华北地区地震空区的统计分析

对华北地区1970—2017年出现的地震空区采用统一的识别标准进行全时空清理研究, 结果表明, 华北地区M≥5地震前出现空区的比例为36.7%, 且华北地区M_L≥3.0地震空区的持续时间与主震震级存在一定的线性正相关关系, 但长轴尺度、 起始震级与主震震级的线性关系不明显; 报准率为0.76, 虚报率为0.24, 漏报率为0.60, R值为0.32, 高于具有97.5%置信水平的R₀值, 表明地震空区这种预测方法在华北地区具有较好的预报效果。     

Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baogudi Carlintype gold district(Southwest Guizhou,China) and their geological implications

The newly discovered Baogudi gold district is located in the southwestern Guizhou Province,China,where there are numerous Carlin-type gold deposits.To better understand the geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baogudi gold district,we carried out petrographic observations,elemental analyses,and fluid inclusion and isotopic composition studies.We also compared the results with those of typical Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou.Three mineralization stages,namely,the sedimentation diagenesis,hydrothermal(main-ore and late-ore substages),and supergene stages,were identified based on field and petrographic observations.The main-ore and late-ore stages correspond to Au and Sb mineralization,respectively,which are similar to typical Carlin-type mineralization.The mass transfer associated with alteration and mineralization shows that a significant amount of Au,As,Sb,Hg,Tl,Mo,and S were added to mineralized rocks during the main-ore stage.Remarkably,arsenic,Sb,and S were added to the mineralized rocks during the late-ore stage.Element migration indicates that the sulfidation process was responsible for ore formation.Four types of fluid inclusions were identified in ore-related quartz and fluorite.The main-ore stage fluids are characterized by an H2O–NaCl–CO2–CH4±N2system,with medium to low temperatures(180–260℃)and low salinity(0–9.08%NaCl equivalent).The late-ore stage fluids featured H2O–NaCl±CO2±CH4,with low temperature(120–200℃)and low salinity(0–7.48%Na Cl equivalent).The temperature,salinity,and CO2and CH4concentrations of ore-forming fluids decreased from the main-ore stage to the late-ore stage.The calculated δ^13C,d D,and δ^18O values of the ore-forming fluids range from-14.3 to-7.0%,-76 to-55.7%,and 4.5–15.0%,respectively.Late-ore-stage stibnite had δ^34S values ranging from-0.6 to 1.9%.These stable isotopic compositions indicate that the ore-forming fluids originated mainly from deep magmatic hydrothermal fluids,with minor contributions from strata.Collectively,the Baogudi metallogenic district has geological and geochemical characteristics that are typical of Carlin-type gold deposits in southwest Guizhou.It is likely that the Baogudi gold district,together with other Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou,was formed in response to a single widespread metallogenic event.     

水合硼酸盐的热分析研究

采用ＰＥ－ＴＧＳ２热重分析仪，对三种硼酸盐进行了ＴＧ－ＤＴＧ曲线的测定，调节不同称样量和灵敏度，获得硼砂和四硼酸锂的细微脱水变化。     

2016年门源6.4级地震地磁谐波振幅比异常特征分析

2016年门源6.4级地震为甘—青地区孤立地震事件,且震中附近地磁台站分布均匀,分析总结此次地震前后地磁谐波振幅比变化特征。结果显示：①地震发生前后,震中附近台站地磁谐波振幅比下降—转折—恢复的异常变化过程,持续时间约1—2年;②震中距较小的台站记录显示,地震基本发生在谐波振幅比曲线转折恢复的变化后期阶段,且异常持续时间长;震中距较大的台站记录显示,地震一般发生在曲线趋势性下降—转折阶段,且异常持续时间稍短;③地震发生后,距震中较近的台站1年内Y_ZHx（NS）和Y_ZHy（WE）方向所有或大部分周期基本趋于恢复状态,且同步变化;距震中较远的台站1年内Y_ZHx（NS）和Y_ZHy（WE）方向大部分周期未达到恢复状态,且不同步变化显著。     

公民科学素质视角下的防震减灾科普研究——以日本和美国为例

防震减灾科普教育是提升公民防震减灾科学素质的重要途经。日本和美国是在防震减灾科普教育方面走在世界前列的国家。本文通过研究日本和美国关于公民防震减灾科学素质建设文献资料,分类归纳日本和美国公民防震减灾科学素质建设的历史背景、发展特点及主要路径,由此对我国公民防震减灾科学素质建设提出思考和建议。     

都兰地震台地电场数据变化特征分析

介绍了都兰地震台地电场观测的基本情况,选取2014-2017年的观测数据,对地电场观测中遇到的干扰进行调研分析。结果表明,在日常观测中,都兰地震台地电场观测资料可以真实的反映地下介质变化,干扰源也可以通过数据不同变化形态、幅度快速进行判断,并提出相应的措施,为地震预报做好基础工作。     

Major advances in studies of the physical geography and living environment of China during the past 70 years and future prospects

The natural environment provides material essentials for human survival and development. The characteristics,processes, regional differentiation and forcing mechanisms of the elements of the natural environment(e.g. geomorphology,climate, hydrology, soil, etc.) are the main objects of research in physical geography. China has a complex natural environment and huge regional differentiation and therefore it provides outstanding reserach opportunities in physical geography. This review summarizes the most important developments and the main contributions of research in the physical geography and human living environment in China during the past 70 years. The major topics addressed are the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of its cryosphere, the development of fluvial systems, the acidification of the vast arid region of the Asian interior, variations in the monsoon and westerly climate systems on multiple timescales, the development of lakes and wetlands, the watershed system model, soil erosion, past human-environment interactions, biogeography, and physical geographic zonality. After briefly introducing international research developments, we review the history of research in physical geography in China, focusing on the major achievements and major academic debates, and finally we summarize the status of current research and the future prospects. We propose that in the context of the national demand for the construction of an ecological civilization, we should make full use of the research findings of physical geography, and determine the patterns and mechanisms of natural environmental processes in order to continue to promote the continued contribution of physical geography to national development strategies, and to further contribute to the theory of physical geography from a global perspective.     

中国出口导向型外资企业时空演化与出口增衰机制

利用2000-2013年中国海关贸易数据库出口数据研究分析中国出口导向型外资企业地理格局演变.研究发现,出口导向型外资企业在数量和出口贸易额呈现增长的趋势,出口产品以资本密集型、技术密集型产品为主,主要集中在京津冀、长三角、珠三角、山东半岛、辽中南地区,存在从沿海向中西部内陆地区、由核心城市向周边城市逐渐扩散的特征,外...     

天山乌一号冰川物质平衡特征的统计分析

利用天山乌鲁木齐河源一号冰川物质平衡的多年观测资料,通过数学统计方法提取主成分,获得影响该冰川物质平衡的主要因素,通过成分矩阵的旋转获得表示冰川物质平衡特征的两个主因子,其中第一主因子为影响冰川物质平衡的常年因子,代表该冰川的多年持续变化方向与趋势,第二主因子为影响冰川物质平衡的年际因子,代表该冰川在平衡年内的物质平衡变化特征。常年因子的持续下降反映了冰川持续后退的现实,年际因子在上世纪80年代中期以后突然强劲上升,实际上是冰川物质平衡水平提高,平衡年内积累量和消融量都增加的表现,清晰地指示了西北地区气候由暖干向暖湿的转型。常年因子是冰川物质平衡变化的主导因子,控制了冰川变化的方向。常年因子具有较好的周期性,以6年周期最为明显,但其形成原因尚不明。年际因子周期性不明显,但可以看出其周期与太阳黑子变化具有相关性,同时受到常年因子的影响。     

气候变暖对天水市川灌地玉米生长发育的影响及对策研究

通过1985~2004年20 a气象资料分析得出,影响川灌地玉米产量的主要气象因子是播种—拔节期日较差累积值和乳熟—成熟期≥10℃有效积温。20世纪90年代以来,热量条件的显著增加并由此带来水热之间配置的不适宜性是造成玉米产量出现较大波动的主要气候原因,分析得出作物获得较高产量适宜的光温、温水、光水、光温水的配置量化关系。同时,提出了相应的农业对策和管理建议。