东北松嫩平原生态系统服务价值损失的的估算

1IntroductionEcosystems around the globe create and maintain an environment suitable for the continuation of human life. Ecosystems supply goods such as timber, pharmaceuticals, and seafood, and so provide services including purification of air and water,…     

依据海洋法对海警涉外案件管辖的分析

依据海洋法确定的管辖海域对沿海国的管理有着法律意义.海警在我国管辖海域内执法,尤其是处理涉外案件,不仅要依照国内法律、法规、规章,而且必然受到海洋法的影响.     

黑河上游生态建设的模式与效益

在黑河上游实施的以牛羊育肥、退化草原的植被恢复、人工草地建设为主要内容的生态建设, 通过技术集成和试验示范, 效果显著。混播一年生草地平均产干草9.6t·hm², 每公顷约可为400只羊提供冬春季节补饲用草, 补饲措施可降低牲畜越冬死亡率50%以上, 提高仔畜成活率10%; 围栏封育增加草地水源涵养功能, 可使土壤含水量提高20%左右。绵羊育肥可使示范区农牧民人均增加收入300元。农业结构已经呈现明显的"山地河谷绿洲"一体化发展的系统耦合新结构, 系统耦合的效应对植被的保护起到了很好的作用。     

吉林省耕地变化对粮食生产的影响

1IntroductionThe quantity and quality of cropland guarantees the grain production (Feng, 2000), and the essence of cropland security is food security. Cropland security means the stability of total quantity of cropland, which also means stable quality, potential productivity and regional balance (Feng, 2000). With the development of urbanization and industrialization, more and more cropland is encroached, especially the cropland with great market-value (Cai, 2000; Ge, 2002; Richard, 2002), w…     

基于朴素贝叶斯的判别频率估计算法在油水层识别中的应用

贝叶斯网络分类器,已经广泛应用于各种分类问题。对于固定的贝叶斯网络结构,可以通过生成参数和判别参数2种方法进行学习。生成参数学习效率较高但是分类精度较低,而判别参数学习与之相反。通过对数据集中参数出现频率计算来进行参数学习,并加入一个判别参数来加强实例属性与分类目标值之间的关联性,在此基础上提出了一种简单、快速、有效的判别频率估计(DFE)算法。实验结果表明:在油水层模式识别当中,这种判别频率估计方法相对于其他算法在分类精度上能够提高5%～10%。     

页岩孔隙研究新进展

随着非常规油气勘探的兴起页岩孔隙研究备受重视,如何研究页岩孔隙已经成为非常规油气首要解决的问题之一,其对页岩油气勘探层位选取、资源潜力评价和油气渗流能力计算具有重要意义。对页岩微—纳米孔隙表征技术、页岩孔隙类别的划分以及页岩孔隙演化规律分别进行了综述并指出存在问题,同时结合最新研究进展对页岩孔隙研究进行展望。提出工业CT—微米CT—纳米CT/FIB系列辐射扫描方法和压汞(MICP)—氮气吸附(N2)—二氧化碳吸附(CO2)流体法是孔隙定量表征的最优方法,通过单井孔隙度测井资料与实验室测定结果建立校正图版指导储层孔隙发育段优选;页岩孔隙分类研究还应该考虑含油气性,利用原子力显微镜等工具加强孔隙含油性研究;孔隙演化规律研究应该采用模拟实验和真实剖面样品对比并结合矿物组成分析等寻找主控因素。     

Stardust-NExT,Deep Impact,and the accelerating spin of 9P/Tempel 1

The evolution of the spin rate of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 through two perihelion passages (in 2000 and 2005) is determined from 1922 Earth-based observations taken over a period of 13 year as part of a World-Wide observing campaign and from 2888 observations taken over a period of 50 days from the Deep Impact spacecraft. We determine the following sidereal spin rates (periods): 209.023 ± 0.025°/dy (41.335 ± 0.005 h) prior to the 2000 perihelion passage, 210.448 ± 0.016°/dy (41.055 ± 0.003 h) for the interval between the 2000 and 2005 perihelion passages, 211.856 ± 0.030°/dy (40.783 ± 0.006 h) from Deep Impact photometry just prior to the 2005 perihelion passage, and 211.625 ± 0.012°/dy (40.827 ± 0.002 h) in the interval 2006–2010 following the 2005 perihelion passage. The period decreased by 16.8 ± 0.3 min during the 2000 passage and by 13.7 ± 0.2 min during the 2005 passage suggesting a secular decrease in the net torque. The change in spin rate is asymmetric with respect to perihelion with the maximum net torque being applied on approach to perihelion. The Deep Impact data alone show that the spin rate was increasing at a rate of 0.024 ± 0.003°/dy/dy at JD2453530.60510 (i.e., 25.134 dy before impact), which provides independent confirmation of the change seen in the Earth-based observations.The rotational phase of the nucleus at times before and after each perihelion and at the Deep Impact encounter is estimated based on the Thomas et al. (Thomas et al. [2007]. Icarus 187, 4–15) pole and longitude system. The possibility of a 180° error in the rotational phase is assessed and found to be significant. Analytical and physical modeling of the behavior of the spin rate through of each perihelion is presented and used as a basis to predict the rotational state of the nucleus at the time of the nominal (i.e., prior to February 2010) Stardust-NExT encounter on 2011 February 14 at 20:42.We find that a net torque in the range of 0.3–2.5 × 10⁷ kg m² s^?2 acts on the nucleus during perihelion passage. The spin rate initially slows down on approach to perihelion and then passes through a minimum. It then accelerates rapidly as it passes through perihelion eventually reaching a maximum post-perihelion. It then decreases to a stable value as the nucleus moves away from the Sun. We find that the pole direction is unlikely to precess by more than ～1° per perihelion passage. The trend of the period with time and the fact that the modeled peak torque occurs before perihelion are in agreement with published accounts of trends in water production rate and suggests that widespread H₂O out-gassing from the surface is largely responsible for the observed spin-up.     

离子束抛光工艺中驻留时间的分步消去算法

在离子束抛光工艺中,驻留时间的求解是很关键的。求解驻留时间是利用离子束加工函数和驻留时间的卷积等于镜面去除量的关系,而离子束抛光的过程就是一个执行解卷积的过程。受此启发,采用一种分步消去算法解矩阵的卷积运算。这种新算法占用计算机资源少,运算速度快,同时可以根据预先设定的加工精度算得满足要求的驻留时间函数。对这种新算法进行仿真分析,采用3种不同的消去顺序分步加工,得到了理想的仿真结果,PV值由抛光前的363.721 nm分别减小到6.136 nm、33.347 nm、3.875 nm,抛光后的镜面精度提高了很多。