水杨酸对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa) 生长及抗逆相关基因的影响

以蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)为研究对象, 首先克隆了热激蛋白70(HSP70)和磷 酸甘油酸激酶(PGK)基因全长序列, 然后研究了0-20μg/mL 水杨酸对高温胁迫下HSP70 和PGK 基 因表达, 以及蛋白核小球藻生长、可溶性糖和蛋白含量的影响。结果获得了蛋白核小球藻HSP70 基 因的cDNA 序列2405 bp, 包括60 bp 的5'-非编码区(UTR)、1959 bp 的开放阅读框(ORF)和386 bp 的3'-UTR 和PGK 基因的cDNA 序列1664 bp, 包括35 bp 的5'-UTR, 1398 bp ORF 和231 bp 3'-UTR. 序列比较和分析表明该蛋白核小球藻HSP70 序列与其它绿藻的同源性高达83%-91%, PGK 为 70%-75%.荧光定量PCR 结果显示随着水杨酸浓度的增加, HSP70 和PGK 的表达量在12h 和24h 均有所增加, 而在10 μg/mL 水杨酸浓度下表达量最大, 12h 时分别为对照组的2.57 倍和1.56 倍, 24h 则为1.71 倍和1.79 倍。1-20μg/mL 水杨酸可促进该藻的比生长速率、可溶性糖和蛋白含量的升高。 本文结果表明一定浓度水杨酸对高温胁迫蛋白核小球藻有缓解作用, 且5 和10 μg/mL 水杨酸的效果 最显著。     

北极秋季海冰密集度与中国初冬降雨之间的关系

本文通过对中国地区实测降水及北极海冰卫星数据的分析,研究了北极秋季海冰密集度与中国初冬降雨的关系。合成分析的研究结果表明2000年之前中国南方和北方冬季降水偏少,中部降水偏多,这之后中国南方和北方冬季降水增加,中部降水减少。SVD研究结果显示,北极海冰减少使得近三十年来中国南方和北方冬季降雨呈现逐渐增多,中部地区(从青藏高原向东北方向至日本)降雨逐步减少的趋势。随着北极海冰的进一步减少,如遇合适的气候条件,南方冻雨出现的概率会加大。北极秋季海冰异常的回复过程加之冬季海冰异常的延续信号在中国、蒙古及日本北部激发一个阻塞高压,以巴伦支海/卡拉海为中心激发一个异常低压。这使得来自北冰洋大西洋扇区的冷空气南下至欧洲大陆和亚洲北部,在阻塞高压的影响下,冷空气进一步南下,进入东亚地区。这不仅使得亚洲冬季温度降低,也为中国北部降水增加提供条件。     

An Assessment of ENSO Stability in CAMS Climate System Model Simulations

We present an overview of the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) stability simulation using the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences climate system model(CAMS-CSM). The ENSO stability was quantified based on the Bjerknes(BJ) stability index. Generally speaking, CAMS-CSM has the capacity of reasonably representing the BJ index and ENSO-related air–sea feedback processes. The major simulation biases exist in the underestimated thermodynamic damping and thermocline feedbacks. Further diagnostic analysis reveals that the underestimated thermodynamic feedback is due to the underestimation of the shortwave radiation feedback, which arises from the cold bias in mean sea surface temperature(SST) over central–eastern equatorial Pacific(CEEP). The underestimated thermocline feedback is attributed to the weakened mean upwelling and weakened wind–SST feedback(μ_a) in the model simulation compared to observation. We found that the weakened μ_a is also due to the cold mean SST over the CEEP.The study highlights the essential role of reasonably representing the climatological mean state in ENSO simulations.     

西太平洋副高脊线北抬至25°N的OLR特征及诊断分析

取西太平洋副热带高压脊线北抬至 2 5°N日期和射出长波辐射 (OLR)月平均资料为素材 ,确定副高脊线北抬至 2 5°N指数和异常年例 ,揭示异常年例的OLR特征 ,进行诊断判据分析 ;主要结果有 :(1 ) 6月东亚中低纬地区的OLR距平场由中纬向低纬若呈偏低 (高 )、偏高 (低 )、偏低 (高 )分布时 ,副高脊线北抬至 2 5°N易于偏早 (迟 ) ;(2 )在分析诊断判据时 ,上一年 1 1月侧重南半球澳大利亚地区OLR所显示的信息 ;而当年三月侧重西太平洋辐合区OLR所显示的信息。     

宁夏区域精细化温度预报业务平台

介绍以宁夏中尺度数值模式温度预报为基础,以宁夏精细化预报系统温度预报产品为核心,结合自动气象站等多种资料,以图形方式显示、修改和制作宁夏各站逐时温度预报业务平台。该平台以宁夏各地区代表站与该地区其它站之间的回归方程的计算量为依据,在温度预报物理过程不变的情况下,通过修改曲线的方式,完成对大数据量温度预报值的订正。该平台的建成,为制作高时间密度的预报提供了技术支撑。     

青海高原春季气温异常成因及低温过程诊断分析

文章利用1961—2012年青海省气温观测数据、NCEP月平均再分析资料集、国家气候中心74项环流特征量,以及美国国家海洋局和大气管理局的52项气候指数,分析探讨青海高原春季气温异常特征及其影响因子。结果表明：青海高原春季气温呈显著上升趋势,并具有明显的年代际变化特征;北半球冬季欧亚(EU)遥相关型对次年春季青海高原气温异常具有很好的指示意义,当符合EU型分布时,青海春季气温易于偏低;春季乌拉尔山高压脊、东亚大槽、北半球副热带高压和极涡、高原高度场对春季气温具有一定的影响;同时,春季气温对北印度洋的索马里—阿拉伯海—孟加拉湾地区、西北太平洋及赤道中太平洋海温异常具有很好的响应,当上述关键海区海温偏冷（暖）时,易引起冷（暖）春。青海春季的持续低温过程是导致春季气温偏低的直接原因,造成低温过程频发的主要影响系统为贝加尔湖以南地区的低压明显发展时,青海高原处于槽后脊前西北气流中,高原高度场偏低,受频繁性冷空气影响易出现持续性低温过程,而相反该地区高压异常强盛时,青海高原多盛行下沉气流,以晴好天气为主,不利于低温过程的出现。     

多年冻土区活动层冻融状况及土壤水分运移特征

利用位于典型多年冻土区的唐古拉综合观测场2007年9月1日—2008年9月1日实测活动层剖面土壤温度和水分数据,对多年冻土区活动层的冻结融化规律进行研究;同时,对冻融过程中的活动层土壤液态水含量的变化特征进行分析,探讨了活动层内部土壤水分分布特征及其运移特点对活动层冻结融化过程的影响. 结果表明：活动层融化过程从表层开始向下层土壤发展,冻结过程则会出现双向冻结现象. 一个完整的年冻融循环中活动层冻结过程耗时要远远小于融化过程. 活动层土壤经过一个冻融循环,土壤水分整体呈现下移的趋势,土壤水分逐步运移至多年冻土上限附近积累. 同时,土壤水分含量和运移特征会对活动层冻融过程产生显著的影响.     

The yield and isotopic composition of radiolytic H2, a potential energy source for the deep subsurface biosphere

The production rate and isotopic composition of H₂ derived from radiolytic reactions in H₂O were measured to assess the importance of radiolytic H₂ in subsurface environments and to determine whether its isotopic signature can be used as a diagnostic tool. Saline and pure, aerobic and anaerobic water samples with pH values of 4, 7, and 10 were irradiated in sealed vials at room temperature with an artificial γ source, and the H₂ abundance in the headspace and its isotopic composition were measured. The H₂ concentrations were observed to increase linearly with dosage at a rate of 0.40 ± 0.04 molecules (100 eV)⁻¹ within the dosage range of 900 to 3500 Gray (Gy; Gy = 1 J Kg⁻¹) with no indication of a maximum limit on H₂ concentration. At ∼2000 Gy, the H₂ concentration varied only by 16% across the experimental range of pH, salinity, and O₂. Based upon this measured yield and H₂ yields for α and β particles, a radiolytic H₂ production rate of 10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁴ nM s⁻¹ was estimated for the range of radioactive element concentrations and porosities typical of crustal rocks. The δD of H₂ was independent of the dosage, pH (except for pH 4), salinity, and O₂ and yielded an αD_H2O-H2 of 2.05 ± 0.07 (αD_H2O-H2 = (D/H)_H2O to (D/H)_H2), slightly less than predicted radiolytic models. Although this radiolytic fractionation value is significantly heavier than that of equilibrium isotopic exchange between H₂ and H₂O, the isotopic exchange rate between H₂ and H₂O will erase the heavy δD of radiolytic H₂ if the age of the groundwater is greater than ∼10³ to 10⁴ yr. The millimolar concentrations of H₂ observed in the groundwater of several Precambrian Shields are consistent with radiolysis of water that has resided in the subsurface for a few million years. These concentrations are well above those required to support H₂-utilizing microorganisms and to inhibit H₂-producing, fermentative microorganisms.     

Solubilities,Densities,Refractive Indices of Aqueous Ternary Systems PEG400-NaCl/KCl-H2O at 298 K

Phase equilibria for the NaCl/KCl-PEG400-H_2 O aqueous ternary systems at 298 K were studied using an isothermal dissolution method. In addition,the densities and refractive indices were determined. The corresponding phase diagrams,as well as the density vs. composition and refractive index vs.composition diagrams,were plotted. Results revealed that over the entire PEG400 composition range studied at 298 K only 1 liquid phase was obtained,without the formation of a biphase region. The phase diagrams of these 2 systems consist of 1 homogeneous area with unsaturated liquid( L) and an equilibrium area containing the solid phase of NaCl/KCl and the saturated liquid phase( S + L). The solubility of NaCl/KCl decreases with the addition of PEG400 at 298 K.     

改革开放以来东北区城市化与产业结构变动关系研究

总结了改革开放以来东北区城市化发展特点与产业结构变动特点。运用城市化与工业化互动规律、产业结构演变规律和城市化发展规律对东北区城市化与产业结构变动关系进行分析,并探讨了其形成原因。在此基础上,提出了东北区城市化与产业结构协调发展策略:①优化产业结构,加速城市化发展。②以合理的城镇体系结构为载体,促进非农产业的发展。③加强基础设施建设,促进城市化与产业结构的协调发展。