基于Landsat TM影像的城市变化检测研究

在综述变化检测算法的基础上,提出了一种新的基于NDVI的城市变化检测算法。实验证明,该算法可获得较高的变化/非变化精度     

Biostratigraphy of a Paleocene–Eocene Foreland Basin boundary in southern Tibet

This study of the Paleocene–Eocene boundary within a foreland basin of southern Tibet, which was dominated by a carbonate ramp depositional environment, documents more complex environmental conditions than can be derived from studies of the deep oceanic environment. Extinction rates for larger foraminiferal species in the Zongpu-1 Section apply to up to 46% of the larger foraminiferal taxa. The extinction rate in southern Tibet is similar to rates elsewhere in the world, but it shows that the Paleocene fauna disappeared stepwise through the Late Paleocene, with Eocene taxa appearing abruptly above the boundary. A foraminifera turnover was identified between Members 3 and 4 of the Zongpu Formation—from the Miscellanea–Daviesina assemblage to an Orbitolites–Alveolina assemblage. The Paleocene and Eocene boundary is between the SBZ 4 and SBZ 5, where it is marked by the extinction of Miscellanea miscella and the first appearance of Alveolina ellipsodalis and a large number of Orbitolites. Chemostratigraphically, the δ13C values from both the Zongpu-1 and Zongpu-2 Sections show three negative excursions in the transitional strata, one in Late Paleocene, one at the boundary, and one in the early Eocene. The second negative excursion of δ13C, which is located at the P–E boundary, coincides with larger foraminifera overturn. These faunal changes and the observed δ13C negative excursions provide new evidence on environmental changes across the Paleocene–Eocene boundary in Tibet.     

宁镇矿集区安基山花岗闪长斑岩和韦岗花岗闪长岩的锆石U- Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

宁镇矿集区位于长江中下游成矿带东部,发育了大量与Cu、Fe矿产有关的中酸性侵入岩,如区内安基山岩体和韦岗岩体分别与安基山铜矿及伏牛山铜矿、韦岗铁矿等Cu、Fe矿床成矿关系密切。尽管前人在宁镇矿集区开展了大量的岩石学工作,但是对这些花岗质岩石源区特征方面的研究却略显薄弱。本文对该矿集区内的安基山岩体和韦岗岩体开展了详细的LA- ICP- MS 锆石U- Pb测年和锆石Hf同位素研究,进而确定成岩年龄、探讨岩浆源区性质及与成矿作用的关系。锆石U- Pb定年结果显示区内安基山花岗闪长斑岩和韦岗花岗闪长岩成岩年龄分别为108.9~110.9 Ma和107.3~109.6 Ma,宁镇矿集区晚中生代岩浆岩的成岩时代在110~100 Ma之间,明显晚于长江中下游其他矿集区成岩时代范围近20 Ma。两个岩体的锆石Hf同位素研究显示,韦岗花岗闪长岩的εHf(t)值为-47.4~-16.9,平均为-24.9,二阶段Hf模式年龄(TDM2)为2.24~4.14 Ga,平均为2.73 Ga,可能是中太古代至古元古代下地壳部分熔融形成的;而安基山花岗闪长斑岩的εHf(t)值为-16.8~-8.9,平均为-12.4,二阶段Hf模式年龄(TDM2)为1.74~2.23 Ga,平均为1.96 Ga,可能是富集岩石圈地幔物质与下地壳物质混合的产物。本文研究结果结合前人研究显示,矽卡岩型Fe矿床有关的岩体相比于矽卡岩型Cu矿床成矿岩体含有更多的地壳物质;岩浆源区壳、幔物质含量比例可能是控制长江中下游成矿带Cu、 Fe成矿作用的重要因素。     

南北地震带中南段地壳水平运动负位错反演与汶川等地震背景

利用南北地震带中南段1999-2001年、2001-2004年、2004-2007年GPS水平运动速度场资料,借助非震负位错反演,研究了该区主要活动断裂应变积累状态及其时空演化特征;分析了2001年11月14日昆仑山口西MS8.1、2004年12月26日苏门达腊MS8.7(Mw9.0)巨大地震可能的震后影响,以及与2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0、8月30日攀枝花-会理MS6.1等地震孕育有关的应变积累背景。     

杭州主城区O3与前体物浓度变化特征

利用2004～2006年杭州主城区环境空气监测资料,研究了O_3、NO_2和CO浓度的分布特征和时间变化规律,结果表明,杭州主城区3年的O_3、NO_2、CO的年均浓度都不大,分别为40、60、1400μg·m~(-3).四季中O_3、NO_2和CO浓度相差较大,O_3是夏季高冬季低,NO_2和CO则是秋季较高,夏季较低.O_3、NO_2和CO浓度日变化也很明显,其中O_3是单峰形态,NO_2和CO为双峰形态.不同天气条件下O_3与烃类的关系研究表明,晴天时烃类浓度减少,O_3浓度明显增加;阴天时O_3浓度较低,烃类浓度较高,它们的变化不大.白天和夜晚不同风速时O_3、C_2-C_(12)的浓度变化不同,白天风速增大时C_2-C_(12)浓度减小,O_3浓度增加;晚上无此变化.     

High-resolution profiles of trace metals assessed by DGT techniques in lake sediment porewaters

The technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) was applied to obtain high-resolution vertical profiles of trace metals in sediment porewater of a eutrophic lake, Lake Chaohu. All sampling sediments were under anaerobic conditions with Eh values below 0, the redox potential profile in M4 was relatively stable, and higher Eh values in M4 than that in M1 were observed due to hydrodynamic effects. Fe, Mn and As exhibited closely corresponding profiles due to the co-release of Fe and Mn oxides and the reduction of As. Higher Fe and Mn concentrations and lower As concentrations were observed in M1 of the western half-lake than those in M4 of the eastern half-lake due to different sources and metal contamination levels in the two regions. Cu and Zn showed increasing concentrations similar to Mn and Fe at 1–2 cm depth of sediments, while DGT measured Co, Ni, Cd and Pb concentrations decreased down to 3–4 cm in the profiles. Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb showed insignificant regional concentration variances in the western and eastern half-lakes. According to the R(C _DGT/C _{centrifugation}) values, the rank order of metal labilities decrease as follows: Fe (>1) > Cu, Pb, Zn (>0.9) > Co, Ni, Cd (>0.3) > Mn, As (>0.1).     

异常冷冬的短期气候预测方法探讨

本文通过对四川省广安市近50年冬季气候资料的聚类分析,研究冷冬气候的演变规律;结合太阳黑子活动资料、夏季极端异常气候事件分析,发现广安市异常冷冬年的发生发展和一月太阳黑子活动存在着密切的相关关系,与本市盛夏期间极端气候事件有明显的周期性对应关系;从而探索得出对异常冷冬年的短期气候预测方法,为准确预测冷冬,特别是预测异常冷冬将发挥重要的作用。     

贵州水银洞地热水水化学特征与成因

以贵州水银洞地区地热水为研究对象,作piper三线图、聚类谱系图、散点图等对该区地热水水化学特征进行分析,并利用氢氧同位素对热水补给来源、循环深度分析,结合PHREEQC进行水文地球化学模拟对热水成因进行研究.结果 表明,地热水属于低中矿化度的弱碱性水,阳离子以Ca2+、Na+为主,阴离子以SO42--、HCO3-为主,水化学类型以HCO3-·SO42-Ca2+为主,少量HCO3-·SO42-Na+型.氢氧同位素特征及Na-K-Mg三线图表明,热水主要来源于大气降水,水岩程度较低,补给高程1657～2232m,循环深度1295～1790m,热储温度56.82～74.16℃.用PHREEQC进行水文地球化学模拟得到4个模型,均显示地热水形成过程中消耗CO2、O2,黄铁矿被氧化,大量方解石、白云石溶解,并发生Na-Ca阳离子交换作用.大气降水于灰家堡背斜西侧40 km外出露的茅口组地层补给到含水层中,冷水穿过时氧化煤系地层及构造蚀变带中硫化物生成SO42-离子,并在运移过程中受到深大断裂输送的大地热流加热,热水储集在构造蚀变体中与围岩发生反应.硅酸盐矿物溶滤出Na+离子,方解石、白云石被溶解得Ca2+、Mg2+及HCO3-离子,同时在热水中发生Na-Ca阳离子交换作用.良好的储盖条件、发育的构造及热流使研究区形成以Ca2+、Na+、SO42-、HCO3-离子为主的地热水.     

遥感及地球物理方法在尉犁地区寻找隐伏岩体中的应用

尉犁兴地地区遥感影像信息分析与野外实地调查的实践表明,地质体与遥感信息、地球物理特征之间有密切的联系。依据遥感影像色调及影纹特征圈定地层边界效果显著。运用遥感与地球物理手段相结合的技术方法,对寻找隐伏岩体有独特的优势,是隐伏地区找矿的有效手段之一。     

Tectonic evolution of the Triassic Songpan-Ganzi basin as constrained by a synthesis of multi-proxy provenance data

The triangular Songpan-Ganzi flysch terrane exposes a Triassic turbidite sequence with an average thickness of ca. 8 km. The sediments may have been accumulated in a remnant Paleo-Tethyan ocean bounded by the converging North China, South China, and the Qiangtang terrane from three sides, or a back-arc basin with an oceanic basement created during the Triassic closure of the Paleo-Tethyan ocean. To differentiate the two competing models, we systematically reviewed the available provenance data that include U–Pb detrital zircon ages at the basin scale, paleocurrent directions, sandstone petrography, and heavy-mineral assemblages from the Triassic Songpan-Ganzi basin samples. We use the Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests to differentiate competing hypotheses for detrital-zircon provenance interpretations and DZmix modelling to quantify relative contributions of detrital zircon from all potential source areas for the Triassic Songpan-Ganzi deposits. The most important result of this work is that the Songpan-Ganzi basin had a stable and locally derived source system: the western, central and eastern sub-basins were mainly sourced from the north whereas the easternmost and southeastern sub-basins were mainly sourced from westernmost South China (i.e., the Longmen Shan area) and the Qiangtang terrane. The stability of the source areas around the Songpan-Ganzi basin throughout the Triassic is most compatible with the remnant ocean model that predicts a long-lived marine basin with a pre-Triassic oceanic/continental basement trapped between converging continental blocks during the Triassic.