长输管道抗震研究的新进展

本文主要从以下4个方面:地震对长输管道的危害、长输管道震害的研究方法、管道抗震分析和管道抗震的措施,介绍了近几年长输管道抗震方面的研究进展,指出了今后长输管道的研究方向。     

渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷潜山油藏分布规律及控制因素

济阳坳陷潜山油藏类型复杂,构造裂缝是油藏的主要储集空间。济阳坳陷潜山储层的分布主要受控于盆地的形成过程,构造运动是控制潜山分布的最主要的因素。潜山储层非均质性强,且不同潜山的储层性质存在较大差异。济阳坳陷潜山油藏的开发特征复杂,稳产阶段短、产能差异大、含水上升快。中生代及以前形成的古地貌早隆潜山是济阳坳陷最有利的潜山油藏勘探目标。      

低级序复杂断块构造应力场定量模型与油气分布

在对现河低级序帚状断块构造体系研究的基础上,建立了沙一、东营及现今3期构造应力场定量模型,研究了构造应力场特征及其与油气分布的关系。研究表明,不同地质时期应力强度不同,应力的方向和大小都有变化,认为应力值由老到新呈增大趋势。最大水平主应力在平面上自帚状构造的撒开端向收敛端逐渐变低,在剖面上随深度增加而增加,断裂带是应力低值区,也是油气富集区。提出应力转换带为应力低值区,也是低幅断鼻构造的有利分布区,还是开发中后期复杂断块油藏剩余油富集区。      

多桩段工程边坡3维建模方法研究

使用多桩段边坡的角点数据插值生成边坡场景的地形数据,运用OpenGL的自动化技术实现了多桩段边坡的3维建模。使用分块纹理映射的方法,克服了OpenGL渲染机对影像纹理大小的限制。应用低分辨率纹理映射和选择边坡增强纹理分辨率的映射的方法实现了场景的快速建立和漫游,解决了对多桩段边坡的大场景渲染效率与分析时需要的视觉效果的冲突问题。研究成果能够被用于实际工程中,为边坡的辅助设计提供了支持。     

陈国达的科学哲学思想与理论自主创新

对我国著名地质学家陈国达院士的科学哲学思想作了探讨,其主要内容有:历史动力法是复杂性哲学思想与地质科学思想相结合的产物;递进思想是辩证否定观在大地构造理论发展中的胜利;地洼学说的理论结构与发展纲领是与拉卡托斯科学哲学思想不谋而合的。研究陈国达科学哲学思想对指导科学研究无疑具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。     

基于红色通道注意力机制的水下图像增强

水下图像增强因其在海洋勘测和水下机器人中的重要意义而备受关注。在过去的几年中,已经提出了许多水下图像增强算法。已有的深度学习方法由于忽略水下图像的预处理过程和对红色通道信息的增强或者弱化了这个过程,导致增强结果并不显著,其往往只适应特定的场景,缺乏泛化能力。为此,基于卷积神经网络建立了一种全新的水下图像增强算法,为了充分利用特征图的通道信息,在相同维度的特征图之间采用不同尺寸的卷积核获取更多通道数目的特征。然后,基于红色通道构建了注意力机制,以加强对于图像中容易丢失信息的红色通道的特征提取。最后,在EUVP,UFO120数据集做了消融实验,证明了红色通道注意力机制的有效性。通过对对比实验的增强结果进行各项指标分析,证明增强结果有着更高的结构相似性和峰值信噪比,并且在无参考指标方面有着更高的颜色平衡、清晰度以及对比度,综合性能优于以往的方法。     

平端深海偏顶蛤(Gigantidas platifrons)实验室蓄养过程鳃部含菌上皮细胞超微结构动态变化研究

平端深海偏顶蛤(Gigantidasplatifrons)是南海台西南冷泉区的典型优势物种,鳃丝上皮细胞内共生大量甲烷氧化菌,通过甲烷有氧氧化合成有机物为共生体系提供物质能量,是平端深海偏顶蛤赖以生存的重要能量来源器官,溶酶体在共生体系的营养互作和稳态维持中可能发挥重要作用,本研究使用电镜技术观测了常压培养过程中(0d,30d,90d)平端深海偏顶蛤共生体系中共生菌和溶酶体的动态变化,通过鳃上皮含菌细胞超显微结构的变化研究常压培养对深海共生体系的影响,并探讨溶酶体在宿主—共生菌营养传递和共生菌群稳态维持中的关键作用。研究发现,在原位状态样品中(0d)共生菌和溶酶体呈极化分布,细胞结构完整清晰;蓄养30d后,含菌细胞出现明显破碎,共生菌数量大幅降低,溶酶体数量、范围和消化程度大幅增加,对细胞顶端的甲烷氧化菌进行分解;而90d后,共生菌在溶酶体的作用下消失殆尽,鳃部有明显细胞脱落后留下的坑洞,细胞呈现空泡状,无法明确区分各种细胞组分。上述结果展示了长期常压蓄养过程中鳃上皮含菌细胞中溶酶体与甲烷氧化菌的动态变化,推测当共生菌丢失后溶酶体也同步降低活跃度,平端深海偏顶蛤在共生互作中通过溶酶体主导消化和调控共生菌。     

獐子岛养殖区夏季底层水温快速变化的机理分析

Rapid changes in the near-bottom water temperature are important environmental factors that can significantly affect the growth and development of species in the bottom culture. The object of this research is to investigate the mechanism causing these rapid changes within a bottom culture area near the Zhangzi Island. The hydrographic transects observations in the North Yellow Sea(NYS) suggest that our mooring station is very close to the tidal mixing front. The horizontal advection of the tidal front has induced the observed tidal change of bottom temperature at the mooring station. Analysis of the mooring near-bottom temperature and current measurements show that the angle between the tidal current horizontal advection and the swing of the tidal front is crucial in determining the variation trend of temperature. When the angle equals 90°, the horizontal tidal current advects along the isotherms so the temperature remains the same. When the angle is between 0° and 90°, the seawater moves from deep water to the warmer coastal zone and the temperature decreases. In contrast, the horizontal tidal advection moves the coastal warm water to the mooring station and the water temperature increases when the angle is between 90° and 180°. The amplitude of the temperature change is proportional to the magnitude of the horizontal temperature gradient and the tidal excursion in the direction of the temperature gradient. This study may facilitate the choice of culture area in order to have a good aquaculture production.     

Feeding intensity and molecular prey identification of the mantis shrimp,Oratosquilla oratoria (De Haan, 1844), in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay

Bohai Bay, a representative semi-enclosed bay of China, has been severely impacted in recent decades by rapid human development. Although the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria plays an important role in the Bohai Bay ecosystem and fishery, its feeding ecology and the impact of habitat changes on its feeding habits are poorly known. In this study, we sought to identify its feeding strategy through the separation of stomach contents, and to describe its trophic ecology during maturation in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay by the DNA barcoding method using a fragment (about 690 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (CO I) gene. A total of 594 specimens were collected from March to July 2018, and 347 (58.42%) stomachs were found to have food remains. More than half of the O. oratoria individuals had poor feeding activity, and the degree of feeding of females was higher than that of males, but there was no significant difference in the visual fullness index and the fullness weight index (FWI) between sexes for each month. In addition, the feeding activity of O. oratoria was consistent across the months, suggesting in artificial breeding programs it is not worried too much about the accessional diet supplied to the female bloodstocks except maintaining their normal food. A total of 167 retrieved prey items yielded 187 readable sequences; 86.63% of these sequences could be assigned to the species level. Consequently, 25 different prey taxa covering all readable sequences were identified, showing O. oratoria is a generalist predator. In terms of percent composition by frequency of occurrences (%N), crustaceans and fishes accounted for the same and highest percentage (35.83%) in the mantis shrimp diet, followed by mollusks (24.59%) and the remaining marine organisms (3.73%) including Polychaeta (2.67%), Sagittoidea (0.53%), and Chromadorea (0.53%). The result shows the benthic fish Oxudercidae (family) appears to be an especially important food supply for O. oratoria during maturation. The degree of cannibalism decreased with an increase in diet species and the frequencies of cannibalism in this study was noticeably higher than that in previous studies, suggesting that cannibalism may be a significant feeding strategy in the mantis shrimp O. oratoria in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay, and because of the frequently cannibalistic behavior, the high stocking density of broodstocks should be avoided.     

Influence Analysis and Vibration Restraint Solutions Research on the Underwater Acoustic Monitoring System

China Ocean Engineering - In order to reduce the hydrodynamic and structural influences on the detection accuracy especially in the very-low-frequency range, some vibration restraint methods are...