不同气候背景下南疆暖季暴雨特征和差异

利用1961—2020年5—9月(暖季)南疆44个国家气象站逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research)再分析资料,分析不同年代际和气候背景(暖干期和暖湿期)下南疆暖季暴雨的时空变化特征及大尺度环流异常特征。结果表明：1961年以来南疆暖季累计暴雨日数、暴雨站次和暴雨雨量均呈增加趋势,暴雨强度和暴雨雨量占总降水量比例的变化趋势不明显。南疆暖季累计暴雨日数、暴雨站次和暴雨雨量在暖湿期明显多于暖干期,暴雨强度和暴雨雨量占总降水量的比例在暖干期及暖湿期的差异不大。进入暖湿期后,南疆大部分站点的暴雨日数和暴雨雨量都有所增加,且西南部站点增加最明显,但山区的增加幅度小于平原。中亚低槽、中亚低涡和塔里木东风低空急流是造成南疆暖季暴雨的主要影响系统,南疆暖季暴雨在暖干期以低涡型为主,暖湿期以低槽型为主;850 hPa偏东气流在低涡型暴雨中比低槽型暴雨西伸更加明显,在暖湿期与暖干期环流差值场中,低槽型暴雨和低涡型暴雨中高纬地区的环流异常呈现...     

Impacts of Aerosol-Radiation Interactions on the Wintertime Particulate Pollution under Different Synoptic Patterns in the Guanzhong Basin,China

The effects of aerosol–radiation interactions(ARI) are not only important for regional and global climate, but they can also drive particulate matter(PM) pollution. In this study, the ARI contribution to the near-surface fine PM(PM2.5)concentrations in the Guanzhong Basin(GZB) is evaluated under four unfavorable synoptic patterns, including "northlow", "transition", "southeast-trough", and "inland-high", based on WRF-Chem model simulations of a persistent heavy PM pollution episode in January 2019. Simulations show that ARI consistently decreases both solar radiation reaching down to the surface(SWDOWN) and surface temperature(TSFC), which then reduces wind speed, induces sinking motion,and influences cloud formation in the GZB. However, large differences under the four synoptic patterns still exist. The average reductions of SWDOWN and daytime TSFC in the GZB range from 15.2% and 1.04°C in the case of the"transition" pattern to 26.7% and 1.69°C in the case of the "north-low" pattern, respectively. Furthermore, ARI suppresses the development of the planetary boundary layer(PBL), with the decrease of PBL height(PBLH) varying from 18.7% in the case of the "transition" pattern to 32.0% in the case of the "north-low" pattern. The increase of daytime near-surface PM2.5 in the GZB due to ARI is 12.0%, 8.1%, 9.5%, and 9.7% under the four synoptic patterns, respectively. Ensemble analyses also reveal that when near-surface PM2.5 concentrations are low, ARI tends to lower PM2.5 concentrations with decreased PBLH, which is caused by enhanced divergence or a transition from divergence to convergence in an area. ARI contributes 15%–25% toward the near-surface PM2.5 concentrations during the severe PM pollution period under the four synoptic patterns.     

A multiscale finite element formulation for axisymmetric elastoplasticity with volumetric locking

Similar to plane strain, axisymmetric stress problem is also highly kinematics constrained. Standard displacement‐based finite element exhibits volumetric locking issue in simulating nearly/fully incompressible material or isochoric plasticity under axisymmetric loading conditions, which severely underestimates the deformation and overestimates the bearing capacity for structural/geotechnical engineering problems. The aim of this paper is to apply variational multiscale method to produce a stabilized mixed displacement–pressure formulation, which can effectively alleviate the volumetric locking issue for axisymmetric stress problem. Both nearly incompressible elasticity and isochoric J₂ elastoplasticity are investigated. First‐order 3‐node triangular and 4‐node quadrilateral elements are tested for locking issues. Several representative simulations are provided to demonstrate the performance of the linear elements, which include the convergence study and comparison with closed‐form solutions. A comparative study with pressure Laplacian stabilized formulation is also presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic analysis of a cylindrical casing–cement structure in a poroelastic stratum

The transient response of a cylindrical casing–cement structure in a poroelastic stratum under dynamic radial tractions is one of the significant issues during the analysis of downhole operations and the selection of safe material. Based on the Biot theory and general elastic mechanics, this paper gives a set of exact solutions for radial displacement, stresses for the casing–cement system and the pore pressure of the infinite surrounding poroelastic stratum in the Laplace transform space. Solutions are presented for three different types of transient radial loadings acting on the surface of casing, i.e., suddenly applied constant load, gradually applied step load and triangular pulse load. Time domain solutions are obtained using a reliable numerical method of inverse Laplace transforms. A detailed parametric study about the transient response is presented both at the casing–cement interface and the cement–stratum interface, and the distributions of the pore pressure and the effective stresses in the stratum are also examined. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evolution and REE geochemistry of Huangsha-Tieshanlong ore-bearing granite

Our studies show that the granite bodies (γ ₅ ^{2 − 1} and γ ₅ ³ ) which constitute the Huangsha-Tieshanlong composite granitic intrusion in Jiangxi are characterized by their similarities in mineral assemblage, petrochemistry, trace element and REE distribution pattern. The values of ΣREE, ΣLREE, ΣHREE, ΣCe/ΣY, δEu and La/Yb apparently decrease from γ ₅ ^{2 − 1a} to γ ₅ ^{2 − 1b} , γ ₅ ³ and γ ₅ ³ . It is shown that the early Yenshanian W(Ta, Nb)-bearing granite (γ ₅ ^{2 − 1} ) and late Yenshanian Ta, Nb-bearing granite (γ ₅ ³ ) may have been derived from the differentiation and evolution of granitic magmas due to repeated remelting of the crust and their earlier and later intrusion. Although the earlier (γ ₅ ^{2 − 1b} and later (γ ₅ ³ ) albitized Ta, Nb-bearing granites show some obvious differences in REE content, their δEu values and La/Yb ratios are similar to each other. Therefore, it may be concluded that the early and late Ta, Nb-bearing granites were derived from a congenetic magma.     

岩浆包裹体化学成分研究

岩浆包裹体化学成分研究难度较大,为了获得可信的数据,应当注意:1.非演化型岩浆包裹体的化学成分可以代表其初始成分。演化型岩浆包裹体应先均一、淬火后再行测定。2.均一演化型岩浆包裹体应严格遵守加热规则,否则过热作用会使包裹体壁部分熔化,造成淬火后所测包裹体成分与其真正的初始成分并不相当。3.实测资料证明,“边界层效应”对于岩浆包裹体化学成分影响微不足道。4.岩浆包裹体的化学成分只能代表其主矿物结晶时周围岩浆的成分,即仅相当于岩浆液相线上的一个点。5。把显微冷热台测温、激光喇曼探针和电子探针分析技术结合使用,对查明单个包裹体中挥发组分的性状和浓度具有很大的潜力和前途。     

关系逻辑与地震预报（三）

继文献1、2讨论了中长期和中短期地震预报问题之后,本文进一步运用关系逻辑探讨短临地震预报问题。基本方法是根据相交关系因子μ值识别地震活动变化型式的逐时活动状态。文中,给出了计算μ值的基本公式和各种二元逻辑关系的μ值,介绍了计算μ值的两种常用方法和在短临地震预报中的具体应用,最后,对有关四个问题作了说明。     

苏、浙、皖地区沉积-大地构造演化

中国南部近东西延伸的扬子板块形成于距今800Ma 前。自震旦纪开始,在其东缘苏、浙、皖地区形成了两个呈北东东向展布的并在其东端相联的裂陷槽。其沉积厚度达万米。沉积演化晚期形成了复理石与磨拉石。复理石堆积于晚奥陶世,此时裂陷槽为两个向东开口的海湾,碎屑物来自盆地南北两侧的扬子古陆。磨拉石堆积的时代从晚奥陶世末到中泥盆世,碎屑物     

求解非线性有限元方程的弧长法及在工程稳定分析中的应用

本文讨论了求解非线性有限元方程弧长法的基本原理及具体实施,并应用于压杆及滑块的稳定性分析。由于弧长法具有确定并通过结构临界应力状态的临界荷载值,因此可以应用于工程稳定性分析。算例表明,弧长法确定的临界荷载值是令人满意的。     

旋转电极法研究盐类溶解─LiCl、NaCl、KCl在水中的溶解动力学

利用旋转盘装置结合离子选择电极研究了ＬｉＣｌ、ＮａＣｌ、ＫＣｌ在２０℃～３５℃水中溶解动力学，得到了溶解动力学方程．