东海赤潮高发区营养盐时空分布特征及其控制要素

东海长江口、舟山渔场附近海域是我国近海赤潮爆发严重的区域之一。在影响该海域营养盐分布的水团中 ,长江冲淡水向表层输入了大量的氮、磷、硅营养盐 ,台湾暖流主要对底层和长江口外上升流区有贡献 ,苏北沿岸水、闽浙沿岸水主要影响近岸区域。同时 ,营养盐在海水 -沉积物界面的交换作用 ,大气湿沉降作用等也影响着该海域营养盐的时空分布。结合2002年4月～2003年3月对29°00′～32°00′N、122°00′～124°00′E海域四季航次调查的营养盐分布规律 ,该海域可分为三片区域 ,由岸边向外海分别为高营养盐、低浮游植物区 ,较高营养盐、高浮游植物区和较低营养盐、低浮游植物区。随着近年来营养盐输入通量的增加 ,富营养化程度加大 ,受化学、物理、生物等因素综合作用 ,高浮游植物区赤潮爆发频率和规模逐年增加 ,已为中国近海典型的赤潮高发区     

Specifying and Configuring Routing Policies of Relative AS in RPSL

Routing policies specification language (RPSL) allows a network operator to specify routing policies at various levels in the Intemet hierarchy, for example at the autonomous system (AS) level. At the same time, policies can be specified with sufficient detail in RPSL so that the low level router configurations can be generated from them. This paper is a discussion on using the RPSL to describe routing policies of relative AS in the lntemet routing registry (IRR). We first analyze the relationships between a pair of ASes, and then explain how to specify various relative AS routing policies in RPSL. At last, we show an example of configuring routing policiesusing RtConfig that is a tool developed by the Routing Arbiter Project (RAP).     

M-估计法广义变分同化FY-3B/IRAS通道亮温

采用FY-3B/IRAS亮温资料进行广义变分同化研究。广义变分同化结合了经典变分同化和稳健M-估计两者的优点。区别于经典变分同化依赖于先前的质量控制并要求误差服从高斯分布,把M-估计法耦合到经典变分同化框架中,得到广义变分同化,其弱化了同化前的质量控制和误差服从高斯分布这两个条件。目标能量泛函包含M-估计以保证对离群值具有稳健性,从而能够得到较好的同化结果。对比变分同化前后的FNL资料湿度与GDAS湿度相关系数作为同化结果检验评价。具体操作过程在FNL作为背景场的基础上分别采用经典和M-估计不同的权重因子变分同化FY3B/IRAS资料,把得到的分析场与GDAS进行相关性比较,由于湿度具有较强的非高斯性,文中首先评估了安徽省13个站GPS/PWV和积分相关湿度廓线得到大气可降水量(即GDAS/PWV和FNL/PWV资料)的相关性,进一步基于信息熵自由度思想进行了近一个月IRAS 20个通道对分析场的影响贡献率诊断研究。     

2003/2004年极地基础数据共享工作进展

本文简述了2003-2004年期间中国第18、19次南极考察和第2次北极考察的数据汇交和共享工作的进展情况。以中国极地科学数据库为数据发布基础平台,利用ASP.NET技术开发动态数据库驱动的网站,通过“中国极地数据库网站”和“中国地球科学数据共享网”向用户提供公益性的数据共享服务。2003-2004年发布新的数据集406个,新增记录100多万条。     

白令海北部陆坡晚第四纪的古海洋与古气候学记录

白令海北部陆坡B2 9柱状样中放射虫Cycladophoradavisiana含量曲线和深海SPECMAP氧同位素记录的对比 ,为该柱状样建立了晚第四纪约 1 0万年以来的地层年代框架。该柱状样中微体化石、碳屑颗粒、筏冰碎屑 (石英和岩屑颗粒 )的定量分析结果表明 ,作为表层生产力指标的粗组份自氧同位素 5 .3期以来呈阶梯状增加 ,反映表层生产力阶段式的增长 ;碳屑颗粒丰度自氧同位素 5 .3期至末次冰消期的增加说明白令海末次冰消期以前气候较全新世干冷 ,天然火灾发生的概率较全新世大大增加 ;冰期和早、中全新世较高的筏冰碎屑反映了冰期和早、中全新世白令海陆架海冰的扩大以及气候转暖所导致的海冰消融的过程 ,揭示了白令海对过去全球气候变化的响应。     

OMIS-Ⅱ图像大气校正之FLAASH法与经验线性法的比较

对FLAASH法和经验线性法的大气校正效果进行评价.结果表明,FLAASH法和经验线性法均能很好地消除大部分大气的影响,满足试验要求.如果单从精度方面考虑,FLAASH法要略好于经验线性法.但FLAASH法的校正精度依赖于输入的大气参数和仪器定标精度,因而在实际应用中关键还要根据现有的数据情况选择合适的校正方法.     

Exploring hyperspectral bands and estimation indices for leaf nitrogen accumulation in wheat

Hyperspectral sensing can provide an effective means for fast and non-destructive estimation of leaf nitrogen (N) status in crop plants. The objectives of this study were to design a new method to extract hyperspectral spectrum information, to explore sensitive spectral bands, suitable bandwidth and best vegetation indices based on precise analysis of ground-based hyperspectral information, and to develop regression models for estimating leaf N accumulation per unit soil area (LNA, g N m⁻²) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Three field experiments were conducted with different N rates and cultivar types in three consecutive growing seasons, and time-course measurements were taken on canopy hyperspectral reflectance and LNA under the various treatments. Then, normalized difference spectral indices (NDSI) and ratio spectral indices (RSI) based on the original spectrum and the first derivative spectrum were constructed within the range of 350–2500 nm, and their relationships with LNA were quantified. The results showed that both LNA and canopy hyperspectral reflectance in wheat changed with varied N rates, with consistent patterns across different cultivars and seasons. The sensitive spectral bands for LNA existed mainly within visible and near infrared regions. The best spectral indices for estimating LNA in wheat were found to be NDSI (R₈₆₀, R₇₂₀), RSI (R₉₉₀, R₇₂₀), NDSI (FD₇₃₆, FD₅₂₆) and RSI (FD₇₂₅, FD₅₁₆), and the regression models based on the above four spectral indices were formulated as Y = 26.34x^1.887, Y = 5.095x − 6.040, Y = 0.609 e^3.008x and Y = 0.388x^1.260, respectively, with R² greater than 0.81. Furthermore, expanding the bandwidth of NDSI (R₈₆₀, R₇₂₀) and RSI (R₉₉₀, R₇₂₀) from 1 nm to 100 nm at 1 nm interval produced the LNA monitoring models with similar performance within about 33 nm and 23 nm bandwidth, respectively, over which the statistical parameters of the models became less stable. From testing of the derived equations, the model for LNA estimation on NDSI (R₈₆₀, R₇₂₀), RSI (R₉₉₀, R₇₂₀), NDSI (FD₇₃₆, FD₅₂₆) and RSI (FD₇₂₅, FD₅₁₆) gave R² over 0.79 with more satisfactory performance than previously reported models and physical models in wheat. It can be concluded that the present hyperspectral parameters of NDSI (R₈₆₀, R₇₂₀), RSI (R₉₉₀, R₇₂₀), NDSI (FD₇₃₆, FD₅₂₆) and RSI (FD₇₂₅, FD₅₁₆) can be reliably used for estimating LNA in winter wheat.     

GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位研究

讨论了GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位的数学模型,并以IRKJ跟踪站的观测数据为例,分别利用GPS和GPS/GLONASS组合两种方式进行精密单点定位解算。计算结果表明,当GPS观测卫星数较多(9~10颗)时,组合GPS/GLONASS较单系统GPS的精密单点定位精度及收敛速度有一定改善,但效果不明显。当GPS卫星数较少(4~5颗)时,引入GLONASS卫星进行GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位,其定位精度及收敛速度较单系统GPS精密单点均有显著改善。     

一种遥感信息服务分类本体构建方法

在分析遥感信息服务的领域特征及其概念的事件名词特点的基础上,结合框架语义学理论,提出了基于事件框架提取遥感信息服务概念的语义特征并在此基础上利用形式概念分析构建遥感信息服务分类本体的方法。实验结果表明了此方法的有效性。     

CAD数据与GIS数据的转换过程探讨

数据对土地信息系统(LIS)来说是至关重要的,数据质量的好坏是土地信息系统建设成败的关键。本文将探讨数据转换的一种方法。