Layer recognition and thickness evaluation of tunnel lining based on ground penetrating radar measurements

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a time-dependent geophysical technique for measuring the thickness of second lining, which is one of the most important tunnel quality targets. As the wave transmits from air (or the second lining) to the second lining (or the first lining), the Fresnel reflective coefficient is negative, i.e., the phase of reflective wave is reverse to the incident. In the one dimension time-waveform diagram (A-Scan) of GPR, the lining layers are located on the inflexions which are decided by Fresnel reflection coefficients and the attenuation coefficients of electromagnetic wave in the transmission medium. By towing the antenna over the tunnel surface, two dimension scanning data (B-Scan) is constituted by multiple A-Scan channels, where the grey scale is applied to the amplitude values. In the process of exploration, the lining interfaces are separately plotted by connecting each maximum peak point or second maximum peak point of A-Scan. In the Long Hai Tunnel, the artificial recognition provides 15 sampling values on the exploration line from D9 + 015.195 to D9 + 065.195. However, the automatic recognition can provide more information, such as average thicknesses, standard errors of lining thickness and the qualification rates of lining thickness, etc.     

脉冲星参数的取值对γ暴火球余辉的影响

用中心有脉冲星的γ射线暴的火球模型计算出GRB970228和GRB000301c两个γ射线暴的余辉辐射流，计算结果与观测结果相比较，符合的很好，解释了GRB970228和GRB000301c光学R波段余辉的光变曲线带‘拐折’的特征，讨论了中心脉冲星参数的取值对余辉的光曲线起的重要作用。     

辽宁兴城新立屯地区岩浆杂岩岩石学特征、侵位顺序及地质意义

辽宁兴城新立屯地区岩浆杂岩主要由4种不同的岩石单元组成,分别为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,中细粒石英闪长岩,花岗细晶岩和花岗伟晶岩,前两者分布广泛且为研究区的主要岩石单元,后两者则呈脉状侵入到前两者中。应用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,测得似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,中细粒石英闪长岩及花岗细晶岩的年龄分别为2 496±18 Ma,2 490±19 Ma,2 479±29 Ma,形成于古元古代早期。结合野外地质特征,侵位顺序由早到晚依次为:似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,中细粒石英闪长岩,花岗细晶岩,花岗伟晶岩。岩石地球化学特征显示,新立屯地区岩浆杂岩主量元素方面具高硅(SiO2=61.38%~74.99%),富碱(Na2O+K2O=6.86%~9.41%),富Mg#(56~70)特征;A/CNK=0.91~1.18,属准铝质-过铝质岩石;微量元素方面,相对富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,具有Eu异常(δEu=0.50~0.96);富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素;锆石Lu-Hf同位素特征εHf(t)值为-1.12~+6.13;TDM2(Hf)介于2 594~2 937 Ma,显示该套岩浆杂岩可能为地幔物质加入新生地壳再造的产物。     

Thermal evolution of rotating hybrid stars

As a neutron star spins down, the nuclear matter is continuously converted into quark matter due to the core density increase, and then latent heat is released. We have investigated the thermal evolution of neutron stars undergoing such deconfinement phase transition. We have taken into account the conversion in the frame of the general theory of relativity. The released energy has been estimated as a function of changed rate of deconfinement baryon number. The numerical solutions to the cooling equation are seen to be very different from those without the heating effect. The results show that neutron stars may be heated to higher temperatures which is well matched with pulsar's data despite the onset of fast cooling in neutron stars with quark matter cores. It is also found that the heating effect has a magnetic field strength dependence. This feature could be particularly interesting for high temperatures of low-field millisecond pulsars at a later stage. The high temperature could fit the observed temperature for PSR J0437−4715.     

DTP下超大幅面地图生产的若干问题探讨--以<北极地区图>的编制为例

通过<北极地区图>的设计与生产,探讨了DTP下超大幅面地图生产的一些技术难点.主要有:地图图像数据的获取,与数学基础的配准,大量地图数据的有效组织以及超大幅面地图的印前处理等.     

Study on a computing technique suitable for true 3d modeling of complex geologic bodies

True 3D solid modeling of complex geologic bodies still face many difficulties. In this paper, a new technique of true 3D solid modeling is addressed, which incorporates the application of 2D&3D interactive aided section technology to revise scatter point aggregates, the means of two-body 3D data structure (improved B-rep 3D solid data structure) to organize data and the usage of vector shear technology for modeling. Based on such techniques, a true 3D solid model of a large hydropower engineering project in southern China was built to serve as intuitive platform for engineering survey, design, and construction. In the light of its wide application to many projects, it can be considered as a reasonable and effective method for 3D modeling of complex geologic bodies.     

Crack Initiation, Propagation and Coalescence in Rock-Like Material Containing Two Flaws: a Numerical Study Based on Bonded-Particle Model Approach

Cracking and coalescence behavior in a rectangular rock-like specimen containing two parallel (stepped and coplanar) pre-existing open flaws under uniaxial compression load has been numerically studied by a parallel bonded-particle model, which is a type of bonded-particle model. Crack initiation and propagation from two flaws replicate most of the phenomena observed in prior physical experiments, such as the type (tensile/shear) and the initiation stress of the first crack, as well as the coalescence pattern. Eight crack coalescence categories representing different crack types and trajectories are identified. New coalescence categories namely “New 1” and “New 2”, which are first observed in the present simulation, are incorporated into categories 3 and 4, and category 5 previously proposed by the MIT Rock Mechanics Research Group, respectively. The flaw inclination angle (β), the ligament length (L) (spacing between two flaws) and the bridging angle (α) (inclination of a line linking up the inner flaw tips, between two flaws) have different effects on the coalescence patterns, coalescence stresses (before, at or post the peak stress) as well as peak strength of specimens. Some insights on the coalescence processes, such as the initiation of cracks in the intact part of specimens at a distance away from the flaw tips, and coalescence due to the development and linkage of a number of steeply inclined to vertical macro-tensile cracks are revealed by the present numerical study.     

菲律宾蛤仔脂多糖诱导的肿瘤坏死因子α VpLITAF基因克隆及其对微生物侵染的应答研究

脂多糖诱导的肿瘤坏死因子α(LITAF)是一种重要的转录因子,在调节LPS诱导炎症因子TNF-α的表达过程中发挥重要作用。采用表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags,ESTs)结合cDNA末端快速克隆技术(rapid amplification of cDNA Ends,RACE),获得了菲律宾蛤仔LITAF基因cDNA全长(VpLITAF),并利用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究VpLITAF的组织分布以及鳗弧菌、藤黄微球菌刺激下的时序表达特征。VpLITAF基因序列包含393bp的开放阅读框,编码130个氨基酸,预测分子量为14.39kD,理论等电点7.47。序列分析表明,VpLITAF具有高度保守的LITAF结构域,与其它贝类LITAF具有高度同源性,并在系统进化树中与海洋软体动物LITAF聚为一簇。VpLITAF基因主要表达于蛤仔肝胰腺,肌肉中的表达量则相对较低。鳗弧菌和藤黄微球菌刺激在某些时段可显著诱导VpLITAF基因的表达水平,最高可达对照组表达量的3.5倍,且鳗弧菌对VpLITAF基因表达的诱导作用明显强于藤黄微球菌。以上结果表明,VpLITAF在菲律宾蛤仔的固有免疫反应中发挥着重要作用。