电子地图数据管理系统的设计与实现

电子地图数据的管理是一项细致、繁琐的基础性工作,对其管理是否科学、高效将直接影响数据的提供和服务,建立实用的数据管理系统辅助管理,以提高效率,从而提供更好的服务。本文从数据源、存储设备编号、系统构架、数据库设计、系统功能与应用等多个方面介绍电子地图数据管理系统的设计和实现。     

Dynamic analysis of train–bridge system subjected to non‐uniform seismic excitations

Based on the theory of dynamic wheel–rail interactions, a dynamic model of coupled train–bridge system subjected to earthquakes is established, in which the non‐uniform characteristics of the seismic wave input from different foundations are considered. The bridge model is based on the modal comprehension analysis technique. Each vehicle is modelled with 31 degrees of freedom. The seismic loads are imposed on the bridge by using the influence matrix and exerted on the vehicles through the dynamic wheel–rail interaction relationships. The normal wheel–rail interaction is tackled by using the Hertzian contact theory, and the tangent wheel–rail interaction by the Kalker linear theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins theory. A computer code is developed. A case study is performed to a continuous bridge on the planned Beijing–Shanghai high‐speed railway in China. Through input of typical seismic waves with different propagation velocities to the train–bridge system, the histories of the train running through the bridge are simulated and the dynamic responses of the bridge and the vehicles are calculated. The influences of train speed and seismic wave propagation velocity on the dynamic responses of the bridge–vehicle system are studied. The critical train speeds are proposed for running safety on high‐speed railway bridges under earthquakes of various intensities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

甘肃北山大石山A型花岗岩体的地球化学特征及构造意义

甘肃北山大石山岩体主要由角闪花岗岩和二长花岗岩组成,岩石的化学成分特点为过铝质(Al_2O_3含量为 12.18%～13.37%)、富硅(SiO_2含量为74.22%～78.38%)、偏碱(Na_2O+K_2O 为7.60%～8.50%),FeO~T/MgO 值高,CaO 和 MgO 含量低(分别为0.01%～0.99%和0.05%～1.15%),富含 Y、Nb 等高场强元素(HFSE)以及 F、Sr、 Ba 和 REE(∑REE=102.3×10~(-6)～120.02×10~(-6))低。这些特点与本区的 I 型和 S 型花岗岩有明显差别,是一种典型的 A_2型花岗岩。大石山岩体 Rb-Sr 等时线年龄为273 Ma,表明北山地区在海西晚期即进入造山后拉张裂解环境。     

Long-range Automaton Models of Earthquakes: Power-law Accelerations,Correlation Evolution,and Mode-switching

—?We introduce a conceptual model for the in-plane physics of an earthquake fault. The model employs cellular automaton techniques to simulate tectonic loading, earthquake rupture, and strain redistribution. The impact of a hypothetical crustal elastodynamic Green's function is approximated by a long-range strain redistribution law with a r ^?p dependance. We investigate the influence of the effective elastodynamic interaction range upon the dynamical behaviour of the model by conducting experiments with different values of the exponent (p). The results indicate that this model has two distinct, stable modes of behaviour. The first mode produces a characteristic earthquake distribution with moderate to large events preceeded by an interval of time in which the rate of energy release accelerates. A correlation function analysis reveals that accelerating sequences are associated with a systematic, global evolution of strain energy correlations within the system. The second stable mode produces Gutenberg-Richter statistics, with near-linear energy release and no significant global correlation evolution. A model with effectively short-range interactions preferentially displays Gutenberg-Richter behaviour. However, models with long-range interactions appear to switch between the characteristic and GR modes. As the range of elastodynamic interactions is increased, characteristic behaviour begins to dominate GR behaviour. These models demonstrate that evolution of strain energy correlations may occur within systems with a fixed elastodynamic interaction range. Supposing that similar mode-switching dynamical behaviour occurs within earthquake faults then intermediate-term forecasting of large earthquakes may be feasible for some earthquakes but not for others, in alignment with certain empirical seismological observations. Further numerical investigation of dynamical models of this type may lead to advances in earthquake forecasting research and theoretical seismology.     

沽源—多伦盆地火山岩类和花岗岩类同位素地质年代学及铀成矿条件研究

本文对沽源-多伦盆地火山岩类和花岗岩类进行了同位素地质年代学和铀成矿条件的系统研究。确定了该区张家口组、花吉营组火山岩类均属早白至世产物,其形成年龄为125—135Ma。指出本区花岗岩浆活动有前海西期、海西期、印支期和燕山期,不存在文献中提到的自北而南分布的3条东西向海酉期花岗岩浆活动带。本文还指出该区区域铀成矿作用具有多期次的特点,同一矿床铀成矿作用的叠加是形成富铀矿体的前提。该区火山岩类钠含量较低,对铀成矿不利。然而,在不利的地质背景中局部存在利于铀成矿的地段和岩性,应作为今后重点的找矿对象。     

基础板厚度对减小不均匀沉降的算例分析

对弹性地基上不同刚度的基础板,利用弹性地基上梁的计算方法进行了不同集中荷载工况下的变形计算。根据计算结果,分析了基础刚度对于弹性地基上基础的最大沉降的影响以及刚度对于基础整体变形的影响。     

PUVM2测轨方法的误差估计及其传播

本文根据误差理论,对ＰＵＶＭ２测轨方法的误差及其传播规律进行了初步的分析和研究,给出了卫星的轨道根数σ和空间位置ｒ↑→的内符合误差估计公式。     

地块波浪运动及意义

论述了地块波浪运动的概念、形成机制及其传播和效应,并给出了简单的数学模型,最后指出了地块波浪的两个极重要的特性（周期性和翘倾性）及实践意义。     

沧参1井热历史及成油气环境研究

本文通过Ｕ－Ｐｂ同位素地质年代学研究，指出沧参１井沉积地层中的物质来源是华北古陆；隐伏花岗岩侵位年龄为９９Ｍａ，来源于具下地壳特征的太古宙岩石的重熔。对奥陶系碳酸岩流体包裹体特征研究指出沧参１井流体包体类型可分为３大类、８个亚类，本区碳酸盐类岩石有机质丰富，应为一套生油储油较好的岩系。特别是通过不同深度１０个磷灰石样品裂变径迹表观年龄和径迹长度特征的研究，论述了本区古地温的变化，约在１４３Ｍａ前石炭二送纪地层中的磷灰石经历过完全的退火，这是二迭纪以下地层的第１次生油作用；９９Ｍａ花岗岩侵位，岩浆热对围岩中有机质的转化和油气的形成起了促进作用，这可作为第２次生油期；第三纪时因地壳下降，沉积了巨厚的第三系地层，这时磷灰石退火带范围（大致相当于生油带）约为１７００—３９００ｍ，古地温梯度为３．１℃／１００ｍ，这是本区第３次生油阶段。     

D型菌解无定形体的形成及其生烃模式

通过对准噶尔盆地部分油藏烃源岩的电子显微镜研究,在大量样品中检出D型菌解无定形体,其母质来源具有二元混合性,形成在弱还原─原环境中,生烃门限R_o值为0.4%,生烃期大约为0.4%-0.7%,是轻质油(或凝析油)和天然气形成的重要组分之一。在低演化阶段,由于细菌参加了对有机质的改造,使Ⅱ_B-Ⅲ类烃源岩中富集氢,生烃能力变好。文章还初步探讨了芳烃化合物含量与菌解无定形体D形成的关系,指出当沉积体系中的硫和硫化氢与铁结合,形成稳定的黄铁矿物后,才有可能在Ⅲ型有机质中形成高含量的D型菌解无定形体。