Neoproterozoic alkaline intrusive complex in the northwestern Yangtze Block,Micang Mountains region,South China: petrogenesis and tectonic significance

Voluminous Neoproterozoic mafic–ultramafic, felsic, and alkaline intrusions are found in the northern Yangtze Block, South China. Here, we present whole-rock major and trace element, and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, together with zircon U–Pb ages, for syenite and gabbro samples from the Shuimo–Zhongziyuan alkaline intrusive complex in the Micang Mountains region at the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block. Zircon U–Pb dating yields crystallization ages for the Na- and K-rich Shuimo syenites of 869 ± 4 (MSWD = 0.85, 2σ) and 860 ± 5 Ma (MSWD = 0.47, 2σ), respectively, and for the Zhongziyuan gabbros of 753 ± 4 Ma (MSWD = 0.23, 2σ), indicating that the syenites and gabbros represent different stages of magmatism. The syenites include both Na- and K-rich types and have high values of the Rittman index (σ), and high SiO₂ and Na₂O + K₂O contents. These syenites are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE), but depleted in high-field-strength elements (HFSE), with high (La/Yb)_N values and small negative and positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.74–1.17). In contrast, the gabbros have lower SiO₂ and Na₂O + K₂O contents, are only slightly enriched in LREEs, are enriched in LILE but depleted in HFSEs, and have small negative and positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.86–1.37). The syenites have low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.703340) and ?_Nd(t) values (+1.9 to +7.7). The gabbros have relatively high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.703562–0.704933) and positive ?_Nd(t) values (+1.6 to +4.5). These data suggest that the syenites and gabbros are isotopically similar and were largely derived from melts of depleted mantle. The syenites underwent significant fractional crystallization and small amounts of crustal contamination during magma evolution. In contrast, the gabbros were formed by partial melting (>15%) of a garnet lherzolite source and might also have experienced crustal assimilation. Taking into account the geochemical signatures and magmatic events, we propose that the Shuimo syenites formed in an intra-arc rifting setting, however, the Zhongziyuan gabbros were most likely produced in a subduction-related, continental margin arc setting during the Neoproterozoic, thus suggesting that the alkaline intrusive complex were formed by the arc-related magmatism in the Micang Mountains.     

青海东昆仑督冷沟铜钻矿床控矿条件的探讨

督冷沟铜钻矿床位于近EW向东昆仑构造带东段，它形成于晚古生代岛弧环境，成矿地质作用非常复杂，绿泥绢云母千枚岩为主要赋矿地层，构造变形使矿质运移、富集。认为该矿床控矿条件为地球动力学环境、变质火山岩及构造变形综合控制。     

藏南拉萨地块东段米拉山地区中新世中酸性火山岩地球化学特征及成因研究

藏南拉萨地块内广泛发育中新世中酸性岩浆岩,为探讨其岩浆源区和岩石成因,进一步了解藏南后碰撞深部过程,本文对拉萨地块东部米拉山地区的中新世火山岩进行了岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究。结果表明,岩石类型主要为英安岩,形成于中新世(16~18 Ma);地球化学组成上表现出高硅、高钾、富铝;高Sr、低Y、高Sr/Y值,富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土,Eu正异常;具有高的⁸⁷Sri/⁸⁶Sri值(0.706038~0.707154)和低的ε_Nd(t)值(-1.37~-2.75),表现出一定埃达克质岩特征。结合前人研究成果认为,米拉山地区中新世中酸性火山岩不属于林子宗群,可能是岩石圈拆沉引起幔源物质上涌,导致后碰撞环境下增厚的拉萨地块新生下地壳部分熔融而形成。     

A reappraisal of the high-Ti and low-Ti classification of basalts and petrogenetic linkage between basalts and mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China

Based on published data, we reappraise the classification of high-Ti and low-Ti basalt from the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) and the correlations between basalts and mafic–ultramafic intrusions. Because of the lack of clear spatial and temporal variations of different types of basalts, we suggest that the basalts in the ELIP cannot be classified into high-Ti and low-Ti groups, by TiO₂ contents and/or Ti/Y ratios. The distinctive characteristics of these high-Ti and low-Ti lavas probably result largely from the different fractionating assemblages. Whether or not fractional crystallization of the Fe–Ti oxides occurred probably is the key factor that controls the Ti abundances and Ti/Y ratios in the residual melts, e.g., lavas, although the nature of the mantle sources, variable degrees of partial melting of mantle and crustal contamination also influence the geochemical signatures of the lavas. Therefore, neither Ti abundance nor Ti/Y ratios in basalts can reflect the nature of their mantle source. Moreover, the different types of mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the ELIP cannot simply be attributed to be genetically related special types of basalts, either high-Ti or low-Ti basalts. It is likely that they are merely the cumulus phases, i.e. chamber or conduit of the basaltic lavas. Hence, caution should be exercised in the use of high-Ti or low-Ti basalts as prospecting vectors for ore deposits in the region. Potential implications are proposed that both the Fe–V–Ti oxide and Cu–Ni–(PGE) sulfide mineralization in the ELIP intrusions is largely due to the variable differentiation and crustal contamination during magmatic processes.     

利用黏土矿物计算背景值评估沉积物重金属污染

综合考虑样品性质及粒度的影响,提出利用黏土矿物计算背景值的方法。实例研究表明,研究区沉积剖面不同深度样品的背景值存在一定的差异。将实测值与背景值之比视为富集因子,发现As、Cr、Cu在剖面的中下部弱富集;Pb在剖面中部弱富集;Zn与Cd在剖面的不同位置的富集程度变化较大,在中部显著富集,表层及底部中度富集。与传统方法相比,该方法综合考虑了粒度和样品性质的影响,并且可以计算出不同位置样品的背景值,使得评估结果更加准确。     

内蒙古额尔古纳地区比利亚谷大型铅锌银矿床稀土微量元素地球化学特征及成矿意义

比利亚谷铅锌银矿位于海拉尔-根河中生代火山盆地北西缘。该矿床赋存于上侏罗统满克头鄂博组酸性火山岩中,受NW向断裂构造控制,主矿体呈脉状产出。火山岩围岩及主要矿石矿物的微量稀土特征相似:具有富集Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,而亏损Sr、Nb、Ta等高场强元素的特点,表明其均产于板内构造环境。不同之处为:1矿石矿物的稀土微量元素总量明显小于火山岩围岩;2火山岩围岩呈现出明显的负Eu异常,而矿石矿物则具有强弱不等的正Eu异常。综合分析认为比利亚谷铅锌银矿为火山-次火山热液型矿床,其主要成矿作用与晚侏罗世-早白垩世(140Ma左右)火山活动有着密切联系,区域地质背景上对应于构造体制大转折的晚期,但是成矿期后矿体受到了120Ma大规模岩浆活动的影响,本期岩浆活动是区域岩石圈快速减薄引起,产生了一期深变质作用以及壳幔相互作用有关的深部流体活动,受其强烈改造,引起了矿石矿物微量稀土元素含量的改变。     

An Update of Conodonts in the Induan-Olenekian Boundary Strata at West Pingdingshan Section, Chaohu, Anhui Province

The Lower Triassic in Chaohu (巢湖) area, Anhui (安微) Province, China, is well developed and its sequence is typical in South China. After a brief introduction of the Induan-Olenekian boundary of Chaohu, this article presents some new data on conodonts. More than ten times of conodont samplings and investigations have recovered thousands of conodont specimens, which are especially rich in the Induan-Olenekian boundary strata at the West Pingdingshan Section in Chaohu City, Anhui Province. The most distinctive forms are the conodonts of the Neospathodus dieneri group and N. Waageni group. The first occurrence of N. Waageni eowaageni, which is regarded as the indicator of the Induan-Olenekian boundary, is situated at 40.49 m above the base of Yinkeng (殷坑) Formation. Some key conodonts and seven new specimens are introduced.     

街景图片识别城市贫困的适用性——基于广州市中心城区的验证

以广州市为例,选取中心4个区6 670个采样点（涵盖121个社区）的百度街景图片,从城市建成环境特征探讨了城市贫困识别的可能。首先,训练基于深度神经网络的街景图片分类模型后,对街景要素进行语义分割,并通过缓冲区分析统计社区尺度的街景指标;其次,经主成分分析法提取出建筑围合感、植被围合感、天空开阔感和道路开阔感4个街景主因子,并验证其与多重贫困指数（IMD）的相关性;最后,通过采用简单随机抽样法选取61个社区,构建街景预测的多元线性回归模型,对剩余60个社区进行贫困预测,验证街景指标测度城市贫困的度量精度。结果发现,案例社区的多重贫困指数（IMD）与建筑围合感呈正相关,与植被围合感、天空开阔感、道路开阔感呈负相关;从整体看来,街景预测结果与传统城市贫困测度的空间规律基本相符,而且结果通常比传统测度的城市贫困程度高。这是因为受测度内容、社区类型、街道属性等方面的影响,街景识别方式比较适用于判断建成环境较差的贫困社区。街景图片预测有利于刻画城市贫困人群真实的生活环境,便于对城市建成区进行及时监测,在一定程度上可以与传统城市贫困测度相互校正、弥补不足。     

Spatiotemporal variations of aridity index over the Belt and Road region under the 1.5°C and 2.0°C warming scenarios

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Aridity index reflects the exchanges of energy and water between the land surface and the atmosphere, and its variation can be used to forecast drought and flood...