considerable efforts that have been devoted to the development of several boundary displacement analysis methods. Among the methods, the buffering-based approach compares favorably with other approaches in objectivity and robustness. However, it does not consider the relative positions of boundaries, because its buffering operation cannot determine features' relative directions. This limitation incurs inaccurate calculation results – underestimation of mean shifts and overestimation of shape variations, especially when the two compared boundaries intersect. Discrete displacement analysis (DDA), an alternative method that considers given geographic objects as a set of a finite number of points, is proposed here. In a series of tests carried out, including Jakobshavn glacier's calving front, DDA was found to correctly calculate mean shift and shape variation even in cases where the conventional buffering-based method failed. Moreover, this approach is independent of the dimension of space in which it is implemented, and thus is expected to be utilized for analysis of 3D geographic object displacement.     

东北三省城市紧凑度分布特征与空间关联分析

紧凑型城市发展是相对于分散型城市发展较为经济的一种发展模式。为探索东北三省城市紧凑度现状及特征,首先,从土地利用紧凑性、经济紧凑性、人口紧凑性、基础设施紧凑性,环境协调等方面切入,建立紧凑度评价的指标体系,运用熵值法对东北三省地级及以上城市的紧凑度进行了评价,并从空间和数量统计角度,应用SPSS软件,归类分析了城市紧凑度的分布特征;其次,以计算得到的紧凑度指数为基础,借助GIS软件,运用空间全局/局部自相关分析方法对东北三省城市紧凑度分布的相关性进行了分析,并利用地理加权分析方法,对紧凑度与影响紧凑度分布的主要因子的关联性进行分析。研究结果表明,东北三省城市紧凑度呈现出较为突出的极化分布现象,不同主因子对紧凑度分布影响的差异性显著。     

Research on wind-induced responses of a large-scale membrane structure

The wind-induced responses of a large-scale membrane structure, Expo Boulevard, are evaluated in this study. To obtain the wind pressure distribution on the roof surface, a wind tunnel test is performed. A brief analysis of wind pressure on the membrane roof is conducted first and then an analysis of the wind-induced responses of the structure is carried out using a numerical integral method in the time domain. In the process of calculation, the geometrical nonlinearity is taken into account. Results indicate that mean, RSM and peak values of the structure responses increase nonlinearly while the approaching flow velocity increases. Strong nonlinear characteristics are observed in the displacement responses, whereas the responses of nodal stress and cable axial force show minimal nonlinear properties when the membrane structure is subjected to wind loads. Different values of the damping ratio only have a minimal impact on the RSM response of the structure because the background component is a dominant part of the total dynamic response and the resonant component is too small. As the damping ratio increases from 0.02 to 0.05, the RMS responses of vertical displacement, nodal stress and cable axial force decrease by 8.1%, 6.7% and 17.9%, respectively. Since the mean component plays a significant role in the wind-induced response, the values of the gust response factor are not high for Expo Boulevard.     

Investigation of ULF Seismo-Magnetic Phenomena in Kanto, Japan During 2000–2010: Case Studies and Statistical Studies

In order to clarify the ultra low frequency (ULF) seismo-magnetic phenomena, a sensitive geomagnetic network has been installed in Kanto, Japan. In this study, we have analyzed geomagnetic data observed during the past decade in Izu and Boso Peninsulas. Energy of ULF geomagnetic signals at the frequency around 0.01 Hz has been investigated by wavelet transform analysis. To identify anomalous changes in ionospheric disturbances, the station Memabutsu has been chosen as a reference station. Case studies of magnitude 6 class earthquakes have demonstrated that there are unusual geomagnetic energy enhancements in the vertical component before the main shocks. Statistical studies by superposed epoch analysis have indicated that, before a sizeable earthquake, there are clearly higher probabilities of ULF anomalies than after the earthquake: statistical results of daily counts were found significant at about 3–4 weeks before, 1 week before, few days before, and 1 day after the event for Seikoshi station in Izu and around 2 weeks before, few days before, and 1 day after the event for Kiyosumi station in Boso, respectively.     

Verification and validation of a seismic response analysis code for framed structures using the ASI‐Gauss technique

In this report, the capabilities of the adaptively shifted integration (ASI)‐Gauss code in the analysis of the seismic responses of framed structures are verified and validated by comparing the results with detailed numerical simulations performed by the parallel finite element analysis code, E‐Simulator, and with experimental results obtained by E‐Defense. The numerical results obtained by both codes showed good agreement with the experimental results obtained by E‐Defense. Furthermore, seismic waves with unnaturally large magnitudes are applied to a high‐rise building model to demonstrate the ability of the ASI‐Gauss code to analyze the collapse behaviors of building frames. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coupling of a simultaneous heat and water model with a distributed hydrological model and evaluation of the combined model in a cold region watershed

Snow and frozen soil prevail in cold regions worldwide, and the integration of these processes is crucial in hydrological models. In this study, a combined model was developed by fully coupling a simultaneous heat and water model with a geomorphologically based distributed hydrological model. The combined model simulates vertical and lateral water transfer as well as vertical heat fluxes and is capable of representing the effects of frozen soil and snowmelt on hydrological processes in cold regions. This model was evaluated by using in situ observations in the Binggou watershed, an experimental watershed for cold region hydrology of the Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research Project. Results showed that the model was able to predict soil freezing and thawing, unfrozen soil water content, and snow depth reasonably well. The simulated hydrograph was in good agreement with the in situ observation. The Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of daily discharge was 0.744 for the entire simulation period, 0.472 from April to June, and 0.711 from June to November. This model can improve our understanding of hydrological processes in cold regions and assess the impacts of global warming on hydrological cycles and water resources. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Controlling of cements and physical property of sandstone by fault as observed in well Xia503 of Huimin sag, Linnan sub-depression

Cement content of carbonate in tight sandstone near section is much higher than that of the normal sandstones far away from the fault of well Xia503,in the Huimin sag in Linnan sub-depression.In order to understand the origin and its impact on fault sealing,analyses of the whole-rock minerals,casting thin sections,cathodoluminescence,isotope and physical properties are conducted on cores from well Xia503.It is found that 13C varies from 0.1‰to 0.6‰with the average value of 0.42‰,18O varies from 13.5‰to 12.3‰with the average of 13.1‰,and C–O isotope plotting points are distributed in the low to moderate temperature area of the hydrothermal dolomite.According to the occupied relationship,cathodoluminescence,and C–O isotope feature,the carbonate cementation could be divided into four stages:calcites,dolomite,ankerite,and ferrocalcite.It is discovered that the carbonate cementation is negatively related to reservoir physical property,with the porosity of 4.8%,permeability of 0.37 mD,and displacement pressure of 1.97 MPa in the tight sandstone,which have increased by almost one order of magnitude compared to the porosity of 14.3%,permeability of 3.73 mD,and displacement pressure of 0.27 MPa in the normal sandstone,which is far away from the fault.Regardless of the lithology of the counterpart wall of the fault,only the displacement pressure difference caused by carbonate cementation between the tight sandstone and the normal sandstone could seal 41 m high oil column.     

芦山MS7.0地震建筑结构震害特征

基于2013年4月20日四川芦山M_S7.0地震灾区的房屋建筑震害调查资料, 初步分析了这次地震中建筑结构的震害特征. 结合典型建筑结构震害案例, 从抗震概念设计和抗震构造措施的角度对震害机理进行了探讨, 总结了结构抗震设计方面的经验和教训并给出了相关的建议. 分析表明, 农村自建的砖木和土木结构房屋的抗震能力普遍较差; 砖混结构和砌体-框架混合结构的抗震性能需要严格的抗震构造措施给予保证, 包括合理设置钢筋混凝土构造柱和圈梁, 合理设置承重墙的数量以及承重墙上开洞的数量和位置; 由于鞭梢效应造成的突出屋顶的楼梯间和加层的破坏需引起重视.