Stress relaxation and attenuation of fluid－saturated sandstone at low frequency

Ｓｔｒｅｓｓｒｅｌａｘａｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｔｔｅｎｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｌｕｉｄ－ｓａｔｕｒａｔｅｄｓａｎｄｓｔｏｎｅａｔｌｏｗｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙＤａｏ－ＹｉｎｇＸＩ（席道瑛），Ａｉ－ＷｅｎＬＩＵ（刘爱文）ａｎｄＷｅｉＬＩＵ（刘卫）（Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏ...     

跨断裂水准剖面观测在地震监测中的应用

由于活动地块的相对运动和变形，其边界带往往构造活动强烈，是反映地壳运动的敏感部位。基于上述思路，昆仑山口西8．1级大震发生后，通过大范围监测布设在青藏块体北部地区及周边主要构造带上的水准剖面，在短期内快速获取了大范围的断裂活动信息和不同断裂带对大区域构造应力场变化的响应特征。实践证明，这种监测方式灵活、作业周期短、资料处理快，能及时对震情趋势做出估计，不失为当前区域形变监测工作的一种新的探索。     

Study on snowmelt runoff simulation in the Kaidu River basin

Alpine snowmelt is an important generation mode for runoff in the source region of the Tarim River basin, which covers four subbasins characterized by large area, sparse gauge stations, mixed runoff supplied by snowmelt and rainfall, and remarkably spatially heterogeneous precipitation. Taking the Kaidu River basin as a research area, this study analyzes the influence of these characteristics on the variables and parameters of the Snow Runoff Model and discusses the corresponding determination strategy to improve the accuracy of snowmelt simulation and forecast. The results show that: (i) The temperature controls the overall tendency of simulated runoff and is dominant to simulation accuracy, as the measured daily mean temperature cannot represent the average level of the same elevation in the basin and that directly inputting it to model leads to inaccurate simulations. Based on the analysis of remote sensing snow maps and simulation results, it is reasonable to approximate the mean temperature with 0.5 time daily maximum temperature. (ii) For the conflict between the limited gauge sta-tion and remarkably spatial heterogeneity of rainfall, it is not realistic to compute rainfall for each elevation zone. After the measured rainfall is multiplied by a proper coefficient and adjusted with runoff coefficient for rainfall, the measured rainfall data can satisfy the model demands. (iii) Adjusting time lag according to the variation of snowmelt and rainfall position can improve the simulation precision of the flood peak process. (iv) Along with temperature, the rainfall increases but cannot be completely monitored by limited gauge stations, which results in precision deterioration.     

A contrast of two typical LUCC processes and their driving forces in oases of arid areas: A case study of Sangong River Watershed at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains

Aerial photographs taken in 1978 and 1987, Landsat TM images in 1998 as well as soil, hydrology and socio-economic data for the oases in Sangong River Watershed were processed by Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS). There are two typical agricultural land uses in oases, Farm-based Land Use with large-scale intensified agricultural activities (FLU) and Household Responsibility-based Land Use with small-scale activities (HRLU). The Index Model of Land Use/Land Cover Change (LUCC), Weighted Index Sum (WIS) and logistic stepwise regression model were established to contrast the two typical LUCC processes and their driving forces. The land use patterns were dominated by cropland and grassland for the entire region, and cropland, residential and industrial land were increasing stably. In the HRLU areas, woodland and grassland declined dramatically, but in the FLU areas, grassland decreased only by 12.0%, whereas woodland increased by 13.7%. LUCC was stronger in the earlier stage (1978–1987) than in the later stage (1987–1998) for the entire region. LUCC was more intense in the HRLU areas than in the FLU areas during the entire period (1978–1998). Policy was a key factor in the land use change, and water resources were a precondition in land use. Under the control of policy and water resources, the main human driving factors included population and economy, and the main natural restrictions were soil fertility and groundwater depth. Human driving factors controlled the land change in the HRLU areas, but natural restriction factors dominated in the FLU areas. In the mean time, intensification of LUCC in the region had some spatiotemporal implications with a fluctuation of impact factors.     

湛江港邻近海域台风浪的模拟研究

对第三代近岸海浪数值模式SWAN及包含的物理过程进行了简要介绍，利用该模式对影响南海湛江港海域的二次台风浪过程进行了模拟研究：由藤田台风风场模型同化相应时刻的台风要素、NCAR/NCEP网格点资料、单站观测资料后，提供模式所需风场；利用自嵌套的方式，提供模式波谱边界条件；两次模拟结果与实际海浪观测资料相符较好，可以为该海域台风浪的模拟预报提供较为重要的参考。     

山东夏季降水量场预测模型研究及预测试验

从预测山东夏季降水场的需要出发，用山东1961－2001年夏季降水资料，研究了山东夏季降水的基本分布型式及其与北半球500hPa月平均高度、大气环流特征量及北太平洋海温之间关系。结果表明：不同的分布型存在不同的前期预测强信号。以这些强信号为主要预报因子结合考虑降水趋势振荡，构建出山东夏季降水场预测模型，并进行了预测试验。     

用递归算法实现整周模糊度矢量空间的遍历

整周模糊度搜索是整周模糊度分解的关键 ,周跳的存在使整周模糊度个数具有不确定性 ,本文给出了在整周模糊度不确定的情况下动态整周模糊度搜索问题的描述 ,以及完成整周模糊度矢量空间遍历的递归算法具体实现 ,最后结合模拟算例分析了该算法的效率性     

基于网络环境的MapMIS数字化生产管理系统

Map MIS是一个应用于数字化测绘生产的管理信息系统。它集成了网络、数据库、分布式数据仓库技术 ,它可以在生产过程中帮助生产管理人员、质量检查人员、作业人员管理与数字化测绘生产相关的事务流、信息流和海量的数据流。提出了数字化测绘生产管理的新模式