振冲碎石桩在加固砂性土地基中的应用

本文介绍在杭州市钱江水厂一期工程中,采用振冲碎石桩加固处理砂性土地基,既提高了地基的抗液化能力,又提高了复合地基承载力,取得了良好的效果,并在该水厂建设的后续工程中得到推广应用。     

GPS测站位移速率的解算方法

对目前4种常用的利用GPS复测资料解算测站位移速率的方法进行了分析，通过实例对比了4种方法的结果。坐标法可以直接利用多期复测结果得到测站大地坐标，但要求坐标在同一参考框架内，并采用相同的参考椭球；基线方法可以消除或削弱观测系统的系统误差，与参考框架无直接关系，但在平差计算时至少要引入1个起算点，起算点高程方向的误差会削弱其他点平面坐标的精度，并进而影响位移速率的精度；在选定不同基准解算位移速率时相似变换方法是十分有效的，但如果复测结果不在同一参考框架中，其结果存在框架不一致所带来的误差；QOCA方法能够综合利用多种观测数据，可以把区域观测数据和全球观测数据稳健地结合起来，在削弱观测期间突变因素的影响方面比其他方法具有便利之处。     

规范档案管理为地勘经济发展服务

档案管理工作是基础管理工作的重要组成部分。档案管理的科学、规范与否,体现了单位管理工作的水平。同时,对于提高管理效能具有十分重要的意义。近年来,山东省地矿工程勘察院在上级主管机关的正确领导下不断强化档案管理工作,严格档案管理程序,逐步使档案管理工作走上了规范化、科学化、制度化的管理轨道。     

China's Urbanization in 1949–2015: Processes and Driving Forces

The pace and scale of China's contemporary urbanization are stunning. This paper reviews process and the underlying driving forces of China's urbanization between 1949–2015. Contemporary China's urbanization has experienced four stages, and each has had different driving forces: 1) economic re-construction and industrialization-led urbanization(1949–1977); 2) economic reform and market-led urbanization(1978–1995); 3) economic globalization and the global-local urbanization(1996–2010); and 4) the land-economyled urbanization(2010–). These urbanization processes and driving forces will undoubtedly provide scientific reference and have significant implications for developing countries, especially African countries, to formulate their urbanization public policies.     

试论我省覆盖区区域地球化学调查

本文主要论述了覆盖区进行125万多目标区域地球化学调查的特点及其基本工作方法技术,并从我省覆盖区区域地球化学调查工作的现状出发,提出下步工作的设想.     

Improvement of glacial lakes detection under shadow environment using ASTER data in Himalayas, Nepal

The detection of glacial lake change in the Himalayas, Nepal is extremely significant since the glacial lake change is one of the crucial indicators of global climate change in this area, where is the most sensitive area of the global climate changes. In the Himalayas, some of glacial lakes are covered by the dark mountains′ shadow because of their location. Therefore, these lakes can not be detected by conventional method such as Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), because the reflectance feature of shadowed glacial lake is different comparing to the ones which are located in the open flat area. The shadow causes two major problems: 1) glacial lakes which are covered by shadow completely result in underestimation of the number of glacial lakes; 2) glacial lakes which are partly identified are considered to undervalue the area of glacial lakes. The aim of this study is to develop a new model, named Detection of Shadowed Glacial Lakes (DSGL) model, to identify glacial lakes under the shadow environment by using Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data in the Himalayas, Nepal. The DSGL model is based on integration of two different modifications of NDWI, namely NDWIs model and NDWI she model. NDWIs is defined as integration of the NDWI and slope analysis and used for detecting non-shadowed lake in the mountain area. The NDWIshe is proposed as a new methodology to overcome the weakness of NDWIs on identifying shadowed lakes in highly elevated mountainous area such as the Himalayas. The first step of the NDWIshe is to enhance the data from ASTER 1B using the histogram equalization (HE) method, and its outcome product is named ASTER he . We used the ASTER he for calculating the NDWI he and the NDWIshe . Integrated with terrain analysis using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, the NDWI she can be used to identify the shadowed glacial lakes in the Himalayas. NDWIs value of 0.41 is used to identify the glacier lake (NDWIs≥0.41), and 0.3 of NDWIshe is used to identify the shadowed glacier lake (NDWIshe≤0.3). The DSGL model was proved to be able to classify the glacial lakes more accurately, while the NDWI model had tendency to underestimate the presence of actual glacial lakes. Correct classification rate regarding the products from NDWI model and DSGL model were 57% and 99%, respectively. The results of this paper demonstrated that the DSGL model is promising to detect glacial lakes in the shadowed environment at high mountains.     

Abyssal Circulation in the Philippine Sea

The abyssal circulation in the Philippine Sea(PS)is investigated,with outputs from the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation version 2.2.4(SODA224).The deep-water currents in SODA224 are carefully evaluated,with sparse in situ observations in the North Pacific Ocean.In the upper deep layer(20003000 m)of the PS,a strong westward current,which originates from the Northeast Pacific Basin and enters the PS through the Yap-Mariana Junction,exists along 1114 N.This strong westward current bifurcates into two western boundary currents off the Philippines.The northward-flowing current flows out of the PS around 2021 N,whereas the southward-flowing current transports deep water from the northern hemisphere to the southern hemisphere.In the lower deep layer(30004500 m),the inflow water first flows northward to the east of the Western Mariana Basin and then turns westward at approximately 18 N.The inflow water mainly enters the Philippine Basin(PB),with a small part turning southward to constitute a weak cyclonic circulation.The water entering the PB mainly merges into a strong southward western boundary current in the south-ern PB.In the bottom layer(below 4500 m),both the northeast and northwest PB show single cyclonic gyres,whereas the south PB shows a single anticyclonic gyre.Moreover,comparisons with the observations indicate the possible existence of a cyclonic sense of circulation over the Philippine Trench.The current study provides the implications for future observations,which are needed to fur-ther investigate the temporospatial variations of the abyssal circulation in the PS on multiple scales.     

Effect of source water quality on arsenic (V) removal from drinking water by coagulation/microfiltration

The effect of the source water quality on As(V) removal by coagulation/microfiltration (C/MF) was investigated systematically using a jar test and a lab-scale test; the results of the lab-scale test coincide with those of the jar test. It showed that the increase of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), HPO₄ ²⁻ and HCO₃ ⁻ concentrations would moderately decrease As(V) removal, and the residual As(V) concentration in treated water is no more than 10 μg L⁻¹ when the concentration of DOC, HPO₄ ²⁻ and HCO₃ ⁻ in raw water is not beyond 9.22 mg L⁻¹, 1.6 mg L⁻¹ and 300 mg L⁻¹, respectively. Other co-ions, such as Cl⁻, NO₃ ⁻, F⁻, SO₄ ²⁻, and counter-ions including K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, have little effect on As(V) removal. Both results of the jar test and the lab-scale test demonstrate that Fe³⁺ dose of 6 mg L⁻¹ is enough to eliminate the influence of HCO₃ ⁻ whose concentration changes from 350 mg L⁻¹ to 450 mg L⁻¹. In the lab-scale test, As(V) removal ranged from 92.8 to 98.2% at Fe³⁺ dose of 4 mg L⁻¹ and 5 mg L⁻¹ when As(V) concentration in raw water was about 100 μg L⁻¹. The results obtained in this study suggest that As(V) removal by C/MF process is sensitive to the quality of raw water, and a jar test needs to be done before C/MF process is used for arsenic removal from drinking water.     

虚拟地理环境中时态信息可视化表达方法研究

介绍虚拟地理环境的基本含义，虚拟现实和可视化技术，探讨了线、面地理对象的时态信息表达方法。在此基础上，以近、现代黄河三角洲为例，给出了在虚拟地理环境中三角洲海岸线的变迁和三角洲地形地貌动态显示的方法。     

山东半岛城市群主要城市辐射能力研究

山东半岛城市群是山东省城镇最密集、生产力最活跃的区域,其作为山东经济发展的龙脊对周围城市的发展具有强劲的辐射带动作用。通过对山东半岛城市群主要城市的城市流强度与结构分析,从城市流视角探讨了半岛城市群对外服务功能空间分布特征。在此基础上利用威尔逊模型计算得到了主要城市的辐射影响区域,提出了提升城市辐射力及优化城市群发展的对策建议。