南海成因研究现状

南海作为西太平洋边缘海中最大的海盆，其成因与欧亚板块、太平洋板块和印度-澳大利亚板块密切相关，而且也是世界上重要的油气产区，成为国内外地质学家长期研究的热点地区之一。本文在前人研究的基础上对南海成因模式进行概括和总结，在此基础上讨论了南海成因模式存在的问题以及今后应重点研究的方面。     

相干体技术在识别小断层和陷落柱中的应用

相干体技术是利用三维数据体来比较局部地震波形的相似性,相干值较低的点与反射波波形不连续性相关。对相干数据体作水平切片图,可揭示断层、岩性体边缘、陷落柱、不整合等地质现象。以山西省某三维地震数据体为例,利用Geoframe软件计算相关体,借以解决煤田地质勘探中识别小断层和陷落柱等地质问题。     

如何评价电子水准仪的质量与性能

本文探讨了评价电子水准仪时应考虑的几个主要方面及检测时应注意的问题,并提出了“综合评价”电子水准仪的简便方法。     

多参数雷达在气象观测中的应用

根据双偏振（水平/垂直线性偏振）、双波长（S波段和X波段）、多普勒天气雷达分别在美国佛罗里达州中部亚热带地区和科罗拉多高原的观测数据时间序列,对在两个不同地理环境、不同天气情况下雷达参数的气象特征及其统计特性进行了分析和比较,为我国开发研制双偏振多普勒天气雷达及其气象应用提供了有意义的参考数据和资料。     

基于互补性参数的港湾初级生产力遥感及GIS探测模型

到目前为止,港湾初级生产力的遥感探测方法基本上集中在对叶绿素的光谱探测上,由于干扰因素的存在（海面波动,水中悬浮泥砂）,使遥感探测的精度受到影响。本文提出一种基于地理信息系统方法的具有互补性参数的港湾初级生产力遥感探测模型,由于互补性参数的存在,极大地提高了模型的抗干扰能力,使探测的精度得到明显改善。在广东大亚湾的初步试验表明：水交换状态参数的引用,模型的误差从６．５％降为０．２６％,精度大大提高,从而证明该方法的可行性和有效性。     

北天山地区活动逆断裂-褶皱带构造与潜在震源区估计

北天山山前逆断裂－褶皱带是典型的大陆内部活动挤压构造,该地区的地表活动构造、隐伏活动构造及活动背斜都受地下深处近水平滑脱断层控制。对１９０６年玛纳斯地震（Ｍ７．７）的发震构造、地表变形与破裂特征和山前活动逆断裂带上古地震的研究表明,北天山山前隐伏活动深断坡具备大地震发生的构造条件,大致以金钩河为界分为东西两段,相应地构成两个大地震潜在震源（Ｍ８）。山前第２条玛纳斯逆断裂－褶皱带和第３条独山子逆断裂－褶皱带中的各个活动背斜,以及西湖隆起等可能是８个中强地震的潜在震源（Ｍ６）。     

A preliminary research establishing the present-time intraplate blocks movement model on the Chinese mainland based on GPS data

The Chinese mainland is regarded as the best area for studying the continental crustal movement and dynamics. In the past, based on the ground surface observation, it was very difficult to study the movement of the intraplate blocks within a range of larger space and a time scale of several years quantitatively. In this paper, a method of calculating the Euler vectors of present-time motion among blocks by using Cardan angles has been given completely based on two periods of GPS repetition measurement data of the National Ascending Plan of China (NAPC) — the study and application of current crustal movement and geodynamics in 1994 and 1996. A present-time blocks movement model on the Chinese mainland (PBMC-1), which describes the motion of seven blocks—Tibet, Chuan-Dian, Gan-Qing, Xinjiang, South China, North China and Heilongjiang block, is established preliminarily. The velocity field of the relative motion among the intraplate blocks and boundary motion in the Chinese mainland are firstly given within several years time scale. It is shown by the results calculated with the model that the velocity-rate of each block is reduced gradually from the south to north and from the west to east, and the motion direction changes gradually from NNE to E, even SEE or SE. The collision of Indian plate plays a leading role in the movement of the intraplate blocks in the Chinese mainland, while the motion manner and velocity-rate of block boundary zone (fracture zone) depend on the motion of every block again. The present-time motion of a time scale of several years computed with the model is not only largely consistent with the average motion of a time scale of several million years derived from geology, but also very coincident with the results of geophysical and astronomic observation. It is shown preliminarily that the observed results of space geodesy techniques such as GPS etc. are capable of discovering the crustal movement at present. This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC), National Ascending Plan of China (NAPC) and Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation (CJSSF).     

New paleomagnetic results from Ceno-Mesozoic volcanic rocks along southern rim of the Tarim Basin,China*

Paleomagnetic samples were collected from four localities located in the southern rim of the Tarim basin. The samples were taken from volcanic rocks erupted between Jurassic and Quaternary. Detailed analysis of all samples has been carried out with progressive thermal demagnetization. A characteristic remanence (ChRM) with higher unblocking temperature has been isolated from all samples. The pole position from the middle Jurassic is at 52.5°N, 187.9°E(dp = 3.7°,dm =6.5°); the directions of the ChRM of Cretaceous correspond to a paleopole at 69.7°N, 211.6°E (dp = 9.8°,dm = 15.9°); the Quaternary pole from the Pulu site is at 79. 9°N, 183.1°E(dp = 1.6°.dm =2.4°). On the basis of these new paleomagnetic data, tectonic evolution of Tarim block is presented.

     

库车坳陷同沉积演化的古地磁研究

运用古地磁学方法研究了库车坳陷第三系同沉积褶皱,同褶皱检验发现上新统和渐新统原生剩磁主要是同沉积剩磁,说明该区上新世和渐新世表现出较强的构造活动性;因而,对推断控制库车坳陷油气分布的构造格架和相关的构造形迹有十分重要的地质意义。     

玻镁安山岩中辉石枝晶的形貌与晶体生长方式

川西乡城地区的玻镁安山岩基质中辉石微晶具有奇特的枝晶形貌。通过高倍率光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察,较详细地分析了辉石枝晶的形貌细节。辉石枝晶一般发育三级分枝,各分枝间以近于90°和110°交角沿单斜辉石结晶学主轴方位优先生长,各级分校具有整体一致的光学性质,如同单个晶体。玻镁安山岩浆流动性大,呈薄层状。快速冷凝作用和强的结晶能力是辉石枝晶发育的前提条件。初步探讨了在远离平衡态结晶时,辉石枝晶生长方式和界面稳定性对晶体形貌的控制作用。