个旧锡矿33号矿群地质特征与其外围找矿方向

个旧锡矿区是老矿区，开采历史悠久，目前资源紧张，急需开展找矿增储研究。33号矿群是近年新勘查的矿体，以接触交代矿床为主，经工程揭露，现已探明一定锡储量，目前矿山生产急需向外围找矿，以期扩大储量，但苦于找矿工程方向不清。我们通过对隐伏花岗岩体形态，锡、铜的矿化强度模型，地表地球化学结合地质研究，指出33号矿群的北东，芦塘坝断裂与炸药库断裂交截部位附近为最有利的找矿空间。     

A reappraisal of the high-Ti and low-Ti classification of basalts and petrogenetic linkage between basalts and mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China

Based on published data, we reappraise the classification of high-Ti and low-Ti basalt from the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) and the correlations between basalts and mafic–ultramafic intrusions. Because of the lack of clear spatial and temporal variations of different types of basalts, we suggest that the basalts in the ELIP cannot be classified into high-Ti and low-Ti groups, by TiO₂ contents and/or Ti/Y ratios. The distinctive characteristics of these high-Ti and low-Ti lavas probably result largely from the different fractionating assemblages. Whether or not fractional crystallization of the Fe–Ti oxides occurred probably is the key factor that controls the Ti abundances and Ti/Y ratios in the residual melts, e.g., lavas, although the nature of the mantle sources, variable degrees of partial melting of mantle and crustal contamination also influence the geochemical signatures of the lavas. Therefore, neither Ti abundance nor Ti/Y ratios in basalts can reflect the nature of their mantle source. Moreover, the different types of mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the ELIP cannot simply be attributed to be genetically related special types of basalts, either high-Ti or low-Ti basalts. It is likely that they are merely the cumulus phases, i.e. chamber or conduit of the basaltic lavas. Hence, caution should be exercised in the use of high-Ti or low-Ti basalts as prospecting vectors for ore deposits in the region. Potential implications are proposed that both the Fe–V–Ti oxide and Cu–Ni–(PGE) sulfide mineralization in the ELIP intrusions is largely due to the variable differentiation and crustal contamination during magmatic processes.     

西江下游溶解无机碳含量的时空变异特征及其输出通量

选取西江下游干支流6个样点进行一个完整水文年度的观测分析,利用基本水文水化学参数来揭示河水溶解无机碳(DIC)含量的时空变异特征,并估算流域DIC输出通量.结果表明,西江下游干支流DIC含量受控于流域地质环境和水热条件,变化于0.74～2.40 mmol/L之间,存在明显的时空变异.干支流DIC含量季节变化模式基本一致,呈现汛期(不包括受洪水影响极强的时段)较高、非汛期较低而洪水期最低的变化特征,流域水热条件的季节变化是其根本原因;河水DIC含量的空间变异基本与流域碳酸盐岩空间分布格局一致,干流DIC含量明显高于支流,且向下游呈减小趋势.西江流域DIC输出通量约4.57×1012g/a,汛期和6月洪水贡献分别达84%和40%.全流域DIC侵蚀通量约12.95 g/(m2·a),在世界各流域中居中上水平.     

Behavior of mercury in an urban river and its accumulation in aquatic plants

The characteristics of mercury in the aquatic environment have been intensively studied in mining areas with heavy mercury pollution but little work has been conducted in urban areas, with no significant Hg source. This paper presents a study of the Haihe River, which flows through an urban area in North China. The concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the river water were 3.6–31.2 and 0.12–3.21 ng/l, and the corresponding values in river sediment were 22.9–374.8 and 0.03–0.46 μg/kg. These values are lower than the reported values from mining areas. The THg concentration in sediment samples collected from the urban areas was higher than that from the rural areas and the global background levels, indicating the influence of urbanization on mercury contamination. Samples of typical riparian and floating plants, reed and hornwort, were collected. Correlation analysis showed that sediment is the major source of THg and MeHg in reed and water is the major source of MeHg in hornwort. The higher bioaccumulation factor of reed indicates its higher potential to accumulate MeHg from the environment.     

从丽江7.0级地震前的地壳形变探讨地震短临前兆特征

本文讨论了“拉疏隆起－压缩凹陷”－不稳定孕震体特性和形成机理,通过对丽江７．０级地震前滇西地区的地壳形变资料,进一步证实本区有强震发生及发震的地点;讨论了孕震体由“僵硬闭锁”到“不同步加速”,“分离反向”“不均匀掀斜”再度“停滞平衡”甚至“颤抖”等多态不稳变化,是地壳形变的短临地震前兆特征;     

青海省柴北缘成矿带区域成矿规律综述

柴北缘成矿带是青海省仅次于东昆仑成矿单元的矿产资源战略性勘查接续地,文章以2014年开展的“中国矿产地质志·青海卷”项目为依托,基于全国Ⅲ级成矿区带的划分,结合柴北缘地质构造演化与成矿特点分析,提出了柴北缘成矿带5个Ⅳ级成矿亚带和5个Ⅴ级成矿区的划定方案;重点概述了金、铅、锌、煤、石棉、石灰岩、硼等重要矿种的主要矿床类型及成矿特征,并总结了时空分布规律,认为柴北缘重要矿种主要属于岩浆作用矿床与沉积作用矿床,主要成矿期为早古生代和中生代,次为晚古生代和第四纪。同时,通过矿产地质志的编撰,从区域地质演化的角度探讨了构造对成矿的约束,认为不同的构造环境控制不同的矿床类型和不同矿种的矿床,其中,滩间山岩浆弧产出以岩浆热液型青龙沟式金矿床和海相火山岩型锡铁山式铅锌矿床为代表,而柴北缘蛇绿混杂带则产出与印支期中酸性侵入岩有关的接触交代型多金属矿为特点;另外提出了柴北缘金矿迥异于典型造山型金矿的新认识,厘清该地区金成矿作用的构造环境、成矿期次及华力西期酸性岩浆含矿性是今后的主要研究方向,并且从地球化学元素组合的角度研究发现,柴北缘地区金矿大多处于中浅剥蚀程度,深部空间找矿潜力较大。     

降水资料分析计算方法初探

在观测降水量时,使用自记雨量计可观测到各次降水的过程.但是,由于仪器老化和超期使用,经常涉及到虹吸故障.探讨了对于出现虹吸故障时资料的分析计算方法.     

采暖尾水回灌对砂岩热储地温场的影响 ——以鲁北地区为例

为保证地热资源可持续开发利用,深入开展回灌工程采灌井合理井距研究、防止短时间内发生热突破是地热领域的重大关切.本文根据全井段测温结果,对砂岩热储不同采灌工程地温场变化特征进行了分析.研究表明:随着回灌年度的增加,冷水范围越来越大,热量对回灌井有效补给路径变长,回灌井热储段温度曲线波动幅度越小;当采灌井距较小、底部温度相...     

平凉黄土高原地闪VHF辐射特征分析

利用亚微秒级时间分辨率的VHF辐射接收系统与快电场变化测量仪,对甘肃平凉黄土高原雷暴过程中地闪VHF辐射及相应电场变化特征进行了分析研究,发现负地闪回击前VHF辐射与快电场变化在时间上有很好的对应关系。回击前后300μs内的VHF辐射波形可以归纳为三种类型,90%的负地闪首次回击过程VHF辐射波形属于第三类,表现为连续脉冲贯穿回击过程,平均持续时间为600μs;同负地闪相比,正地闪回击过程产生的连续辐射持续时间较长。统计表明,负地闪首次回击过程辐射峰值出现在回击启动后10~100μs,算术平均值为45μs;继后回击启动后10~260μs辐射达到峰值,算术平均值为91μs。首次回击过程辐射峰值强度往往大于梯级先导过程,与回击主峰后主通道分支产生的电磁辐射较强有关。     

Lacustrine sedimentological and geochemical records for the last 170 years of climate and environmental changes in southeastern China

Reconstruction of modern climate and environmental changes in east Asia using inland natural climate archives can provide valuable insights on decadal–multidecadal climate and environmental patterns that are probably related to both natural and anthropogenic forcing. Here we investigated an 89‐cm‐long sediment core (TH1) from Tian Lake, southeastern China, for sedimentological, physical and geochemical parameters in order to understand climate and environmental changes for the latest two centuries. ¹³⁷Cs‐ and ²¹⁰Pb‐based age models show that the fine sand–coarse silt‐dominated core contains ~170 years (c. AD 1842–2011) of continuous sedimentation. Sediments with fine sands, low MS values, high water content, high TOC content and a high C:N ratio from c. AD 1842 to 1897 suggest intense hydrological conditions and strong runoff in the catchment, probably because of a humid climate. From AD 1897 to 1990, sediments with very fine sand and coarse silt, high MS values, low water content and unchanged TOC and C:N ratios indicate normal hydrological conditions and in‐lake algae‐derived organic matter. During this interval, the chemical weathering indicators show stronger weathering conditions compared with sediments deposited during AD 1842–1897, supporting the dominance of weathered surface soil input in the earlier interval and physical erosion dominance in the later period, respectively. Since AD 1990, the continuous decrease of geochemical proxies suggests human‐interacted Earth surface processes in the catchment of Tian Lake. A PCA revealed four dominant geochemical controlling factors – detrital input, trophic status, grain size and early diagenesis –, accounting for 26, 20, 18 and 16% of total variance, respectively. This study for the first time provides lacustrine geochemical evidence for the most recent two centuries of climate and environmental changes in coastal southeastern China, a region that is currently undergoing an inversion of critical zone, i.e. an overturning of its soil profile, owing to swift modernization.