中国儿童多维贫困时空格局变化及其影响因素

儿童是社会发展的未来,相对于具有劳动能力的成年人,儿童群体更易陷入严重的多维贫困状态,因此探讨儿童多维贫困的时空动态变化及其影响因素具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。以中国25个省、市、自治区为研究区,使用A-F法从住房、照料、教育、健康、营养维度对2010—2016年中国儿童多维贫困进行测度,并结合空间自相关、地理探测器等方法对其时空格局及影响因素进行研究。结果表明：① 2010—2016年中国东中西部儿童多维贫困指数均呈下降趋势,儿童多维贫困在住房、照料、教育、健康、营养各维度均得到有效改善;② 2010—2016年中国儿童多维贫困、各维度贫困存在空间分布差异,呈现“东—中—西”部儿童多维贫困指数阶梯式递增的空间特征;③ 2010—2016年中国城市、农村儿童多维贫困情况均得到改善,空间分布向着“东—中—西”贫困指数阶梯式递增的格局转变,但农村儿童多维贫困指数始终远高于城市;④ 家庭情况、城镇化水平是影响儿童多维贫困空间分异的重要因素,抚养能力、经济水平、教育环境是影响儿童多维贫困的次要因素。综合来看,各影响因素的交互作用对儿童多维贫困空间分异的影响远超过单因素,教育环境与抚养能力、城镇化水平与医疗资源、家庭情况与抚养能力为影响儿童多维贫困的主导交互因素。     

GPS网络RTK综合误差线性内插法模拟实验计算

讨论了综合误差内插法数学模型的正确性,进行了模拟计算,说明一般内插值均可满足通常工程的精度要求.     

GPS静态精密单点定位精度实验分析

通过实验分析了静态GPS精密单点定位精度,提出了应用精密单点定位技术进行生产作业时应该注意的几点问题.     

Quantitative Prediction for Deep Mineral Exploration

On reviewing the characteristics of deep mineral exploration, this article elaborates on the necessity of employing quantitative prediction to reduce uncertainty. This is caused by complexity of mineral deposit formational environments and mineralization systems as increase of exploration depth and incompleteness of geo-information from limited direct observation. The authors wish to share the idea of "seeking difference" principle in addition to the "similar analogy" principle in deep mineral exploration, especially the focus is on the new ores in depth either in an area with discovered shallow mineral deposits or in new areas where there are no sufficient mineral deposit models to be compared. An on-going research project, involving Sn and Cu mineral deposit quantitative prediction in the Gejiu (个旧) area of Yunnan (云南) Province, China, was briefly introduced to demonstrate how the "three-component" (geoanomaly-mineralization diversity-mineral deposit spectrum) theory and non-linear methods series in conjunction with advanced GIS technology, can be applied in multi-scale and multi-task deep mineral prospecting and quantitative mineral resource assessment.     

应用FY-1D气象卫星监测雾(英文)

FY-1D is the second national operation meteorological satellite of China, and is much better compared to monitoring fog. However, research on monitoring fog using FY-1D is very few. In this paper, based on the typical FY-1D data, a fog＇s spectral characteristics in the different channels are analyzed using the histogram analysis method, and a method of monitoring fog using FY-1D is suggested. The results indicate that the 1st and 4th channels are the representative channels of FY-1D for the identification of fog. In the 1st channel, the fog is with uniform veins, smooth top, and clear-cut boundary, and its albedo is 20%-48%. In the 4th channel, the fog＇s brightness and temperature is 272-289K, and the difference value between the fog＇s and the ground surface＇s is not more than 6K.     

测绘科技信息为新疆开发建设提供服务保障

本文介绍了新疆测绘局发挥测绘科技信息优势,加强测绘对外宣传力度,为测绘事业发展创造和谐的社会环境,提高测绘科技创新能力,提升测绘保障服务能力;就基础测绘工作在新疆经济社会发展的重要作用做了详细阐述。     

Diversity of Mineralization and Spectrum of the Gejiu Superlarge Tin-Copper Polymetallic Deposit,Yunnan,China

The Gejiu (个旧) deposit is a superlarge tin-copper polymetallic ore-forming concentration area characterized by excellent metallogenic geological settings and advantageous ore-controlling factors. The deposit displays diverse mineralization properties due to different minerals and mineral deposit types. Based on the principal metallogenic factors, metallogenic mechanisms, mineralized components, and occurrence of mineral deposits or ore bodies, the Gejiu mineral district can be divided into 2 combinations of metallogenic series, 4 metallogenic series, 8 subseries, and 27 mineral deposit types. Spatial zonality is evident. The distribution regularity of the elements in both plane and section is Be-W, Sn (Cu, Mo, Bi, Be)-Sn, Pb, Ag-Pb, Zn around a granitic intrusion. The metallogenic epoch is mainly concentrated in the late Yanshanian. During this period, large-scale metallogenic processes related to movement caused by tectonics and magmatism occurred, and a series of magmatic hydrothermal deposits formed. The ore-forming processes can be divided into 4 stages: the silicate stage, the oxide stage, the sulphide stage, and the carbonate stage. Based on the orderliness and diversity (in terms of time, space, and genesis) of the mineralization, the authors have developed a comprehensive spectrum of ore deposits in the Gejiu area. This newly proposed diversity of mineralization and the spectrum developed in this work are useful not only for interpreting the genesis of the Gejiu deposit but also for improving mineral exploration in the area, and in particular, for finding large deposits.     

鄱阳湖湿地碟形湖-河流水稳定同位素变化特征及其指示意义

为深入认识鄱阳湖湿地区域水循环过程,于2019年1—12月在鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区对降水、河流水、主要碟形湖水进行系统采集,综合分析碟形湖-河流水稳定同位素的动态变化特征及其指示意义。结果表明,鄱阳湖湿地修河和赣江的同位素组成具有明显的季节性变化规律,4月河水同位素最为富集,5—7月逐渐贫化,之后呈现出不断富集的变化趋势,整体上与降水同位素的时间变化特性相似。在空间分布上,各段河水的同位素组成均具有相对稳定的沿程分布特征,赣江在修河汇入点上、下游的同位素特性在大多数月份没有呈现出明显变化。碟形湖水同位素的年内变化范围比河水大,并且相对富集。主要碟形湖水的δ²H-δ¹⁸O关系接近当地大气降水线,具有更小的蒸发线斜率以及系统性偏离的特征,反映碟形湖主要受到当地降水补给,经历了一定程度的蒸发作用。基于指数模型方法估算修河和赣江水体的平均滞留时间(mean residence time,MRT)分别为1.54和0.81年,赣江较短的MRT表明鄱阳湖流域具有不同水体组分相互快速转化的水力条件,修河上游柘林水库的调蓄作用导致其MRT明显大于赣江。通过假定...     

融合星载LiDAR系统GEDI数据与Sentinel-2影像的长江中游洲滩典型禾本科植物高度动态研究

植物是大型河流生态系统的重要成分。但受气候变化和人类活动影响,洲滩禾本科植物高度不断发生调整,进而影响洲滩生境和河道防洪安全,故需长期监测。近年来,伴随着星载激光雷达(LiDAR)技术的发展,应用LiDAR卫星数据反演洲滩禾本科植物高度成为一种可能。本文融合新一代星载LiDAR系统GEDI数据与Sentinel-2影像,基于XGBoost算法构建了考虑物候、累积温度与光合有效辐射指标的洲滩典型禾本科植物高度外推模型,同时利用Attention-UNet算法搭建了洪淹区域识别模型。随后以长江中游洲滩为例,探明了星载LiDAR技术在获取洲滩植株高度方面的性能,分析了各指标对模型精度的影响,并初步得出了洲滩典型禾本科植物高度对不同淹没条件的响应模式。主要结论包括:(1)星载LiDAR系统GEDI具有准确探测洲滩植物高度的能力,与无人机航测数据相比RMSE=0.43 m;(2)运用GEDI数据构建禾本科植物高度外推模型时,考虑物候和累积温度等指标可有效提升模型精度,提升幅度为6.8%～10.7%;(3)利用无人机航测数据对模型外推植物高度进行评价,RMSE=0.80m。同时从模型外推结果中可知...     

不同营养水平下浮游细菌群落对盐度干扰的响应与稳定性

微生物群落是湖泊生态系统的重要组成部分,其结构和功能的稳定性对于生态系统正常执行功能和服务具有至关重要的作用。以营养富集和盐度增加为特征的全球变化深刻影响湖泊生态系统,揭示这些因素对微生物群落结构及其稳定性的影响机理具有重要意义。本研究以浮游细菌群落为研究对象,开展2个营养水平和3个盐度干扰强度水平(对照组、3‰和9‰)的室内模拟实验;基于同一时间点的实验组和对照组之间细胞密度的差异,计算反应力、抵抗力、恢复力和时间稳定性等多个稳定性指标,尝试揭示群落的稳定性机制;借助细菌16S rRNA基因高通量测序对群落结构进行分析,阐明不同营养水平下浮游细菌群落不同类群对盐度干扰的响应。研究发现,浮游细菌的细胞密度和物种丰富度在盐度干扰后降低,对盐度敏感类群相对丰度减少;盐度干扰后水体中溶解性有机碳增加,促进了适应干扰后环境的浮游细菌生长。更高的干扰强度显著降低了细胞密度,导致了更低的抵抗力;盐度干扰和营养水平在反应力、恢复力和时间稳定性方面存在显著交互作用,在9‰盐度干扰下,高营养水平群落表现出最低的稳定性。多数稳定性指标之间表现出了显著的正相关,可以协同指示浮游细菌群落的稳定性;抵抗力和恢复力之间并不显著相关,但是可以从不同角度反映群落稳定性。未来淡水生态系统的富营养和盐度增加将显著降低浮游细菌群落稳定性,多个稳定性指标的应用和高频次观测有助于了解浮游细菌群落对干扰的响应与稳定性机制。